My system is not decent

Chapter 1767
What attracted the most attention from the academic circles was the Western Zhou bronze ware cellar discovered in Mei County, Western Shaanxi in January 2003.

The kiln was designed as a vertical well and horizontal hole, and 27 bronze wares such as tripods, 鬲, pots, cups, pans, pans, yu, etc. were unearthed.

The shapes of the utensils are all in the style of the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and the patterns are mainly ring belts, vertical rings, stealing curves and various Kuilong patterns.

The most important thing is the bronze inscriptions, 27 pieces have inscriptions, among which the inscriptions on the pan are the longest, with as many as 372 characters.

This bronze plate records the history of the Shan family, from Gaozu Shangong to the eight generations.

In the Ding Ming of 42 and 43 years, it is recorded that the Shan family assisted King Wen, King Wu Xing Zhou to destroy Zhou, conquered Rongdi in the north, picked up Yun, managed Yulin, and received awards for meritorious service.

Basically, the eight generations of the Shan family corresponded with the lineage of the eleven generations and twelve kings of the Zhou family.

This proves that the lineage of the kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty recorded in "Historical Records" is correct, and also proves that the chronology of the Western Zhou Dynasty is the closest to that recorded in the ancient "Bamboo Book Chronicles".

This is the most important archaeological discovery of the Western Zhou Dynasty since the 20th century, and it has great academic value for the study of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The above three examples illustrate that the method of burying remains in a cellar is simple.

It is difficult to determine the age of its burial except for its own dating.

But it can often provide very important historical information, so for Chen Wenzhe, who is very curious, it is of great research value.

Carefully sorting out the places in the country where there may be cellars, Chen Wenzhe found that there are quite a few such places.

Especially in Sichuan Province, there are more cellars in the Song Dynasty, and the distribution is very characteristic.

It is based on the distribution characteristics that the group of tomb robbers will dig out a bunch of treasures at a time.

For example, Jiange is the most typical place. This is Jianzhou in Tang Dynasty, and Longqing Mansion in Song Dynasty. In recent years, 8 cellars of Song Dynasty have been discovered in Jiange.

They are located in Bailong Town in the southeast of the county, Liangshan, Wulian Town, and Zhengxing Township in the southwest of the county, Hanyang Town in the north of the county, Wolong Mountain in the northern suburb of the county, Heming Mountain in the southern suburb, and Xiaodong Street in the county.

There are porcelain, bronze, jade, iron and pottery in the cellar.

The location of the cellars is from Hanyang Town in the north, through the county town (Pu'an Town) in the middle, to Liangshan and Wulian in the southwest, all on the ancient post road.

This is the most obvious feature. As long as you know this, plus some estimated data and experience, it is not difficult to find some hoards.

For example, the group of tomb robbers who specialized in excavating the underground palaces of the remaining temples also discovered the code of wealth.

It is because they know that every temple has an underground palace, and they know what specifications are inside.

This way of excavation can be targeted, and naturally there will be gains every time.

Those criminal archaeologists who didn't gain anything and failed were just because they were a step too late and other seniors took the lead.

The cellar is also a kind of underground palace, but it is just a small shop.

Let’s talk about Jiange, where the Wulian cellar discovered in 1997 is all porcelain, most of which are Yingqing porcelain;

Heming Mountain and Wolong Mountain, discovered in 1962, and Xiaodongjie cellars, discovered in 1988, contain many pieces of bronze wares in addition to porcelain.

There are also some bottles, tripods, smokers, stoves, candlesticks, etc., which are probably offering vessels.

There are also small jade wares such as bottles, boxes, and bowls, as well as jade carvings of toads, lions, Taoists and beasts, etc. in Xiaodong Street.

Although there is no date for the relics in the cellar, their form and style all belong to the Song Dynasty.

There are many things in it, but they don't belong to Chen Wenzhe.

However, Chen Wenzhe found something very interesting in it, which was a Song Dynasty Longquan celadon toad inkstone drop.

This is also from a cellar, and this small cellar is full of toad inkstones.

Chen Wenzhe likes collections in series the most. Unexpectedly, he found a fellow in this retrospect.

Inkstone drop, also known as water drop and book drop, is a study piece that drips water to add inkstone.

The appearance of inkstone drops originated from water bowls. Song Dynasty Zhao Xihu's "Dongtian Qinglu" contained two "water drop identification".

The ancients had no water drops, and when they got up in the morning, they would grind ink, and the inkstone pool would be filled with juice for one day, and when the ink was exhausted, they would grind again, so there was a water bowl.

The water bowl is a container for storing water for grinding ink. When water is added to the inkstone from the water bowl, it is easy to flow too much water, so there is the invention of the inkstone drop.

Therefore, inkstone drops generally have a small capacity, and are usually designed with separate water inlet and outlet holes.

It is recorded in the ninth "Shuo Miscellaneous Tools" of Xu Zhiheng's "Yin Liu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" in the Republic of China.

Drops of water are very ancient in shape. Toad drops and tortoise drops have a long history.

The ancients used copper, and the later generations used porcelain.In the Ming Dynasty, there are squatting dragons and treasure elephants.Those who have a crop shape and do not store much water are called drops, but not called bowls.

The "Xiangsheng" shape of inkstones is a long-standing tradition.

Compared with water bowls, inkstone drops are more interesting, not only practical, but also suitable for the study.

In particular, toad drops and turtle drops are mentioned here.

Among them, the appearance of Chandi can be traced back to the Han Dynasty.

Liu Xin's "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes" in the Western Han Dynasty records: Jin Linggong's tomb... only a jade toad, as big as a fist, with an empty stomach, containing Wuhe water, and as shiny as new, the king took it as a book drop.

This article is the earliest documented record about inkstone drops, and the classic status of toad drops in inkstone drops has long been established.

What Chen Wenzhe saw was exactly this kind of toad drop, and the first one must be an antique from the Han Dynasty.

The chest is full of Tibetan and ink, and the stomach is full of poetry and calligraphy.

This is the realm that the ancient literati wanted to achieve. When it comes to literati, what I have to mention is the stationery.

In addition to the four common pens, inks, papers and inkstones, there are also pen holders, pen holders, rulers, seals, printing boxes and so on.

This cultural relic of the Han Dynasty is also one of them, and its name is the toad-shaped bronze inkstone drop.

Liu Kezhuang in the Song Dynasty once wrote in the poem "Toad Inkstone Drops" that "the device is small, and the work is due to a few inkstones. The trickle of water contained in it will be relied on by future generations." This kind of inkstone is described.

This toad-shaped bronze inkstone drop not only has a certain moral symbol, but also contains scientific principles.

Why did the ancients put toads in elegant study rooms?
This starts with the worship of the frog shape by the ancients. The frog is an oviparous animal that can lay 3000 to 6000 eggs at a time.

The ancestors regarded the frog as a symbol of many children, and painted murals or made utensils used in daily life into the shape of frogs, expressing the ancestors' good wishes for the prosperity of the race.

At the same time, toad also has the meaning of winning laurel in the toad palace, which just meets the demands of ancient scholars.

So where is the scientific principle contained in inkstone drops?
Inkstone drops are utensils used in conjunction with ink and inkstone. When we grind ink, we need to drop a certain amount of water into the inkstone. Inkstone drops are used to achieve this function.

The ingenuity of the inkstone drop is that it generally has two orifices - the water outlet and the water injection port, and the water injection port can control the water flow.

When adding water to the inkstone, drop the inkstone with your hand, and press the water injection port with one finger.

Under the action of the "siphon principle", the light pressing and closing of the fingers can control the amount of water flowing out, so as not to pour out too much water from shaking hands and ruin an inkstone.

Water injection is convenient, and the water stops when the hole is plugged.

(End of this chapter)