My system is not decent

Chapter 1881 Stone carvings look at stone materials, each with its own characteristics
The simple stone carvings are stele stone carvings, and the modern ones are figure and animal stone carvings, life craft supplies stone carvings, modern urban gardens and commemorative stone carvings.

In this stone carving factory, Chen Wenzhe saw all kinds of stone carving works.

Now that he has seen it, it is equivalent to giving him the opportunity to learn all the techniques of stone carving.

To make stone carvings, you must first have suitable processing tools.

You must know that this is a stone carving factory, so naturally there is no shortage of various processing tools.

Hand-carved products, that is, products carved with hand tools such as chisels, hammers, and brazing.

Then there are semi-mechanized processing sculptures, that is, stone carvings that are partly processed by hand and partly by mechanization.

Up to now, there are also fully automatic CNC machining carvings.

There are even some modern craft pieces, such as sandblasted carvings.

This is to use a sandblasting engraving machine for engraving. The sandblasting engraving machine uses an air machine (air pressure 5-6kg/square meter) and corundum to spray engraving on the engraved part of the product.

Now that there are automatic engraving machines, chemical corrosion engravings are absolutely indispensable.

That is to use the chemical reaction between the chemical corrosion liquid and the stone to achieve carving stone.

This kind of engraving method generally has two kinds of embossment (relief) and intaglio.

There are various design techniques of stone carving, which can be divided into relief carving, round carving, sunken carving, shadow carving, openwork carving and openwork carving.

Among the stone carvings that Chen Wenzhe sees now, most of them use reliefs.

So to learn, it is natural to learn how to make reliefs first.

Relief is a semi-three-dimensional sculpture carved on the surface of a stone with a three-dimensional image.

Because the image is embossed on the stone surface, it is called relief.

According to the depth of the stone surface, it can be divided into shallow relief and high relief.

The bas-relief is a single-level statue with a relatively single content and no hollowing out.

High-relief sculptures are multi-layered images with complicated content, and are often hollowed out by openwork techniques, which are more fascinating.

Reliefs are mostly used for wall decoration of buildings, as well as dragon pillars and drums of temples.

Also, the Royal Road of the Forbidden City is a relief.

Generally, large buildings use relief sculptures, while small and more delicate works need to use round sculptures.

Therefore, round sculptures are generally three-dimensional pseudo-modeling works of art that exist alone.

Each surface of the stone requires processing, and the craftsmanship is good at hollowing out techniques and fine chopping axes.

There are many types of such carvings, most of which are made of a single stone, and some are composed of multiple stones.

This kind of sculpture has developed a lot of miniature works, some are as small as a fruit core, and some are as thin as a cicada's wing, which is even more ingenious, and is called "micro-carving".

These works have completely deviated from the practicality of architecture and become pure handicrafts.

Because it is small and easy to carry, it is a commemorative treasure and has a good development prospect.

Then there is sinking carving, also known as "line carving", which is a work of art that uses the carving method of "water grinding and sinking flowers".

This kind of carving method absorbs the traditional brushwork methods such as traditional Chinese painting and meaning, overlapping, line modeling and scatter perspective. After the stone is processed and polished on the plane, the pattern and text are traced, and then the lines are engraved according to the picture.

With the thickness and depth of the lines, the shadows are used to reflect the three-dimensional effect.

Most of these works are used for the surface decoration of the outer wall of the building, which has a strong artistic quality.

Next is shadow carving, which is a new craft developed on the basis of the early "needle black and white" craft.

The earliest works were created by Huian artists in the late 60s.

Because the works are all based on photos, it is called "Shadow Sculpture".

This kind of carving is made of jade crystal lake bluestone, which is cut and sawn into flat plates as materials.

Polish the surface first, and use its characteristic of showing white dots after chiseling, and use fine tools to carve out micro dots of different sizes, depths, and densities.

It is only divided into different levels of black and white, so that the image can be displayed, which is not only delicate and lifelike, but also has a unique charm. It is the development of stone carving to pure art, and it has opened up a new way for the production of stone carving crafts.

In fact, the difficulty of these technologies is not too high in the industry.

Among carvings, carving is the most challenging skill.

Hollow carving is a form of sculpture, also known as hollow carving, that is, to hollow out the part of the stone that does not express the image, and leave the part that can express the image.

Loudiao is a technique developed from round carving, and it is a Shoushan stone carving technique that expresses the three-dimensional space of objects and images.

Openwork carving is developed from traditional stone carving techniques. Ancient stonemasons often carved dragons with stone balls in their mouths.

The dragon ball is stripped from the original stone and is larger than the dragon's mouth, rolling in the dragon's mouth without slipping out.

This kind of "bead" that moves in the dragon button stone seal is the simplest hollow carving.

Chen Wenzhe had specially studied this difficult carving technique before.

Loudiao goes a step further, that is openwork.

Chen Wenzhe learned this technique on bronze wares before, but in fact, this technique is most widely used in jade, stone, or wooden wares.

Openwork In relief works, the protruding part of the image is kept, and the back part is partially hollowed out, which is called openwork.

The similarities and differences between openwork carving, openwork carving and chain carving are that all three are penetrating.

However, the back of the openwork is mostly expressed in the form of an interspersed screen, which can be divided into single-sided openwork and double-sided openwork.

Single-sided openwork only engraves the front, while double-sided openwork engraves both the front and back images.

No matter single-sided openwork or double-sided openwork, they are essentially different from openwork and chain carving.

That is openwork carving and chain carving, both are 360-degree all-round carvings, not the front or the front and back.

Therefore, openwork carving and chain carving belong to round carving techniques, while openwork carving is an extension of relief carving techniques.

In addition, stone carving craftsmen throughout the ages have also created some carvings with various techniques of round, floating and sinking.

This kind of carvings all show more complex content, so the comprehensive method of sinking in the floating, floating in the sinking, and sinking in the circle is adopted.

Although there are many kinds of stone carving products and there are many classification methods, their processing procedures are roughly the same.

General points: stone selection, model making, blank forming, product forming, partial engraving, polishing, cleaning, product assembly acceptance and packaging.

There are four traditional manual processing techniques for processing these stone carving products.

The first is "kneading", which is to make a prototype, and it is also a creative design process.

Some carvings draw sketches before making blanks, and some make mud or plaster models first.

The second is "gouging", which is to first dig out useless stones inside according to the line graphics.

The third is "picking", also known as "picking", which is to remove excess stones from the outside according to the graphics.

The fourth is "carving", which is to carry out careful cutting and chopping at the end to make the carved pieces take shape.

Of course, all these techniques are based on good stone.

Therefore, no matter what kind of carving technique, good stone is needed.

In this way, choosing a good stone becomes extremely important.

According to stone materials, my country's stone carvings are divided into bluestone carvings, marble carvings, white marble carvings, steatite carvings, black crystal stone carvings, colored stone carvings, and pebble carvings.

As a result, their own characteristics have been developed, and various types of stone carvings have been formed.

(End of this chapter)