My system is not decent

Chapter 1941 The Brilliant Achievements of Qin and Han Lacquerware

Funeral equipment in the Han Dynasty included coffins, outer coffins, wooden sticks, sticks, wooden figurines, beds, lacquered weapons, chariots and horses, etc.

Among them, the double-layer lacquer dowry, lacquer pillow, lacquer inkstone, lacquer bowl, lacquer bell, lacquer francium, washbasin, weapon rack, cup box, lacquer chopsticks, etc. are all new products that have not been seen in pre-Qin tombs.

In the Western Han Dynasty, it became the heyday of bo opera. "Historical Records: Funny Biography" said: "If it is a meeting of state Lu, men and women sit together, drink and stay, and Liubo throws pots."

It can be seen that bo opera was an important entertainment item in the Han Dynasty. The bo opera unearthed from the Han Tomb No. 3 Mawangdui in Husha is Touqiong Bo.

All this shows that during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the evolution of utensil shapes became increasingly secular.

The utensils evolved from secularization in the early Han Dynasty corresponded to the decline of ritual functions and the continuous enhancement of practical functions of lacquerware at that time.

The shape evolution of the cloud-patterned lacquer dagger in Mawangdui No. 3 Han Tomb proves this point.

In the pre-Qin period, people had a set of strict etiquette regulations for their sacrifices and sacrifices, and daggers were an important utensil.

Zheng's note in "Yili Shihunli": "Dagger, so don't give out the body of the animal."

Use a dagger to take it out of the tripod and put it in the Zu for food, which is the so-called enjoying the wok, raising the tripod, and carrying the Zu.

In formal occasions, the meat in the tripod is very large, and the dagger is also used to cut the meat on the Zu.

Therefore, the daggers of the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties were peach-leaf-shaped with thinner and sharper sides.

With the disintegration of the patriarchal society and the decline of the tripod system, the function of the dagger in the Warring States Period changed to practicality.

By the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the evolution of the shape of the dagger was also becoming more and more secular. People often used lacquer daggers to hold soup and rice in the tripod.

The blade of the lacquer dagger from Mawangdui Tomb No. 1 has been obviously deepened, and the bucket is shaped like a dustpan, like a spoon.

In order to meet the needs of practical functions, craftsmen in the early Han Dynasty often improved some shapes of past utensils to make them more refined and practical.

For example, the single-layer lacquer dowry in the pre-Qin period has been transformed into a practical double-layer lacquer dowry by the early Han Dynasty.

Nine sons' dowry and eleven sons' rectangular dowry were unearthed from Tomb No. 1, Douban Mountain, Xianjiahu, exquisitely crafted.

Built-in rouge, lead powder, silk sponge, bronze mirror, comb and other complete cosmetic products.

Even if these things are placed now, they are not easy.

Therefore, these many dowry are considered by modern people to be a model of "designing to serve people".

In addition, the storage wisdom in the multi-zi lian in the Han Dynasty is also full. The multi-zi lian that was popular in the Han Dynasty must be the concentrated expression of the design wisdom of the ancients.

The combination of different forms of dowry not only has practicality, but also brings people a harmonious aesthetic feeling, highlighting the unique aesthetic principles of form and the "people-oriented" design idea.

The Han people value appearance, and there are many kinds of cosmetics, not only fat, luster, powder, black, and fragrance, but also a new variety-rouge.

Bronze mirrors, mirror clothes, mirror brushes, combs, wigs, tweezers, knives, powder puffs, etc. are also essential dressing utensils.

Duozi came into being and became the earliest "packaging design".

Liao, a mirror box for women's dressing, generally refers to a small and exquisite box.

None of the objects discovered so far are older than the Han Dynasty, especially in the late Western Han Dynasty, accounting for a high proportion of unearthed dowries.

Mother dowry, the most common one is circular in cross section;
Fang Liao is also found from time to time, and they are often larger in size and can accommodate more sons.

Mother dowry is mostly single-layer, and it is not uncommon to see double-layer ones. The upper layer is often used to place bronze mirrors.

The number of donkeys is usually 3-11, with 7 being the most popular.

The shapes of Zilian mainly include circle, horseshoe, ellipse, and rectangle. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, square dowry also appeared.

The double-layer Jiuzi dowry of Tomb No. 1 in Mawangdui is 20.8 centimeters high and 35.2 centimeters in diameter.

This double-layer Nine Sons Liao is a fine product of the early Western Han Dynasty.

The whole dome is painted with cloud patterns in three colors of gold, white and red on the dark brown lacquer floor.

A few places are supplemented by cone paintings, which are gorgeous yet dignified, delicate and natural.

The body of the device is divided into upper and lower layers, and the upper layer contains gloves, cotton towels, belts, mirror clothing, etc.

In the lower layer, 9 grooves are chiseled on the bottom plate, and 9 pieces of donkeys are placed.

The largest dowry, containing wigs;
Horns of horseshoes, wooden combs and grates;

A large long square dish, containing needle clothes and fennel;

The rest are all kinds of cosmetics and silk puffs.

Through the significant difference in shape, volume and pattern, users can easily judge what is contained inside from the appearance, showing the ingenuity of the designer.

In addition, there is a double-layer Liuzi Lian from Yuyang Tomb on Wangchengpo. This one is 17.2 cm high and 32 cm in diameter.

In terms of luxury, the double-layered nine-son dome from Mawangdui Tomb No. 1 is still inferior to the double-layer six-son dome from Yuyang Tomb in Wangchengpo later in the same period.

Although the volume is small and the number of dongles is small, the cone paintings are more detailed and decorated with more precious metals.

The center of the top of the cover is inlaid with persimmon-shaped silver pieces, and there are five silver buttons on the edge and wall of the cover, and the same is true for the Zilian.

The utensils of this practice became popular after the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, and they can appear in the tombs of the Wenjing period, obviously because the tomb owner was very high-ranking and able to get the fashion first.

During the reign of Emperor Wu, not only a new square shape, but also a new decoration—gold and silver foil decals—appeared in Duozi Lian.

Tomb No. 1 in Mancheng is the mausoleum of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan. Among the 8 donkeys unearthed from this tomb, one has a square cross-section and contains cosmetics.

Among the lacquered wood fragments are also interspersed some pearls, gold leaf, and silver (onyx inlaid) and bone animal ornaments, which is a combination of appliqué and marquetry.

This kind of craftsmanship was carried forward in Guangling Kingdom and surrounding areas in the late Western Han Dynasty.

The many sons' dolls of this period are wonderful, and in terms of novelty in shape, there is nothing better than the five sons' dowry in Tomb No. 1 at Tianchang Triangle Fairy.

Among them is a rare half-moon donut with a rectangular groove on the cover, which can be inserted into another rectangular donut to form a joint box;
After mating, the five child donuts can just fit into the round female dowry.

Such a whimsy, amazing.

The number of square dowry is relatively small, and it is rare to see a complete one.

Although the ten sons from Han Tomb No. [-], Ganquan, Hanjiang, Yangshi are also seriously decayed.

But the shape, decoration and items inside are relatively clear.

This square can also be used as a representative of many sons in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The cross-section is a rare square and the shape is quite large.

The carcass does not use the long-popular cloth tire, but is mainly made of wood, and the bottom of the Zimao is made of copper skin.

The decoration is complicated, cone painting, gold-plated copper buckle, inlay (crystal, glass, copper foam), showing the dignity of the owner.

The Shizi Lian in Han Tomb No. 2 in Ganquan is more arborous, 33.5 cm square and 10 cm high.

Duozi lian is not only ingenious in shape, convenient and practical, but also the most representative decoration.

Cone painting, clasps, gold and silver foil decals, inlays and other techniques are all comprehensively used on the dowry, and their changes often lead the fashion of the times.

Therefore, no matter in terms of shape, decoration, and techniques, Duozi Lian reflects the brilliant achievements of Qin and Han lacquerware.

(End of this chapter)