I, compose the 5000 years of China

Chapter 326 One of the Three Spring and Autumn Biography, "Gongyang Biography"... (for subscription)
"It's no wonder that Mencius' ideas were not accepted by the monarchs of all the vassal states."

Mencius finished speaking.

Everyone has a basic understanding of why Confucianism was not widely used during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.

This does not mean that if you have high knowledge and good knowledge, you can be reused.

It depends on whether your knowledge is not in the interests of the monarch.

If it fits, then the monarch may promote your ideas.

If not.

Then.

Some monarchs may still treat you kindly, while some monarchs may directly drive you out or even kill you.

but.

When Chen Fan was talking about this series of pre-Qin philosophers, everyone gradually had a clearer understanding of the various schools of thought.

"Brother Fan, a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period, a hundred schools of thought together, it's really brilliant."

"Yes, there is Mozi, there is Huizi, there is Zhuangzi, there is Laozi, and now Mencius. If I really want to say it, I think that many times, these philosophers may not be as good as Confucius."

"Yes."

Everyone nodded.

As for why everyone is most familiar with Confucius.

That's because the Han Dynasty dismissed hundreds of schools and only respected Confucianism.

But this is in line with what was said before.

Why did the Han Dynasty choose Confucianism instead of others?

This is because times have changed.

Confucianism may not have performed very well in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period when it was competing for interests, but it still had its own unique features in the unified era of the Han Dynasty.

"Brother Fan, we want to ask, besides these sages, are there any other masters?"

"of course."

Chen Fan nodded: "Since it is said that there are hundreds of schools of thought, it is not just one or two families. If we really want to say, there were more than a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. However, some documents of the schools of thought have not been handed down, and some Because it has been too long, so people don’t know about it. In particular, some scholars are relatively low-key in themselves. If he did not recruit disciples widely, it would be difficult for his ideas to be passed down. For example, there is a man named The sages of Liezi."

"Lie Zi?"

This mention of Liezi made many people have some impressions: "Brother Fan, it seems that Zhuangzi once mentioned Liezi."

"Yes."

Chen Fan continued: "Zhuangzi mentioned that Liezi could walk against the wind, and said that Liezi could walk against the wind. This is a bit exaggerated. Like Zhuangzi, Liezi is also a human being, and it is impossible for him to have superpowers. Like Zhuangzi, he is also a master of philosophy with very profound thoughts. At the same time, he is also a representative of the Taoist school. It is said that Liezi wrote eight volumes of books, but they have long been lost. What can be known today is "Liezi" A series of very interesting stories that have been handed down from the book. For example, let me first share with you a story about "The Foolish Old Man Moves Mountains" in Liezi."

It should be said that among the pre-Qin scholars, Chen Fan liked Zhuangzi very much, because Zhuangzi was really the best in the world in writing prose.

Besides Zhuangzi, what Chen Fan likes is Liezi.

Liezi's writing style is naturally not as good as Zhuangzi's, but the series of stories in Liezi's book are really amazing.

For example, "The Foolish Old Man Moves Mountains" mentioned by Chen Fan.

"Once upon a time, there was a man named Yugong. In front of his gate were two high mountains, Taihang and Wangwu. These two mountains stretched for more than 700 miles and hindered everyone's travel. So Yugong thought, why don't I put these two mountains together? Digging. Although it seems to be an impossible task, Yugong is still extremely persistent. He takes his children and grandchildren to dig day and night. There is a seven or eight-year-old boy next door. Shan, also jumped up and down to help."

"There was a very smart man in Hequ who laughed at Yugong, saying that with your little people, how could you dig a big mountain. After hearing this, Yugong said, you still say you are the smartest person here, I think you are not as good as that Children who are seven or eight years old. As you said, although it seems impossible to dig this mountain at my age, I still have my son. My son gave birth to a son. The grandson gave birth to a son. The son also gave birth to a son. If this continues, my descendants and grandchildren will be endless. As long as our family is united, then, with my endless descendants, I will be able to dig up these two mountains. Later, the Emperor of Heaven heard According to the story of Yugong, he ordered the two sons of Hercules to carry two big mountains. So far, the south of Jizhou where Yugong is located and the north of Han River have been unimpeded."

This is the story of Yugong Yishan.

Chen Fan learned this story when he was very young in his previous life.

Not just learned.

Even when it was not in the textbook, the old man often told this story.

of course.

The reason of this story is also very simple, that is to tell the story of perseverance and not afraid of difficulties.

Although such a small story may not be so good.

but.

Once such a small story is instilled in your mind when you are young, it can affect countless people.

……

"Yugong Yishan, this story is interesting."

"Yugong, no wonder it's called Yugong, but I like the spirit of Yugong."

"Tell it back to my son. I believe that after he hears this story, it must be of great help to him."

Compared with a series of philosophies of the sages, such short stories are obviously easier for everyone to understand.

As you said.

How did Liezi write such a story, shouldn't he talk about some ideological strategies such as governing the country?
In fact.

Chen Fan would say.

Does everyone in the world have to study how to govern the country, how to manage a country?

Many hermits, many sages, many of them are not very interested in these.

But besides governing the country, again, there are many, many things that can be done in this world.

For example, self-cultivation, and education.

Self-cultivation is the behavior towards oneself.

And education is educating the people.

In fact, once education is opened, it can also have the effect of governing the country on the other hand.

So.

Liezi also has a title, educator.

and so.

This educator wrote many stories, or fables, about educating the world.

Then, Chen Fan told another story: "Once upon a time, there was a man who lost an axe. He suspected that the neighbor's son had stolen it, so he observed the man. The way the man walked looked like someone who stole the axe; The expression on the man's face was also like that of someone who stole an ax; listening to his words, he seemed more like someone who stole an axe, and every word and action of that man, every move he took was like someone who stole an ax. Not long after, the man He found the ax while turning over his grain pile, and saw the neighbor's son the next day, and felt that he did not behave like a man who stole the ax."

This story is called "Suspicious Neighbor Stealing the Ax", which is to suspect that the neighbor stole the axe.

The story is simple, but extremely interesting.

Not just fun.

And incomparably straight to the heart.

As soon as such a small story came out, the live broadcast room suddenly became amused: "Hahaha, this story is amazing."

"After hearing this story, I felt a little blush. I had this kind of incident before, and it wasn't because of stealing or not. But when I doubt someone or don't trust someone, I I always feel that there is a problem with everything he does.”

"Yes, just like this story. It doesn't matter whether he is talking, walking, or doing other things. I always look at it, and I think this guy is not a good bird. In the end, after the truth came out , I will never think so again.”

"Hahaha... It really is a great sage who has too much insight into people's hearts."

This is what education does.

Then, Chen Fan said again: "Let me tell you a little story in Liezi. This little story is also related to Confucius. Once, when Confucius was traveling in the East, he saw two children arguing by the roadside. Confucius asked them to argue. A child said: I think the sun is closest to people when it first rises, and farthest from people at noon. Another child thinks that the sun is farthest from people in the morning.

The former child said: "When the sun just rises, it is as big as a car hood, but at noon, it is only as big as a plate. Doesn't it look small when it is far away and big when it is close?"The latter child said: "When the sun just rose, the weather was still cool, but at noon it was as hot as if you put your hand in hot water. Isn't this the reason why the near side is hot and the far side is cold?"

Neither of them could convince the other, so they asked Confucius to comment.

As a result, Confucius didn't know who was right and who was wrong between the two. In the end, the two children laughed at Confucius and said: You are not the smartest in the world, why don't you know this. "

This story is even more joyful.

Confucius is the sage of this world, it can be said that he is the sage of this world.

Even if Confucius was unsatisfactory in his era, Confucius is also famous.

Therefore, Confucius' reputation is very great, and his wisdom has also been widely spread by many people.

but.

When it comes to two children arguing, but they can't tell who is right and who is wrong... This forms a huge contrast.

"Haha, I guess Confucius must go berserk."

"It's over, Confucius can't even answer children's questions, Confucius' image is greatly damaged."

"I am so happy to see this story. I guess this story may not have happened. However, no matter whether it has happened or not. Liezi made fun of Confucius, which in itself can explain it. It is not that the sages knew everything, nor was it the most A famous person knows everything."

of course.

It is normal for Confucius not to be able to distinguish this problem.

After all, more than 2000 years ago, who knew how big the sun was.

and.

Even if someone knows it, there is a specialization in the art industry.

Confucius did not know everything, and it is normal to have some ignorance.

"This is Liezi. Like Laozi and Zhuangzi, he is a representative of the Taoist school. He likes innocence and inaction, and doesn't think much about becoming an official. However, although he did not perform well in his official career, his people Ideas are also very inspiring to us.”

of course.

Regarding Liezi, there are not only the above-mentioned stories.

In Liezi, there are a series of very well-known and vivid stories.

immediately.

Chen Fan told everyone again the story of "Worries" in "Lie Zi", and the story of "Bo Ya Ziqi"...etc.

None of these stories are statecraft.

It doesn't sound very profound.

but.

Every one of these stories is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

……

"Next, let's talk about another sage, this sage is called Wenzi."

Finish talking about Liezi.

Chen Fan didn't stop, he continued to talk about another sage.

There are hundreds of schools in the Spring and Autumn Period, there are really hundreds of schools, and even more than one hundred schools.

But most people don't know much about Chunqiu Baijia.

Let alone this world.

It is the previous life.

Many people know Laozi, Zhuangzi, Confucius, Mencius... these are some representative scholars.

For some other sages, it is not so clear.

and so.

Chen Fan would specifically mention Liezi, as well as Wenzi.

"Wenzi, his name is Ji Ran, he was a famous counselor in the Spring and Autumn Period, and he was even a very famous economist."

"economist?"

As soon as the title of this economist came out, everyone was a little surprised.

To know.

The philosophers mentioned by Chen Fan before were either philosophers, thinkers, military strategists, or educators.

There are also politicians, military strategists and the like.

but.

Economists, this is the first time they hear it.

"Were there economists more than 2000 years ago?"

A fan asked.

Chen Fan replied: "More than 2000 years ago, the title of economist may not have existed, but he also did a lot of things as an economist."

Why do you say economist? This is just for Chen Fan to introduce Wenzi better.

"Wenzi was born in Song Dynasty. He is erudite in history books, especially good at calculation. He often visits mountains, seas and lakes. Once, when he traveled south to Yue Kingdom, he accepted a man named Fan Li as his disciple."

"Fan Li...I'll go, Brother Fan, this Fan Li can't be the one who helped the King of Yue destroy the Wu Kingdom, right?"

"Correct."

Chen Fan nodded: "That's him."

"Fan Li admired his teacher very much and wanted to recommend Wenzi to the King of Yue. But Wenzi said that the King of Yue is a man with a long neck and a bird's beak. He can share adversity with him, but not share prosperity and joy. So he passed on Fan Li's seven strategies for destroying Wu. Among them, the seven strategies , more than half of them used economic measures to drag down the state of Wu. As a result, Fan Li only used five of the strategies to destroy the state of Wu directly. Later, after Fan Li helped the king of Yue to destroy the state of Wu. The Book of Fan Li After listening to the words of his teacher Wenzi, he asked the King of Yue to go back to the mountains and forests, and asked his friend Wen Zhong to go back to the mountains. But in the end, Wen Zhong did not agree. In the end, after Fan Li went back to the mountains and forests, he became the world-famous Tao Zhu Gong, but Wen Zhong was bestowed to death by the King of Yue in the end. Therefore, there is a famous saying that spreads, the flying birds are exhausted, the good bow is hidden, the cunning rabbit dies, and the lackeys cook..."

Although Wenzi did not leave any works to the world.

but.

Previously, Chen Fan had talked about the history of Wu Yue's struggle for hegemony many times.

At this time, the introduction of the text into the Wuyue struggle for hegemony suddenly made the whole Wuyue struggle for hegemony more plentiful.

"I didn't expect that there would be such a sage in the Wuyue struggle for hegemony."

"It's amazing, Fan Li just listened to Wen Zi's words, and that's how he saved his life."

"Not only that, Fan Li also obtained the true biography of Wenzi, and he is also great in business, becoming the world's richest businessman."

Everyone was amazed.

There are hundreds of schools of thought, and it is almost random to pick one, and each one is amazing.

Even if they had never heard of Wenzi, his legendary experience still made people very excited.

……

"Any more, any more?"

"Wenzi doesn't have a lot of experience, and there are few that have been handed down. There are not many stories about him later."

"Brother Fan, we want to ask, are there any other disciples?"

All the fans were very excited.

The stories of the Spring and Autumn Scholars not only benefited them a lot, but also opened their eyes.

This made them forget everything. Although the live broadcast had been live for two hours, they still enjoyed listening to it.

"Of course there is."

Chen Fan nodded: "The hundred schools of thought are really brilliant, but it may take a while to talk about each family. There are two hours of live broadcast today. So, today I will tell you about the last sage, The name of this sage is Gong Yanggao."

"Tall ram?"

"Yes."

Chen Fan said: "Maybe most people have never heard of his name, but the "Gongyang Biography" written by Gongyang Gao is one of the three biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period. At the same time, Mr. Tai Shigong of the Han Dynasty was also Deeply influenced by Gong Yanggao, it has become a family saying."

(End of this chapter)