I, compose the 5000 years of China

Chapter 327 Great Unity, Great Unity... (for subscription)
"I'll go, Tai Shigong is influenced by Gongyang Gao, it seems that he is a great sage."

"However, what, what are the three stories of Spring and Autumn?"

"Brother Fan, we don't know something."

People are naturally not clear.

In fact, it's not just that people don't know it now.

Even in the previous life, there are many people who are not clear about the Three Legends of the Spring and Autumn Period.

but.

Since everyone is unclear, Chen Fan will explain to everyone.

Before explaining the Three Legends of the Spring and Autumn Period, then, we must first talk about the Spring and Autumn Period.

"The Spring and Autumn Period here is not a period in history. The "Spring and Autumn Annals" here refers to a book. It is said that the "Spring and Autumn Annals" was recorded by the official historian of Lu State at that time. State historians will also collect the inappropriate things of other princes and princes and officials, and record the contents of letters between princes and officials. To put it simply, "Spring and Autumn" is a history book."

"And why is it called Spring and Autumn? Because when many historians recorded history, they usually wrote from Spring and Autumn to Winter, that is, they were calculated on a yearly basis. However, the Lu State's calendar at that time had Spring and Autumn first, and then Winter and Summer. Therefore, this The name of the book is called "Spring and Autumn". Generally speaking, "Spring and Autumn" records from Lu Yingong to Lu Aigong, and there are twelve generations of monarchs, counting 240 years. As for why this is generally speaking, because The earliest version of Chunqiu has long been lost."

"However, although the earliest version of "Spring and Autumn" was lost, various countries still have a series of their versions. Later, "Spring and Autumn" was annotated and revised by Confucius. Therefore, the "Spring and Autumn" we know now, Basically Confucius' version."

So.

Many people in later generations believed that "Spring and Autumn" was written by Confucius.

But there is a lot of controversy here.

Because "Spring and Autumn" is the history of Lu, he appeared before Confucius.

Moreover, there are more than 200 years of records in the Spring and Autumn Annals, and the writer is not one, but dozens of people.

Why can be seen.

Because it can be seen from the writing style and style that this book is not written by one hand.

However, although the author of Chunqiu is controversial.

But "Spring and Autumn" has been revised and commented by Confucius to some extent, which is generally recognized by everyone.

"It's just that although "Spring and Autumn" is a history book, its entire book has only more than 1 characters. More than 1 characters have recorded more than 200 years of history. Therefore, the entire "Spring and Autumn" is written very briefly. Many Big things are often just one or two sentences. This also caused most people to fail to understand. In order for everyone to understand, five people commented on Chunqiu."

"Among them, Zuo Qiuming commented and supplemented the Spring and Autumn Annals, which is called "Zuo Zhuan". The Gongyang Gao we just mentioned, he commented on the Spring and Autumn Period, which is "Gongyang Biography". In addition, there are Zou and Jia's annotations on "Chunqiu", which are "Zou's Biography" and "Jia's Biography". But unfortunately, "Zou's Biography" and "Jia's Biography" have been completely lost. Therefore, there are still a few commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Period, namely "Zuo Zhuan", "Gu Liang Biography", and "Gongyang Zhuan". Later generations will also call these three biographies "Three Biography of Spring and Autumn."

This is why it is called "Gongyang Zhuan" as one of the three biography of Sanqiu.

With this explanation, everyone nodded.

"I didn't expect it to be like this."

"It seems that the development of history books has also gone through an extremely complicated period."

"No, but unfortunately, a large number of books have disappeared."

This is what frustrates many people.

For this.

Chen Fan had no choice.

Not to mention this world.

In the previous life, a lot of books disappeared, and he couldn't recover them.

But that's not certain.

With the development of modern science and technology, a series of large tombs have been unearthed, and many lost classics will slowly come to light.

"As I said just now, the three biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period are comments on the history book "Spring and Autumn". "Historical Supplement". That is, to fill in a series of major events that occurred in the unrecorded time after "Spring and Autumn". However, "Guliang Biography" and "Gongyang Biography" do not make much supplement to history, but to "Spring and Autumn" Annotate the trivial words and righteousness, or explain some events in "Spring and Autumn".

At this time.

Some fans asked in puzzlement: "Brother Fan, what do you mean by being humble and righteous?"

"This one is also very simple. Generally speaking, a historian is also a human being. When he records history books, he does not act like a robot, but only records this historical event. In addition to recording historical events, he also Etiquette and legal system, to evaluate these events. Even some historians with strong styles, they will evaluate these historical events in their own name. And their evaluation, in "Spring and Autumn", is called Wei Yan Da Yi. But The small words and big meanings here are relatively concise, and not many people can understand them. Therefore, there is "Gaoyang Biography" to provide more detailed annotations on these small words and big meanings."

Also.

Because the evaluation of these historical events in the Spring and Autumn Period is often in a few words, people in later generations call such evaluations the Spring and Autumn Brushwork.

no way.

Due to the way of recording, as well as the text, and the history is too long and other reasons.

In many cases, books written for hundreds of years must be annotated so that people can understand them.

Just like we read classical Chinese now, we also need to translate it so that ordinary people can understand it.

"Gongyang Zhuan", to put it bluntly, is a book that annotates and translates "Spring and Autumn".

but.

If "Biography of Gongyang" is just commentary and translation, then Chen Fan is not very interested in "Biography of Gongyang".

The key is.

When annotating and translating Gongyang Zhuan, he also had a strong personal style and profound ideas.

then.

Chen Fan continued to explain: "The author of Gongyang Zhuan is said to be Gongyang Gao, and Gong Yanggao is a disciple of "Zixia", and Zixia is a disciple of Confucius. The original "Gongyang Zhuan" did not become a book. Gongyanggao wrote down some of the words of his teacher "Zixia" and Confucius, and added his own collation to form the Gongyang Biography. Later, Gongyanggao passed on the words orally. It was not until the Western Han Dynasty that Gongyang Gao's great-great-great-grandson compiled Gongyang Gao's remarks into "Gongyang Biography."

Yes.

The real author of "Gongyang Biography" is also a more complicated issue here.

Like "The Analects of Confucius", he may not have a fixed author.

However, most of the remarks here are still compiled and perfected by Gongyang Gao, so for the time being, the author is designated as Gongyang Gao.

"First of all, let's talk about the "Gongyang Zhuan"'s interpretation of Chunqiu's subtle words and great righteousness. As I said just now, Gongyang Zhuan has a strong personal style and profound ideological concepts. Therefore, when he explained Chunqiu's subtle words and great righteousness, he also Very refreshing."

"For example, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the monarch of Ji State saw that the monarch of Qi State was very disrespectful to the emperor of Zhou, so he thought it was an opportunity, so he said to King Zhou Yi: Qi Aigong, the monarch of Qi State, has always been very disrespectful to you. , now you should kill him and show other princes and kings who disrespect you. Ordinary killing, but cooking, the method is very cruel."

"200 years later, Qi Xianggong of Qi State came to the throne. In order to avenge blood hatred, Qi Xianggong sent troops to attack Ji State. As for why Ji State was attacked, it was because the ancestors of Ji State once spoke ill of Qi State King in front of Zhou Tianzi, so Qi State The king of the country was killed. In order to revenge, even after more than 200 years, Qi still remembered this hatred. Immediately, it took five years for Qi to destroy Ji. Confucianism at that time was very controversial about this matter, and many Representatives of Confucianism believe that hatred has been in the past for more than 5 years, and there is no need to keep chasing it. However, Gong Yanggao said, can revenge be taken for nine generations? Even for a hundred generations... It means that such hatred, even in the past You can still avenge the ninth life. Even, let alone the ninth life, you can take revenge in the hundred."

"This kind of evaluation had a great influence on Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When the Han Dynasty was first established, Baideng, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, had to contribute a woman to save his life. Empress Lu was also humiliated by the Xiongnu Zhishu, saying that Let her accompany you. Although Queen Lu was extremely angry, she still had no choice but to evade and say that she was old and decrepit, so she offered a group of young women to the past. Even in the two generations of Emperor Wen and Emperor Jing, they were often invaded by the Huns. Under such a situation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty remembered the words of Gongyang Gao, Duke Xiang of Qi could avenge the ninth generation, but couldn’t the Great Han Dynasty? Immediately, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed his defensive strategy against the Xiongnu and took the initiative to attack. Achieved the great Han world."

It can be seen from this that the thoughts in "Gongyang Zhuan" have a profound influence on later generations.

of course.

Such a concept of [Nine generations of revenge can still be avenged] also stimulated a lot of fans.

"The hatred of the nine generations can still be avenged, awesome, top."

"That's right. If you repay a grievance with virtue, get out of here. Whoever wants to make enemies with me, I'm sorry, let alone this life, even if it is the past nine lives, I will remember it. Even if I die, I will Tell my children and grandchildren, remember."

"Hatred can never be eradicated. If it is to be eradicated, it is to avenge this hatred. Ahhhhh... I really like this Gongyang Gao."

have to say.

Gong Yanggao's "Nine generations of revenge can still be avenged" not only won the appreciation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but also made all the fans feel deeply.

What kind of revenge for virtue.

Don't remember the hundreds of years of hatred.

No.

This is all bullshit.

In our hearts, there is some enmity, some hatred, even after nine or even a hundred lives, we must remember it.

……

"Of course, "Biography of Gongyang" not only has its own ideas and insights on trivial matters, but also shows very unique and even insightful insights in other aspects. Among them, "Biography of Gongyang" puts forward the theory of the third generation statement."

Chen Fan continued to explain.

Fans on one side also continued to ask their own questions: "What is Sanshi said?"

"The third generation said that what he was talking about was not the development of an individual, but the development of the whole world. He believed that human society developed continuously along the three generations of chaos, prosperity, and peace. To put it simply, human beings first evolved from Chaos, then peace, and then peace and prosperity. This is a process of human development, and it can also be called a law. Although such a law may not be summed up very well, such a theory of the three generations has been widely recognized by later generations. Quotations from many thinkers. Dong Zhongshu, for example, made use of this statement. He believed that the Spring and Autumn Period is not a whole, and he is divided into several stages. Until modern times, Gong Zizhen also quoted the statement of Gongyang Zhuan. Even Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei of later generations All modern ideas also come from Gongyang Zhuan. Uh... that, Gong Zizhen, Liang Qichao, Kang Youwei... I'll talk about that later."

of course.

This idea is not well understood by everyone for the time being.

This is okay.

It was mainly Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei that Chen Fan mentioned. Chen Fan did not explain these people.

but.

Now is not the time to talk about them.

I thought about it.

Chen Fan continued: "If you don't know much about the third generation, let's talk about another contribution of "Gongyang Zhuan". This contribution can be said to be the biggest contribution of Gongyang Zhuan. Similarly, it is also a contribution to the entire Spring and Autumn Period. The Warring States period even influenced the future for more than 2000 years. This contribution is the idea of ​​[Great Unification] first proposed in the Legend of Gongyang, and this is also the first emergence of the idea of ​​​​Great Unification in the Chinese nation."

"Unification?"

Everyone was stunned.

Such a word is too familiar to everyone.

It can be said.

Why the Chinese nation can survive for thousands of years, the concept of great unification is really too important.

If there is no grand unified concept.

Then the entire Chinese nation may still evolve into dozens or even hundreds of countries like the Spring and Autumn and Warring States.

"Of course, the great unification proposed in the original "Gongyang Biography" was just an ideological and political unification. For example, at that time, the emperor Zhou was still in charge of the world. The unification here is to hope that a series of vassal states will respect the emperor Zhou. However, after the launch of Gongyang’s idea of ​​great unification, this idea has been further developed. Originally, this idea was only political respect for the emperor of Zhou, but later, the idea of ​​great unification became a regional domain The great unification of China has changed from the great unification to the great unification of the entire Chinese realm."

"I go……"

The concept of great unification is really amazing and sensational.

"I finally understand why Tai Shigong is so deeply influenced by the biography of Gongyang. The idea of ​​unification alone has been influential for thousands of years."

"Yes. If there is no such a unified concept, how can we have a stable environment now."

"Yes, look at Europe. It didn't form a unified concept, and it was divided into dozens of countries. I bet that Europe will definitely lag far behind Asia in the future."

Everyone was excited inside.

At the same time.

Because I have been listening to Chen Fan's class before.

Therefore, many fans have a deeper understanding of history and Chinese culture as a whole.

When hearing here.

A fan asked Chen Fan excitedly: "Brother Fan, are we going to talk about Qin?"

"Yes."

Chen Fan nodded: "The State of Qin has perfectly inherited and developed the idea of ​​great unification in "Gongyang Biography", and finally unified the six countries..."

(End of this chapter)