I, compose the 5000 years of China

Chapter 328 The No. [-] Overlord of the Warring States Period, Wei State... (for subscription)
Jin Province.

A few days later, Chen Fan came to Taiyuan University in Jin Province.

The reason why I came to Jin Province was not to go to Shaanxi Province where Qin State is located.

This is because.

If you want to talk about the great unification, you can't just talk about Qin.

Before the rise of Qin, many other countries among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States had a great chance to unify the six countries.

During the Warring States period, the country with the best chance to unify the six countries was Wei.

As for why.

That is, Wei State was the first country to implement reforms during the Warring States Period and succeeded.

Simultaneously.

Wei State was also the number one tyrant in the Warring States period.

"Wow, Teacher Chen Fan has come to our Jin Province."

"Ah, didn't you talk about Qin, why did you go to Jin Province?"

"Although the Qin State is very strong, our Jin State also has a long history. Teacher Chen Fan has said that if the Jin State is not divided into three families, the Jin State is very likely to rule the world."

"Tch, I want to see what's special about Jin Province."

For Jin Province, many people don't have a great impression of him.

after all.

Compared with Qi State, Chu State, Qin State...Jin State does not seem to be particularly powerful.

But actually.

Whether Jin was in the Spring and Autumn Period or the Warring States Period, he was very powerful.

Take the Spring and Autumn Period as an example.

Jin Wengong Chonger of the Jin State was the second tyrant in the Spring and Autumn Period.

This is also the overlord recognized by everyone in history.

As for the King Zhuang of Chu, Duke Mu of Qin, Duke Xiang of Song, King Helu of Wu, King Goujian of Yue...they are all very controversial.

Also.

If calculated according to the alliance of princes in the Central Plains, the state of Jin is not only the second tyrant, but also the third tyrant and the fourth tyrant, and several tyrants, all of which belong to the Jin State.

As for why.

That is, the Jin State was also very powerful after Jin Wengong, and it also united with a group of princes to form an alliance and became the leader of the alliance.

As for Duke Mu of Qin, Duke Xiang of Song, King Zhuang of Chu...they are not recognized by most of the vassal states.

And Qin Mugong only dominates Xirong, strictly speaking, he cannot become the overlord.

As for Song Xianggong.

That's completely parallel imports. If you really want to say it, it's a bit embarrassing to say that he is the overlord.

Reluctantly, King Zhuang of Chu was feared by all countries in the Central Plains, and he can be said to be one of the Five Hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Gou Jian wiped out all the subsequent Wu Wanghe Lu, saying that he is the overlord, which is a bit embarrassing.

Goujian, the king of Yue who was behind, was not recognized by everyone as the overlord, to be honest.

of course.

This is all in the Spring and Autumn period.

Enter the Warring States Period.

Jin is also very powerful.

Ok.

After entering the Warring States period, the state of Jin no longer exists.

He was divided into three countries, Wei, Zhao, and Han.

Nowadays.

Before talking about the unification of Qin, Chen Fan started from Wei Zhaohan.

……

"Hi students, this is the first time I came to Taiyuan University. It is different from many famous schools. When I stepped into Taiyuan University for the first step, I felt the breath of the soil under my feet. It is different from other places. It is like The land where I live. In the Spring and Autumn Period, he called it Jin. Until now, Jin is still the abbreviation of our place.”

As before, Chen Fan gave a lecture at Taiyuan University this time.

At the same time.

A series of media in Jin Province, including CCTV media, jointly broadcast Chen Fan's lecture live.

As for why it is so grand.

In fact, this is also a routine operation.

Because it has always been done this way.

And why has it been done this way before.

That's because what Chen Fan said has absolute historical and cultural value.

Just like what Chen Fan had said before about Chu State and Qi State...they have brought huge historical and cultural heritage to the local area.

"Before we talked about Jin Wengong's dominance of the world in the Spring and Autumn Period, but there is no eternal overlord in the world. In the Warring States Period, Zhao Xiangzi, Wei Hengzi, and Han Kangzi launched a coup. So far, the three families were divided into Jin, and Jin was also divided into Wei. , Zhao, and South Korea. In other words, the division of Jin into the three families is a sign that the Spring and Autumn Period entered the Warring States Period."

The time division from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period is actually controversial.

However, most people believe that the division of the three families into the Jin Dynasty is a sign that the Spring and Autumn Period entered the Warring States Period.

"Although the state of Jin is divided into three, the strength accumulated by the state of Jin is still very strong. Therefore, even if the state of Jin is divided into three, the three countries of Wei, Zhao and Han are still one of the seven heroes of the Warring States period. However, entering the Warring States period Afterwards, during the Warring States period, all the vassal states also obviously felt the external pressure. Unlike the Spring and Autumn Period, the Spring and Autumn Period may still have some etiquette and morality. However, entering the Warring States Period, or at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, each The country began to feel great pressure. At this time, various countries no longer talk about etiquette and morality. In such an era, if you are not careful, your country may be wiped out by other countries."

"So, after entering the Warring States Period, all the vassal states wanted to seek reforms in order to make the country stronger. Wei Guo was the first to reform in the Warring States Period. Through reforms, Wei Guo quickly became strong and became the Warring States Period. No. [-] bully."

Yes.

If we say that the number one overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period was Qi State.

Then.

The number one overlord in the Warring States Period was the State of Wei.

Why is it Wei Guo.

That is because the Wei State implemented reforms.

This reform is called Li Kui Reform.

"Then, here is a question, why is Wei the first reform?"

At this time.

Chen Fan raised a question.

Subsequently.

A map was displayed on the big screen: "This is a map from the Warring States Period. We can see that the territory of the State of Wei is near our Jin Province. In the later period, the territory of the State of Wei expanded eastward, reaching the Central Plains Even, the capital of the State of Wei was set up in Liangcheng, which is now near Kaifeng. But no matter how the territory of the State of Wei expands, you can see that it is always surrounded by various countries.”

"There are Zhao and Yan in the north, Qi in the east, Chu in the south, Qin in the west, and Xirong. Even if you put Wei, Zhao, and South Korea together, they are still surrounded by a lot of big countries. Such a geographical environment , it determines that he will always be in the middle of the war. Because no matter which big country wants to fight for hegemony, he must pass through here. Therefore, if the state of Wei wants not to be destroyed, it must be strong. If it is a little weak, then It is very likely that it will be wiped out by the surrounding powers. For this reason, Wei Guo has an urgent need for reform than other countries."

This is determined by the location of the territory, and it is also determined by nature.

As for why other big countries are not in a hurry to reform, it is also determined by the territory.

Like Qi.

He is near the sea to the east, so there is no need to guard against anyone in the east.

same.

The same is true of Chu State.

To the south of Chu State are some small South Vietnamese countries, even some tribes, so there is no need to take precautions.

The same is true of Qin.

After Qin Guo solved Yiqu, he didn't need to take precautions against his back.

But Wei Guo is not like this.

He is simply east, west, north, south, front, back, left, and right, all surrounded by various major powers.

In such a position, it is almost impossible to sleep.

"The three families were divided into Jin and passed to Wei Wenhou. Wei Wenhou appointed Li Kui to carry out reforms. Li Kui believed that in order to make the Wei State strong, first, the hereditary system of slavery must be abolished. Officials were selected according to their abilities. The hereditary salary was abolished. Second, the well field system was abolished, and private sales of land were allowed. The common people were encouraged to reclaim the land, and farmers were given guidance in production, which greatly improved the productivity of farmers.”

"Third, implement the legal system. For this reason, Li Kui also established Wei's "Fa Jing", which is equivalent to the current constitution. This is also the first set of relatively systematic written codes in Chinese history. Note here, "is not the first set of legal codes in China. Before that, there were legal codes. However, the previous codes were not very perfect and had great defects. A very mature and systematic legal code. Once the code came out, it became the blueprint for the legal codes of later generations."

"The three points mentioned above, the first point is the political reform, the second point is the land reform, and the third point is the legal reform. But these alone are not enough, and the fourth point is needed. The fourth point , That is the military reform. So Li Kui boldly recommended Wu Qi. With the help of Wu Qi, Wei State established the military pawn system and became the world-famous Wei Wuzu. It can almost be said that Wei Wuzu was the first military soldier in the Warring States Period The strongest force."

This is the end.

Through these four reforms, Wei State quickly became strong and became the number one hegemony in the Warring States Period.

"Through Li Kui's reform, Wei State not only became the number one hegemony in the Warring States Period. Moreover, after the death of Wei Wuhou, Wei State's hegemony still maintained for more than 100 years. During these 100 years, almost no country could compete with Wei State. Even Even Qin State, when it met Wei State, not only was it defeated, but also cede land to Wei State for peace."

It can be said.

In the early days of the Warring States period, the most powerful state of Wei was one that no other country dared to provoke.

……

"I'm going, I didn't expect Wei Guo to be so powerful."

"Well, the state of Wei has inherited the foundation of the state of Jin, coupled with the reforms, and met a strong monarch, it is naturally awesome."

"It's just too low-key, otherwise, I thought Qin Qi and Chu were the most powerful in the Warring States period."

"Looking at it now, in the early days of the Warring States period, Qin State, Qi State, and Chu State were also younger brothers in front of Wei State."

Many fans who were watching Chen Fan's live broadcast also sighed.

At the same time.

For the audience near Jin Province, they also lamented the incomparable enthusiasm in their hearts.

After all, they are from Jin Province and have a very strong sense of belonging to Jin Province.

But before.

They don't have much feeling for the state of Jin and the land of Jin.

Or they all think that Jindi is not very good in history, and it may not be very powerful.

But now.

When Chen Fan explained the history of Jin Province, the people of Jin Province felt the same way.

but.

Here comes a problem.

Since Wei Guo is so powerful.

Since the State of Wei has beaten the State of Qin to cede land for peace.

Since Wei Wuzu of Wei State is number one in the world.

Then.

Why didn't Wei Guo rule the world?
Not only did it not rule the world.

Why did the State of Wei decline instead, and was even destroyed by the State of Qin in the end?
Regarding this question, the students of Taiyuan University were also puzzled.

Then a student raised his hand and asked a question.

"Actually, to sum up, there are several reasons why the Wei State could not unify the world. The first reason is that although Li Kui's reform was successful, he was not particularly thorough. He still retained some of the power of the old aristocracy. It also hinders the development of the country. The second reason is the loss of talents in the later period. During the period of Wei Wenhou, Wei Guo had a lot of talents. Wei Wenhou boldly used Li Kui and Zhai Huang as prime ministers. The sheep is the ancestor of Le Yi. In addition, Ximen Bao, Wei Cheng and others were reused. It can be said that Wei Guo was full of talents at that time. But in the later period, Wu Qi was suspected by Wei Wuhou, so he went to Chu State. Originally a military genius Sun Bin He was in the State of Wei, and was murdered by the general of the State of Wei, Pang Juan, and returned to the State of Qi. There was also Gongsun Yang, who came to the State of Qin because he could not be reused in the State of Wei."

"The third reason is also the reason for the improper strategy of the monarch of the Wei State. The Wei State was very powerful in the early stage, killing all directions at one time, and setting up countless enemies. Even Zhao State and South Korea, which were originally both in the Three Jin Dynasties, Wei State became hostile to them. relation."

"The fourth reason is the geographical location mentioned earlier. When the Wei State was strong, there was no problem. However, the Wei State declined a little because its geographical location was surrounded by major countries. Just give other major countries a chance , other great powers will attack Wei State. Just like Qi State sent Sun Bin to attack Wei State, Wei State has become a second-rate country from a first-rate country in the Warring States Period.”

These reasons add up.

It also caused the state of Wei to turn from prosperity to decline.

same.

This series of reasons also made it impossible for Wei to rule the world.

"Of course, there is another reason, that is, after the success of Wei's reform. Other countries also realized the importance of the reform, so they also reformed. It is called Shenzi. Like Li Kui, Shenzi is also a representative of Legalism. Shenzi was originally from the state of Zheng. After South Korea destroyed Zheng, Shenzi came to South Korea and was reused by Han Zhaohou."

"After Shen Zi saw that the reform of the Wei State was going strong, he began to implement the reform in South Korea. The first step, what he did was to strengthen the centralization of the monarchy, take back the privileges of a series of nobles in South Korea, and take back their private soldiers and property. When he arrived at the country. In the second step, he realized the role of weapons in warfare, so he greatly supported the casting technology. At that time, there was a saying that the swords in the world are all made in Han, and the best crossbows in the world are all made in Han. In the third step, Shen The son adopts the rule of art, so that the monarch can manage the country with the rule of art.”

"Teacher Chen Fan, what is surgery?"

Some students did not understand and asked.

"Shenzi proposed the rule of law, originally for the purpose of making the country rich and the people strong. Through the rule of law, the assessment of officials will be strengthened, and rewards will be given for their merits. At the same time, the emperor should not fully trust his courtiers, and even use a series of contradictory courtiers. In this way, the whole country There will be different voices, and for a while, the Korean monarch opens up his voice, and the monarch chooses a more appropriate one from these different voices to govern. Through Shenzi’s governance, Shenzi has been in Korea for 15 years, and South Korea has rapidly become At the same time, no country dared to invade South Korea for 15 years."

Just a pity.

Also because of Shenzi's rule of law, the monarchs of South Korea in the later period began to play out the "rule of surgery".

In the end, the art of surgery was regarded as the art of the emperor.

So South Korea was originally the smallest family in Wei Zhaohan, and it was also surrounded by many countries.

When there is a virtuous monarch, it is better to use the art of the emperor.

But once the strength of the country declines and there is no virtuous monarch, the Korean monarch will directly bring down South Korea if he engages in such tactics.

"On the other hand, the state of Zhao, which was divided into three families, also began to reform during the period of King Wuling of Zhao. The geographical location of Zhao State is in the north of Wei State, close to the Xiongnu, and some ethnic minorities. Therefore, Zhao State is often harassed by some foreigners. , and their fighting methods are different from those of the major vassal states in the Central Plains. These ethnic minorities wear short sleeves, short jackets, and are good at riding horses. King Wuling of Zhao absorbed the combat characteristics of these Hu people and ordered Zhao soldiers to Changed his clothes to short clothes, and then ordered a group of soldiers to learn riding and archery, and established a cavalry. This kind of reform made the strength of Zhao State improve by leaps and bounds in an instant. After the strength of Wei State, Chu State, and Qi State plummeted, Zhao State became The head of the six eastern countries."

So.

Although Wei State was the first to reform and became the number one overlord in the Warring States Period.

But after the rise of other countries, it was impossible for Wei to rule the world.

(End of this chapter)