mortal train conductor

Chapter 203 Train Power Supply Development Catenary Direct Power Supply
my country's railway passenger train power supply methods, from the old-fashioned green leather car to the current new air-conditioned train, mainly experienced four types:
There were no electrical appliances on the early passenger trains, so there was no need to consider power supply issues.With the development of the times, small power appliances such as electric fans and lamps gradually appeared in the train. At that time, the train did not solve the problem of electricity consumption, so it used an axle-driven generator to supply power to the train. When the train was running, the axle passed through the belt. Drive the generator to supply power to the car and charge the battery, which is powered by the battery when parking. This kind of old-fashioned 22-type passenger car is now rare.

In addition, there is a generator car specially installed in the train, and a diesel generator set is installed to form a mobile train power station. The power work of the generator car is controlled by a special switchboard, and the power generated by the generator car passes through the power transmission system throughout the train. The main line and special connectors are sent to each car of the train for the use of electric equipment such as train lighting, electric tea stove, air conditioner and so on.The generator car that Liu Qun was on was equipped with two built-in diesel generator sets, which provided three-phase 2-volt AC power to the train in two routes.

There is also a machine room, a power distribution room, and a crew room (that is, a rest area) on the generator car. When the generator car is working, the crew of the generator car is required to be on duty and waiting in the machine room or power distribution room, and cannot leave people.Now the vehicle department has installed monitoring equipment on the power generation vehicles, which can monitor the key equipment and personnel on duty of all power generation vehicles from the section, which greatly ensures safety.

In order to transmit powerful current to each car, the lower part of each car is equipped with power connectors, and a connecting line with plugs at both ends, commonly known as "big line", connects the power supply lines of the whole train.The power supply mode of the generator car was manufactured according to the technical level and service conditions at that time when my country's railway passenger cars began to apply air-conditioning equipment on a large scale in the middle and late 20s, which played a good role in the large-scale application of air-conditioning equipment on passenger cars. protection role.

But the generator car also has obvious disadvantages, such as low transportation efficiency, high noise, soot pollution, heavy daily maintenance workload, and relatively backward technical level, etc.

There is also the fixed number of trains occupied by generator cars, which reduces the passenger seats, and the generator cars have a large dead weight, which consumes transport capacity.

Recently, more and more power supply methods have been adopted by trains to be direct power supply from locomotives.In the electrified railway line, the electric locomotive raises the pantograph to introduce the high-voltage single-phase AC power supplied by the catenary into the train, and after the voltage is transformed by the transformer, rectifier, current machine and other electrical equipment installed on the train, it is converted into 380 volts, 220 volts 110 volts and [-] volts of alternating current to supply power to air conditioners, electric boilers, lighting control and other equipment and to charge train batteries. Environmental pollution is caused by the need to use diesel generator sets.

A relatively rare train power supply method is to install a small generator set at the bottom of the passenger car, such as RW25 and 25 international passenger cars.The power supply and electrical equipment of this power supply mode are loaded on a car, and the power supply and power consumption system is relatively simple, which is convenient for mobile use.It can be assembled and hung on an air-conditioned train in a large formation, powered by a generator car or locomotive, or it can be powered by itself. It can be assembled in any formation and run on any line. However, due to the limited power of its own generator set, there is no Ability to supply power to other carriages.

Today's trend is that the direct power supply of locomotives is the mainstream, and generator cars are gradually withdrawing from people's field of vision.The key point to decide which power supply method to use is whether there is a catenary on the running line and whether the whole process is drawn by electric locomotives.

The electric locomotive was successfully tested for the first time in Germany in 1881. The advantages of the electric locomotive are many. The first is that it has a large horsepower, pulls more, runs fast, and is full of climbing momentum; the second is that it is clean, does not emit smoke, and does not To pollute the environment, passengers don’t have to worry about thick smoke and exhaust gas even if they pass through the tunnel. The desert is still in a cold area of ​​ice and snow, as long as there is power supply, the train can be pulled day and night.

The train that Liu Qun and the others are in charge of is currently powered by a generator car.However, with the completion of the electrified railway line, dispatching orders have been received, and the three sets of trains of the K18 train will be replaced with 25G direct power supply trains. powered by.

But everything has advantages and disadvantages. The power supply of generator vehicles also has its unique advantages. The power supply of air-conditioned generator vehicles is stable and less affected by external factors. It can run and work in any section. Power is supplied intermittently.

There is also the start-up time of the generator car, which is relatively flexible, and the power supply time for the train is also longer. For example, the generator car can start the machine one hour before the train leaves the warehouse, and the temperature of the car is preheated and preheated in winter and summer respectively. Cold, so that the electric tea stove can quickly boil the water. These preparations have been completed before leaving the warehouse, and the power supply can be maintained for 40 minutes after the train arrives in the warehouse.

However, direct power supply trains must have locomotives to have electricity, so they must be pulled to the platform in advance in the depot. After the locomotive is connected, the temperature of the compartment can be adjusted, and the electric tea stove can start working. Without power supply, we can only rely on the power of the battery to maintain the weak lighting function of the emergency lights.

When the train changes direction or the locomotive is changed in the middle of the train, the time-consuming operation of locomotive line transfer and unhooking will result in a long power outage time, which will cause a large change in the temperature inside the passenger train.

When Liu Qun's team conducted training on direct power supply business, they also learned some knowledge about the direct power supply method. The circuit composition and structure of this power supply method are relatively simple, and there are few equipments. The construction, operation and maintenance are very convenient and the cost is also low.In addition, several on-duty personnel in the vehicle department originally set up in the generator car can be transferred to other jobs with the cancellation of the generator car, saving human resources.

There is a classic line in the famous movie "The Shawshank Redemption", which is about habits: These walls are very interesting. When you first went to prison, you hated the high walls around you, and gradually you got used to living in them.

Habits can be used not only for self-protection, allowing people to quickly adapt to the environment, but also for making continuous progress and forge ahead, or for making people content with being mediocre and doing nothing all day long.Although it shows that knowing that the advantages of locomotive power supply outweigh the disadvantages, all the train staff, including Liu Qun, are still nostalgic for the generator car, because everyone is used to this power supply method.

(End of this chapter)