Cutting 1719

Chapter 388 Undercurrent
In the current market, the biggest problem with square-hole copper coins has always been that private casting cannot be eliminated, and these privately minted copper coins are very chaotic, their quality has seriously declined, and their value has depreciated so much that everyone hopes to keep the high-value official copper coins. In the hands, and the low-value privately minted copper coins are spent, it will lead to bad coins that are popular in the market.

Once this situation persists for a long time, the result will be a gradual increase in bad money, and eventually good money will be eliminated, that is, bad money will drive out good money.

As far as Ningchu is concerned, its official standard copper coins have not been officially released, and the copper coins used are basically the privately minted copper coins and the copper coins of the Qing court, which is obviously not a long-term solution.

Therefore, for Ning Yu, gold and silver coins are very important, but copper coins that are circulating in the hands of ordinary people are even more important. They can better adapt to the needs of the new economic situation and thus completely replace privately minted copper coins on the market.

To solve this problem, it is necessary to use copper coins to recycle all the privately minted copper coins currently on the market through replacement. Then the exchange ratio has a certain point. If the ratio is low, you will lose money. If the ratio is high, you will lose money. No one is willing to exchange it, which is a test of the court's ability and determination in this regard.

Of course, this is also related to the value of the copper coin itself, that is, the copper content of the copper coin itself. If the copper content is too low, it will not be recognized.

Ning Yu looked at the copper coin in his hand, and said in a low voice, "How much is the casting cost of this copper coin? What about the copper content?"

"Reporting to Your Majesty, this big Chu copper dollar currently weighs two coins, contains [-]% copper, and is made of white lead, tin and other materials. It can be worth twelve coins. One hundred copper coins can be exchanged for one silver coin. .”

Ernst has worked hard in this area. This ratio is just a ratio that can be profitable, and the quality of the silver coins produced is also good enough to meet daily circulation.

Of course, this copper coin is worth twelve copper coins, which is also based on the current copper coins on the market. Since the copper content of privately minted copper coins on the market is not high, one tael of silver can roughly be exchanged for one thousand and one hundred coins. To thirteen hundred Wen system money.

Ning Yu also has a certain understanding of these, so he is quite acceptable for this ratio in his heart, but he is still a little worried, that is, although the copper coins are not as good as copper coins, the combined weight of twelve copper coins is heavier than that of copper coins. The copper dollar is much larger, so many people will be more worried about this point.

But after all, there is no way to solve it all at once, and it can only be changed slowly in circulation.So Ning Yu was not that worried. Now he thought of another point to worry about.

"There is another question. Today's copper coin is equivalent to twelve copper coins in the past. So what should we do with such a transaction of less than twelve coins?"

After all, most people spend a day these days, only a few copper coins, like a penny, you can go to the Jiangyuan store to buy a bowl of soy, vinegar, oil and wine, which is called "four bowls and one penny".There is also the price of rice. At the lowest time, you can buy a liter for only five or six renminbi, which is a catty and a half, which is completely enough for the small people to start a fire.

Therefore, even copper coins are actually difficult to completely penetrate the lives of the people. At least for now, a smaller unit of coins is needed to undertake transactions below one yuan of copper coins.

Ernst thought for a while, and quickly said: "Then issue secondary coins, small copper coins of one dime and five cents can be issued instead of using them, but the copper content of the secondary coins should not be so high, otherwise it will be easy to be taken away." Melt off."

Ning Yu nodded slightly, "The fineness of the secondary coins can be lower, and I will strictly crack down on private minting in the market. Those who deserve to be killed will be exiled. This matter must be severely punished."

"Yes, Your Majesty."

After formulating the gold and silver coin system, Ning Yu also issued orders for the minting of new coins and old coins. First of all, the provinces that set up bureaus to mint money in the past are not allowed to mint money on their own. All mints should come from the Ministry of Finance and the central government Banks, as for all kinds of old models currently in use, they should be stopped and discarded immediately, and completely stuck from the source.

In addition, every time the mint mints gold, silver and copper coins of Dachu, it must be submitted to the Ministry of Finance for registration and registration, and the Ministry of Finance will send important officials to inspect at any time. After passing the inspection of the Ministry of Finance, it will be sent to the central government. issued by the bank.

According to Ernst's currency system plan, paper money cannot be used as a real currency in circulation at present, because it does not yet have the conditions for large-scale distribution. Only when the new gold, silver and copper coins completely replace other currency in circulation on the market can it be considered as a A supplement, issued by the central bank.

Regarding this point, Ning Yu still has some psychological preparations in his heart. After all, he can’t become a fat man in one sitting. It is already very difficult to unify the currency system and turn gold, silver and copper coins into mainstream copper coins. affect people's confidence.

As for the technical problems of coinage itself, it lies in the coinage machine itself, as well as the ratio of materials and other aspects.

In today's era, China's coinage technology is still the traditional mother coin foundry process, which is mainly divided into three steps. The first step is to use tin blocks or other materials to manually make coins according to the pre-designed coin shape, and to write them. Qian Wendiao chiseled out the money sample, which is the mother's money.

After you have the mother money, you start to use the mother money to make clay forms, and then take out the carved mother, open the sprue, sprue and sprue on the surface form and the back form, and then put the finished surface form in turn. Combine the box with the back fan, tie it with a rope, and then pour the melted copper water box by box. After cooling, take out the cast mother money from the box and polish it.

This craft has not changed much since it became popular in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. This is something that makes Ning Yu more depressed, because there is no better improvement trend, but it can no longer meet the current demand for casting coins.

According to Ernst, Europe is currently making coins by machine, and there are two main ways of making coins, one is stamping and the other is rolling.

The so-called coin stamping is to use a screw press to replace the traditional hammering process.This kind of machine is actually manpower twisting the screw on the top of the machine, so that a mold is lowered and hits the mold on the other side where the coin blank is placed, so as to realize coin making. However, this coin making method still requires a lot of manpower, so it is not currently considered. Popularity.

In Europe at present, the method of rolling coins is more popular, that is, engraving the mold on two parallel cylindrical rollers, and then using the rollers to roll the bar-shaped coin blanks, and then the rolled graphics from The bar-shaped coin is cut from the billet. This process can greatly speed up the coinage speed, and the pattern formed by rolling is clearer and more uniform, and the coin looks more exquisite.

Because of so many advantages, this technology is now being used in many European countries, and large Taylor silver coins with exquisite shapes are minted in this way.Later, in order to better develop this technology, water turbines were also used to drive rolling to increase production.

Of course, this technology is not completely without disadvantages, mainly because it is rolled out by two rollers, and the minted coins are prone to some bending. In addition, the synchronization rate between the two rollers must be perfectly matched. If there is a slight deviation, It will cause misalignment of the embossed pattern.

"Your Majesty, in terms of the current coinage technology, I suggest that you choose the method of hydraulic rolling coinage, which can quickly and massively produce coins." Ernst said softly. For Ning Chu right now, there is an urgent need Create a large amount of new currency within a short period of time, so as to complete the exit of old copper coins.

However, for Ning Yu, this is not the best measure. He shook his head slowly and said softly: "Ernst, the research and development of the steam engine is very fast now, and it has entered the final adjustment stage. If the steam engine is applied to Is it feasible in stamping coin technology?"

"Steam engine!"

Ernst's eyes lit up, and he quickly understood what Ning Yu meant, and said repeatedly: "Your Majesty, you are simply a genius! The current efficiency of stamping coins is purely due to manual labor. It can realize rapid mass production of coins, and the stamped coins will not have the problem of bending, and the misprint rate will be greatly reduced!"

Ning Yu has a smile on his face. This is the magic power of the steam engine. As long as it can be used, it can bring earth-shaking changes to many industries. Therefore, with the steam engine, there is everything in the industrial age!
In particular, there is another advantage, that is, coins made by stamping with steam engines cannot be forged by traditional casting techniques. It can be said that as long as coins made by this process are used for a long time, there is no need to worry Some people will forge, which can effectively prevent counterfeit coins from rampant in the market.

After this series is finalized, the new currency system is promulgated to the whole world through the cabinet through the emperor's edict.Of course, due to production time issues, the official release date is scheduled for the first day of July in the second half of the year. At that time, anyone can hold copper coins, silver taels, gold, etc. to exchange.

Of course, the behavior of changing the currency this time is also very normal, because any emperor will start to mint new coins with his own year name at the beginning of his enthronement, and there are not many such as Ning Yu who have been delayed until the second year, so this matter The matter did not cause too much disturbance.

What really caused waves was the promulgation of new gold, silver and copper coins, and several regulations, one of which was the gold and silver control regulations, that is, after the standard gold, silver and copper coins were issued, gold and silver could not be directly used for trading in daily transactions, while It is necessary to go to the bank to exchange it into currency to realize the transaction. The exchange ratio is one tael of silver for one yuan of silver coin, and one tael of gold for one yuan of gold coin. The exchange ratio fluctuates with gold and silver.

The second is the traditional square-hole copper coins, which need to be exchanged for new currencies within one year after the new coins are issued. Among them, twelve copper coins can be exchanged for one yuan of copper coins, [-] copper coins can be exchanged for one yuan of silver dollars, and one silver dollar can be exchanged for one hundred yuan. Copper coins.After one year expired, the traditional square hole copper coins completely withdrew from the market.

Regarding this item, although many people feel strange, they are not too opposed to it, because in their daily life, it is very troublesome to use silver taels, and it will be easier to exchange them in this way. As for the others, they have no idea , after all, the new currency will be issued for a long time.

In the capital city in April, the weather is gloomy and uncertain, just like people's hearts, they are in constant panic.

At the same time, a rumor began to circulate in Zhili and Shandong that Emperor Yongzheng's succession to the throne was improper. The fourth brother secretly changed the word "transfer to the fourteenth elder brother" to "pass to the fourth elder brother" to obtain a big position.

The rumors spread so well that even the people who participated in it at the time said it, such as Long Ke Duo Qingtian, Zhang Tingyu's revision of the will, these things are naturally not worth mentioning in the eyes of real insiders. But it has considerable credibility among the people.

In fact, this is the aftermath of the rebellion during the reign of Emperor Kangxi. Several princes fought openly and secretly, but they lifted the fig leaf on the bright side. Therefore, even if Yongzheng succeeded to the throne dignifiedly, there were still many doubts, so that this conspiracy Talk about being popular.

When everyone thinks that what they know is the truth, the result often becomes more ridiculous and sad.

If it were placed in the past, these rumors would naturally not have any impact on Yongzheng, but now with the implementation of measures such as Yongzheng's reclamation of Manchuria, the removal of hard-core crops in the Eight Banners, and the sharing of people into acres, it has become a real concern for many interested people. As a tool to attack Yongzheng, they tried to discredit Yongzheng's position and deny everything about Yongzheng.

"Hey, brothers, you have to understand that his fourth son is not in the right place! In order to be the emperor, he killed so many people under our banner, and now he has become a demon. The knives have been used on us banner men!"

A few well-dressed men were sitting around at this time, talking to a man with a scar on his face, with a sneer on the corner of his mouth, "Now his fourth son wants to drive us all back to Manchuria, so why not?" Let him sit firmly in this position, this is to destroy the foundation of my Eight Banners in the customs!"

"That is, he recruited so many Han people into the Eight Banners before, and now let us real Eight Banners return to Manchuria. What is his idea, the fourth one, really thinks that we Banners can't see it?"

"Hmph! He really underestimated the heroes of the world!"

The men next to them started clamoring. They were originally the flesh and blood of the Eight Banners in Beijing. It can be said that they have been in this capital since they were born. They are all masters who are used to enjoying it. How can they be convinced to send them back to Manchuria?
The man with the scar on his face saw the turmoil of the crowd, and immediately said in a low voice: "Brothers, you have to understand that this world originally belonged to our General! Changed the will, otherwise what would happen to him?"

As soon as this was mentioned, it caused everyone to sigh and sigh, and there were many people who were very angry.

"If the Great General became the emperor, how could our Eight Banners have suffered so much and suffered so much? He understands our Eight Banners' heart best, and the world is letting people like the fourth one go to hell!"

(End of this chapter)