Riding the wind of rebirth
Chapter 1472 Mysterious Culture
Chapter 1472 Mysterious Culture
Looking at the photos taken, Zhou Zhi could easily distinguish the characteristics of Daxi culture shown in this excavation.
It's not that the level of thoughtfulness is high, but that the Daxi culture's funeral method is so unique that it is almost unique in China. Anyone who knows it can see it at a glance.
Because the Daxi culture adopted bent-limb burial.
The tomb in the photo is an oval-shaped tomb for two people. The left side is sideways and the limbs are bent, and the right side is supine and bent. It is a typical tomb in the middle period of the Daxi Culture.
Seeing Zhou Zhi pick up the photo of the burial pit, Sheng Zhaoming simply started talking about the burial methods: "The burial customs here are very unique. So far, we have discovered more than 300 Daxi culture tombs. Among them, Daxi cemeteries have the largest number of human bones. It’s also better preserved.”
“In early tombs, people were mainly buried with their bodies upright, but they were also buried with their bodies bent over and sideways.”
"The heads of the deceased in the cemeteries excavated this time generally faced south. Except for a few tombs where adult women and children were buried together, most of them were buried alone."
"More than half of the burials are with straight limbs, mainly with the body lying on its back. They are basically early burials."
“In the middle period, burials were generally carried out with bent limbs, most of which were on the back, but there are also several special methods: one is buried with the feet pressed under the hip bones, forming a supine and kneeling posture; the other is buried with the lower limbs upward Bend your back and squat down."
"The lower limbs of the latter two burial styles are greatly bent, indicating that there were certain funeral rituals, and the deceased was tied up before being buried."
"Then have the meanings of these burial styles been deciphered?" Zhou Zhi felt that the ancient civilization of Bashan and Shushui was really full of mystery.
"There are many theories now, but they are all speculations." Sheng Zhaoming pointed to a squatting skeleton that was hugged into a ball and was about to speak, when Zhou Zhi spoke first: "This feels like the image of a baby in the mother's body. "
"Yes." Sheng Zhaoming said yes: "This is also the most popular guess at present, but there is a lack of other evidence and it cannot explain why it coexists with several other burial styles."
"For example, this one." Sheng Zhaoming picked out another photo: "This is a tomb with straight limbs and a total of six people in the tomb."
"It would be nice to know about such special cases. It's a waste of brains." Zhou Zhi couldn't laugh or cry: "It's like a single character in an oracle bone inscription. The possibility of deciphering it is almost zero."
"Hahaha..." Sheng Zhaoming said with a smile: "Then we will still talk about universal laws."
"We found that the vast majority of tombs contain burial objects, with the largest number being more than 30, which shows that burials have formed a certain system and even rituals."
After speaking, he placed a few photos in front of Zhou Zhi: "Generally, women's tombs have more burial objects than men's tombs. Some of the stone bracelets, ivory bracelets and other accessories were still worn on the arm bones of the deceased when they were unearthed."
"In late period tombs, men began to show more burial objects than women. However, the overall number of burial objects was less than in the middle period."
"Does this mean that the Daxi culture was at its most prosperous in the late matrilineal clan society, and then gradually declined as it moved towards a patrilineal clan society?"
"Is it possible that it's the other way around?" Sheng Zhaoming said: "Because the increase in population has led to a decrease in per capita living materials, and more fishing, hunting and exploration are needed, so men have become the main force in society, and eventually a patriarchal clan society has been formed?"
This inference is obviously more scientific than Zhou Zhi's statement. Zhou Zhi compared the photos of the early, middle and late Daxi culture handed to him by Sheng Zhaoming and found that the middle period of Daxi culture, the late matriarchal society, was the most "arrogant". "In these mid-term tombs, whole fish bones and tortoise shells were found. Some placed the fish on the body of the deceased, some placed it near the mouth, and some placed two large fish under each arm. "Sheng Zhaoming said: "This kind of fish burial is very rare in Chinese Neolithic culture. Except for a series of discoveries in Daxi culture, it is rarely found in other Neolithic cultural sites. "
"There are turquoise dragon-shaped funerary objects in the Liangzhu Culture. Sanxingdui has a large number of fish-shaped carvings and waterfowl decorations. Could this be the origin of this funerary form?"
"Your imagination is a bit too rich." Sheng Zhaoming shook his head: "If it is as you said, then burial with fish should become a common phenomenon, even if the nobles and upper class would use jade and metal decorated with fish shapes for burial Things, what about the common people? Should they also keep their old customs?”
"So I prefer them to be independent cultural forms."
"Not to mention the differences with external cultures, even the sites within the Daxi cultural system are actually different." Sheng Zhaoming continued: "For example, in Maojiashan, Jiangling, we discovered the phenomenon of dogs being sacrificed. The burial system for children and adults in Daxi Cemetery is basically the same, but at Honghuatao and Guanmiaoshan sites, urn coffins are used.”
Zhou Zhi truly understood the difference between amateur and professional, and couldn't help but think of many civil sciences on the Internet in later generations. In the final analysis, it was because ordinary people knew too little, and used their limited knowledge and brain processing to create some shocking things. Conclusion to gain traffic.
To use one of Lao Guo's metaphors, netizens can seriously discuss the possibility of using matches to launch rockets, but if a real rocket expert gets involved in this topic, he has already lost.
For example, Zhou Zhi connected the fish burial ceremony of the Daxi Culture with the fish and bird worship of the ancient Shu Culture in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the fish and dragon worship of the Liangzhu Culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It seems reasonable, but in fact, experts shook their heads when they heard it.
"But exchanges between cultures do exist." Sheng Zhaoming said: "We have a lot of evidence in this regard."
"The residents of the Daxi Culture mainly engaged in rice farming. We often find traces of straw and rice husks in the red-burned earth clods in the remains of house buildings. The traces of rice husk at the Honghuatao site have been identified as stem rice."
"In addition to raising pigs and dogs, from the discoveries at the Daxi, Sanyuan Palace, and Dingjiagang sites, chickens, cattle, and sheep may have also become poultry and livestock."
"At the same time, auxiliary economies such as fishing, hunting, and gathering still account for a certain proportion. Especially in the cultural layer in some areas of Daxi, there are many fish bones and animal bones, including fish, turtles, turtles, clams, snails and other aquatic animals. and the remains of wild boar, deer, tiger, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant, etc.”
"Of course, among these remains, the thickest ones are the accumulation of fish bones, which shows that fishing had become the main production activity in the Three Gorges area at that time."
"These characteristics, especially rice farming, can be completely associated with cultural sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River."
"There is also architecture. The foundations of houses found in Honghuatao and Guanmiao Mountain have generally been barbecued to strengthen the foundation, and have become red-burnt earth buildings."
"Bamboo is mostly used as building material. There are two types of buildings: semi-crypt type and ground type. The former is often round, while the latter is mostly square or rectangular. For houses built on the ground, wall foundation trenches are often dug first, and then clay is mixed in. The broken pieces of burned earth are filled in, bamboo pieces or small tree trunks are braided between the pillars in the wall, and the inside and outside are plastered with mud.”
"Pillar holes are distributed indoors, and a stove pit is dug or a square fire pond is built with earth ridges. In the lower part of the hard surface of the house, a large amount of braised earth is often used to lay a thick cushion, which is both strong and moisture-proof."
"The roof is laid with bamboo slices and plant stems, and then clay mixed with a small amount of rice husk and straw powder is applied. Some houses also have eaves pillar holes or special eaves corridors, or a section of braised earth slag floor is laid outside the wall. , forming the original loose water.”
"These characteristics are also very close to the characteristics of many cultural sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River."
(End of this chapter)
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