Riding the wind of rebirth

Chapter 1473 Mutual Influence

"But it still doesn't seem to explain the direct connection between various cultures." Zhou Zhi continued: "Everyone grows rice and uses fishery as the main source of meat. This can be explained by the fact that the products in the Three Gorges area and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are close, which is equivalent to what you would find in Africa. You can only eat zebras and crocodiles, and you can only eat kangaroos and emus in Oceania. It’s not determined by the culture, but by the products in the place where the culture is located.”

"The same goes for buildings. In order to adapt to the climate conditions in the south, housing construction generally adopts a variety of technical measures that are beneficial to moisture-proof, rain-proof, and heat-proof. This is equivalent to the fact that under the same subsequent conditions, in order to make themselves comfortable, people After repeated practice, everyone has gained similar experience and similar building materials, and developed similar building technologies. In fact, they all reach the same goal through different approaches. "

"Yes, we must be rigorous when doing archeology." Sheng Zhaoming said: "When examining cultural relevance, the most important thing is actually special cultural symbols."

"The pottery and stone tools unearthed here are quite unique. There are many bone tools and are well preserved, as well as jade wares."

"The most distinctive stone tools are stone chisels with symmetrical edges sharpened on both sides. There are very few perforated stone shovels and stone adzes with slanted shoulders, and occasionally giant stone axes up to thirty or forty centimeters long. At the same time, there are a considerable number of stone hoes and oval-shaped stone tools. Stone cutters and other stone tools.”

"Of course, the most obvious cultural characteristics of the Neolithic Age were pottery and jade."

"The pottery of the Daxi Culture can be summarized into three periods. In the early period, the most common ones were red pottery with charcoal inserts. The stamp patterns were simple and small, and there were very few painted pottery, represented by pots with folded shoulders, three-legged plates, and drum-shaped pedestals. "

“In the middle period, stamping patterns became more developed and painted pottery flourished. Commonly seen were inwardly folded rim-encircled foot plates, Gui, high-handled beans, folded-belly basins, curved-belly cups, cylindrical bottles, etc.”

“In the late period, clay pottery was absolutely dominant, gray pottery and black pottery increased dramatically, and various display vessels began to appear, including thin-necked pots, folded-neck ring-footed bowls, etc.”

"Among the remains, the majority of the remains are pottery with charcoal, while the proportion of pottery with sand is always very small, and even less with white pottery. The most common types of pottery are ring-foot plates and pottery gui, and typical pottery is painted pottery cylindrical bottles."

"Various groups of stamp patterns are popular on the circle feet. The painted pottery patterns include horizontal herringbone patterns and curved grid patterns. Some shapes and colorful patterns are obviously greatly influenced by the temple ditch type of the Yangshao Culture."

"On the north and northwest shores of Dongting Lake in the lower reaches, the remains are of another type. This type of remains has a larger proportion of sand-inlaid pottery, reddish-brown black leather pottery and white pottery also occupy a certain amount, with distinctive plate Ring-shaped cans and cylindrical round-bottomed cans.”

"There are few ring-footed plates, and only a few painted pottery cylindrical bottles have been found. They are characterized by printed and carved patterns throughout the body. Swirl patterns and modified curling cloud patterns are also characteristic of the painted pottery. So far, no traces of painted pottery found to be influenced by the Miaodigou type have been found. signs.”

"This is interesting." Zhou Zhi pondered: "The Sanyuan Palace type is downstream of the Daxi type, closer to the Yangshao culture. As a result, the Daxi culture has integrated the influence of foreign cultures, and the Sanyuan Palace type is more The place close to it retains more of the characteristics of Daxi and is not affected by Yangshao? "

"Actually, I am more inclined to think that the Sanyuan Palace type is another independent primitive culture type that is strongly influenced by Daxi." Sheng Zhaoming has his own opinion: "It is not the most authentic birthplace of Daxi culture, but it is the most authentic. An independent place that remains relatively independent even as Daxi culture gradually blends into other cultures.”

"There are many such examples in history." Zhou Zhi said: "For example, in the Song Dynasty, the Tibetan people around the Central Plains Dynasty were often divided into raw Tibetan people and cooked Tibetan people."

"Shufan is the earliest native cultural tribe. Because of its strength in the region, it was recognized by the royal power of the Central Plains. It had the most exchanges with the Central Plains dynasty and received the greatest influence, and eventually became the Shufan; while those who are closer to the Central Plains, but because of the cards Small tribes that don’t have enough food and don’t get the benefits of the central dynasty are still living in Tibet.”

"If there is nothing new in the history books, your reasoning is reasonable." Sheng Zhaoming believes that Zhou Zhi is right: "Judging from the unearthed artifacts, the relationship between Daxi culture and other cultures should be that of the culture downstream. The Qujialing Culture, the Qingliangang Culture and the Hemudu Culture further downstream all have factors of mutual exchange and influence. ""The Daxi Culture and the Yangshao Culture both have similar shapes, but each has its own system of folding basins and convergence. Pottery such as bowls and jars with small mouths and straight collars reflect the shapes and styles of utensils popular in the north and south during the same period."

“On the other hand, for example, the pottery beans, bowls, and cylindrical bottle-type slender pedestals found in the early 1st and 2nd phases of Xiawanggang in Xichuan are products influenced by the Daxi culture;”

“The painted pottery pots with dot hook leaf and petal patterns, the painted pottery bowl pieces with hanging silk patterns, and the double-layered small pointed bottom bottle pieces found in Daxi, Guanmiao Mountain, Honghuatao and other places are from the Yangshao culture. A physical example of the southward influence of the Miaodigou type.”

"The craftsmanship of these pottery is already quite high." Zhou Zhi picked up a fine clay pottery curved cup that still needs to be repaired: "This tire is only about a millimeter, right? It is also painted in red, and the pattern combines strips and swirls. It’s considered a work of art.”

"Why is the firing temperature above 800 degrees?"

"Boss, do you also do research on Neolithic pottery?" Sheng Zhaoming was a little surprised: "If you don't, please stay a little longer. I'm a little busy at this time..."

Zhou Zhi was so frightened that he waved his hands repeatedly: "No, no, I have more research on porcelain, but ceramics are not divided into different families. The level of thin-bodied painted pottery is not low if it is fired like this."

"But it's still inferior to the high-temperature black-glazed eggshell pottery unearthed from Qujialing," Zhou Zhi continued.

Eggshell pottery is an important feature of Longshan culture. The hollow processing of the pottery cup is only 0.2 millimeters thin, reaching a superb level.

However, at the Qujialing site in the lower reaches of Daxi, an eggshell pottery cup of high-temperature black-glazed pottery was discovered. It is the earliest high-temperature black-glazed pottery technology discovered in China so far.

"Your estimates are almost all right." Sheng Zhaoming expressed his admiration for Zhou Zhi: "We found a relatively well-preserved kiln site at the Huachenggang site. It consists of three parts: a slope-shaped fire channel, a fire chamber and a smoke outlet. Under the fire chamber Half of it is dug into raw soil, and the upper part is made of large pieces of red-fired earth. There is no kiln on the fire chamber. There is a platform around the inside of the kiln wall for placing ceramic blanks. After we copied it and tested it, we found that the firing temperature was at. Between 750 degrees and 880 degrees.”

"So the Qujialing culture should actually be where the Daxi culture developed?" Zhou Zhi asked.

Because the locations of the two cultures are very close, and there is great fusion of cultural characteristics, the technological level of the Qujialing culture is higher than that of the Daxi culture, so it is easy for people to have thoughtful thoughts.

"Well, that's not necessarily the case." Sheng Zhaoming said: "After all, the two cultures have existed for a very long time. It is entirely possible that they developed independently first and then influenced each other."

"You can't just look at the origin time of two cultures, but also their duration. Although the Qujialing culture appeared later than the Daxi culture, the two coexisted for nearly a thousand years, and you superego appeared in the middle Rushing is very normal.”

(End of this chapter)