medical simulator

"Have you ever learned about the specific mechanism of action of brain-derived neural factors? It is not as popular as the other pathways?" Zhou Cheng asked more precisely and deeply, from a purely academic point of view.

Modern scholarship can be divided into pure scholarship and pandering scholarship. For real academic issues, if you want to go very deep, the depth will reach a very precise angle. Every step you take, there are too many complicated possibilities.

Basically, it is difficult to exhaust them in a short period of time. This is because a Ph.D. or research team who really knows how to be an academic will not be afraid of not being able to publish articles, but only to see how meaningful the published articles are.

But in fact, many articles are just to promote the development of the discipline, and will not directly touch the threshold of the next stage of the development of the discipline. From the overall point of view, it needs a process of accumulating and accumulating to break through in one fell swoop!
Yang Yifeng looked at Zhou Cheng, and knew that Zhou Cheng would not target indiscriminately.

But Zhou Cheng's question, he couldn't answer for a while, so he said: "Just wait for me."

After finishing speaking, Yang Yifeng closed his eyes a little bit and began to meditate, as if he was extracting something.

In reality, Yang Yifeng has never really shown his true strength and original complete talent.

But in the simulated world, Zhou Cheng knew that Yang Yifeng seemed unreliable, but he actually had a strong knowledge reserve and knowledge system. Moreover, Yang Yifeng's reserve and system were different from others. For storage, it is necessary to temporarily organize and extract the corresponding key ingredients——

Yang Yifeng often browses articles and memorizes them, but he doesn’t analyze them in depth. Being able to remember them with a photographic memory doesn’t mean that everything he memorizes will be refined into his own.

Zhou Cheng didn't bother Yang Yifeng either!
Ding Changle and others were even more afraid to speak, because the background listed by Yang Yifeng just now exceeded the in-depth research content of most general fund projects.

Huaguo's current general research projects are basically problems involving simple pathways, which are already considered very in-depth!
For each disease, there will be many pathways, including popular and non-popular pathways, and then start to play marginal cards, use effective drugs to act on cells, and see if the drugs can increase the level of expression of the corresponding pathways, so as to verify Whether the drug has a promoting or negative effect on a certain disease.

This is very in-depth, and it can be regarded as a top-level research project.

However, the rebound that Yang Yifeng touched this time is obviously not such a simple matter.

However, Yang Yifeng did not keep everyone waiting for a long time, and said: "BDNF's mechanism of action on nerve repair, or the promotion of neuronal connections, mainly has the following aspects."

"Promotes the growth and connection of neurons
"BDNF can stimulate the growth cones of neurons and promote the growth and connection of neurons. After BDNF binds to its high-affinity receptor TrkB, it can activate a variety of signaling pathways, such as Akt, ERK, CREB and other pathways, and then promote the growth of neurons. Growth and synapse formation. In addition, another mechanism of BDNF is to promote neuronal connections by regulating synaptic plasticity. BDNF can strengthen synaptic connections, thereby promoting the maturation and survival of neurons.

"Promote the metabolism of neurons

"BDNF can promote the metabolism of neurons, improve the level of energy metabolism, enhance the stability of cell membranes and prevent oxidative stress. BDNF can promote the energy metabolism of neurons and improve the metabolism of cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. In addition, BDNF also It can enhance the stability of neuron cell membrane and prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress by activating NF-κB signaling pathway.

"Reduce apoptosis

"BDNF can reduce the apoptosis of neurons, and enhance the anti-apoptotic ability of cells by activating Akt and other signaling pathways. BDNF can regulate cell apoptosis through two receptors, TrkB and p75NTR, and the activation of TrkB receptors can be activated through Akt Signaling pathway to inhibit cell apoptosis, p75NTR receptor activation can promote cell apoptosis.

"The regulatory pathways mainly include TrkB receptor, p75NTR receptor, CREB signaling pathway, ERK signaling pathway, and Akt signaling pathway. The current level of research on cell experiments is roughly the same."

"You mean, I want to find a suitable point by exploring the role of BDNF in these pathways?"

Hearing this, Zhou Cheng nodded and shook his head, ignoring the addition of other people's eyes: "TrkB is a receptor, a high-affinity receptor for BDNF. Activating TrkB will promote the growth and connection of neurons, promote cell metabolism and reduce cell apoptosis." Death."

"To sum up, promote metabolism and reduce apoptosis."

"p75NTR is a low-affinity receptor for BDNF. It binds to TrkB to enhance TrkB signaling and enhance neuronal growth and connection. However, the activation of p75NTR can also promote cell apoptosis, so its regulation is very important .”

"To sum up, regulation."

"CREB is a transcription factor that can promote the expression and release of BDNF by activating the CREB signaling pathway. BDNF can activate the CREB signaling pathway by activating the TrkB receptor, forming a positive feedback regulatory loop."

"It's positive feedback."

"ERK signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for BDNF to promote neuron growth and connection. The activation of ERK can promote neuron growth and connection, and also plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. BDNF can activate TrkB to stimulate body to activate the ERK signaling pathway."

"This is equivalent to a bypass."

"Akt signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway for BDNF to regulate apoptosis. The activation of Akt can inhibit cell apoptosis and enhance the ability of cells to resist apoptosis. BDNF can activate Akt signaling pathway by activating TrkB receptor." Zhou Chengkan And talking.

But after Zhou Cheng almost repeated the main mechanism of action of the several pathways mentioned by Yang Yifeng, Yang Yifeng said in amazement: "How many articles have you memorized? How many years have you memorized the front?"

Yang Yifeng's words drew Ding Changle's cough, which seemed to be a signal to tell Yang Yifeng not to speak too bluntly, otherwise it would be too monstrous, and the wind would destroy it.

After all, there is still Jiang Hong in person.

Jiang Hong is a little stupid.

It's okay to say that the things Yang Yifeng and Zhou Cheng said were found out, but it's a bit too evil to say it like this.

The rest of the graduate students and PhD students were dumbfounded, because any of what Zhou Cheng and Yang Yifeng said was probably enough to support their graduation. The level of doctoral students in the world has not yet reached such an unbelievable height. Just go down two levels and you can graduate easily.

For some looser majors, it is not difficult to graduate at a molecular level.

Zhou Cheng ignored it and continued: "We can find that TrKB is a special link and adjustment point."

"Then, we can focus on the more upstream regulatory nodes regulated by TrKB:

"Neuron surface molecules: Neuron surface molecules such as Integrin, NCAM, L1, N-cadherin, etc. can regulate the expression, distribution and signal transduction of TrkB receptors.

"Signal transduction regulatory enzymes: Signal transduction regulatory enzymes such as SH2, PTP, GSK3β, etc. can regulate the activity and stability of the TrkB signaling pathway.

"Extracellular matrix components: Extracellular matrix components such as Laminin, Fibronectin, Collagen, etc. can regulate the adhesion, growth and connection of neurons.

"There are further downstream regulatory nodes:

"MEF2: MEF2 is a transcription factor involved in neuronal development and maturation that can be regulated by CREB and NF-κB signaling pathways.

"mTOR: mTOR is a cellular metabolic regulatory protein that plays an important role in neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity, and can be regulated by Akt and PI3K signaling pathways.

"MAPKAPK2: MAPKAPK2 is a cytoskeletal regulatory protein that plays an important role in neuronal morphology and connectivity and can be regulated by the ERK signaling pathway.

"Bcl-2 family: The Bcl-2 family is a group of proteins that regulate apoptosis, which plays an important role in the survival and death of neurons, and can be regulated by the Akt signaling pathway and the NF-κB signaling pathway."

At this moment, in the eyes and ears of other people, what Zhou Cheng said has become, ji li gua la, ji li gua la, just like a foreign language.

But Yang Yifeng listened very seriously.

Zhou Cheng continued: "So we can focus on more detailed areas, such as the messenger mRNA that promotes the regulation of BDNF."

"There are mainly the following—"

"BDNF mRNA: BDNF mRNA is the gene encoding the ligand BDNF of the TrkB signaling pathway, which is widely expressed in neurons and can activate the signaling pathway after binding to the TrkB receptor.

Ntrk2 mRNA: Ntrk2 mRNA is the gene encoding the TrkB receptor, which is widely expressed in neurons and can activate signaling pathways after binding to BDNF.

RasGRP1 mRNA: RasGRP1 mRNA encodes Ras guanyl releasing protein 1, which is a protein involved in signal transduction and plays an important role in the TrkB signaling pathway.

Pten mRNA: Pten mRNA encodes protein tyrosine phosphatase, which can regulate the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby affecting the growth and survival of neurons.

Gab1 mRNA: Gab1 mRNA encodes cytokine receptor tyrosine kinase binding protein 1, which regulates the activity of the TrkB signaling pathway.

Shc mRNA: Shc mRNA encodes the SHC transcription factor, which plays an important role in the TrkB signaling pathway. "

When he got here, Zhou Cheng paused for a while, and after Yang Yifeng calmed down for about a minute or two, he also saw that everyone put down their pens.

But only Zhou Cheng and Yang Yifeng knew that the depth of the current discussion was still not enough to support Yang Yifeng to solve the current problem.It's not yet time to wake up Yang Yifeng.

"The main factors affecting the mRNA level of transcription of BDNF, and there are some 6"

"Nerve growth factor (NGF): NGF can activate PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways through TrkA receptors, thereby affecting the activity of TrkB signaling pathways and the expression levels of related mRNAs.

"Inflammatory factors: Inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α can affect the activity of TrkB signaling pathway and the expression level of related mRNA by activating JAK-STAT, NF-κB and other signaling pathways.

"Neuron activity: Neuron activity can affect the activity of TrkB signaling pathway and the expression level of related mRNA through Ca2+, CREB and other signaling pathways.

"miRNA: miRNA is a type of non-coding RNA that can affect its translation and degradation by binding to mRNA targets, thereby affecting the expression level of TrkB signaling pathway-related mRNA.

"Transcription factors: Transcription factors such as CREB, NFKB, STAT3, etc. can regulate the expression level of mRNA related to TrkB signaling pathway."

"Yi Feng, have you found out? The three layers are actually a spherical body, and the one in the center is not these popular targets, but BDNF, a less popular target. I think You can work harder on this..."

"Maybe it can provide you with some ideas to solve the current problem."

After Zhou Cheng finished speaking, Yang Yifeng nodded and closed his eyes again, not knowing what he was thinking about.

And just after Zhou Cheng babbled for a while, Jiang Hong slammed the table: "Professor Ding, who was it that rumored that our doctor Zhou Cheng was just a scalpel doctor?"

"If I find out about this again, I will tear his mouth apart."

"Whether it is a thesis doctor or a scalpel doctor, it is not enough to describe our Dr. Zhou. Even if it is placed in the field of internal medicine, Zhou Cheng said that he is the fifth, and he dares to call himself the top four. It is very difficult in China. Find it out?" Jiang Hong's words were extremely complicated.

There is admiration, unwillingness, loneliness, happiness, and an inexplicable sourness.

Why does such a talent end up in orthopedics?This is simply a genius who was born for neurosurgery, why did he go to the carpenter's department?
After Ding Changle felt the different taste in Jiang Hong's words, he immediately said: "Professor Jiang, you reminded me rightly, I think that Dr. Zhou in our department is indeed a bit inferior to him, a little overqualified the meaning of."

"But it's better to have a comprehensive resume."

"Professor Jiang, don't forget that the lancet that our Dr. Zhou holds in clinical practice is not an ordinary lancet. That's why I asked him to be in charge of the trauma center." Ding Changle said Not only explained it to Jiang Hongzai, but also explained it to Zhou Cheng.

In fact, when Zhou Cheng stepped into the field of rehabilitation and made such a big move, Ding Changle carefully considered Zhou Cheng's future development direction and the speed of his professional title promotion.

I thought to wait for a while and press it again. After all, Zhou Cheng's promotion speed was a bit too fast.

But now it seems that if you really want to make the best use of everything, you still have to promote Zhou Cheng to associate professor as soon as possible, so that he can completely let go of his hands and feet.

Zhou Cheng actually found a way to solve a topic paper published in the journal of science, a way to go one step further. This kind of ability is simply unimaginable.

Zhou Cheng just smiled and said, "Professor Ding, Professor Jiang, I just discussed this direction with Yi Feng, but I didn't come up with anything."

Zhou Cheng can point it out, but in view of the 'damage' he caused to Luo Yun before, Zhou Cheng held back a little bit this time and asked Yang Yifeng to pierce the last layer of window paper by himself. To the door of the window.

Such a sense of breakthrough and support is the real position of being both a teacher and a friend, instead of carrying Yang Yifeng and throwing Yang Yifeng into the door.

Sure enough, Yang Yifeng did not disappoint Zhou Cheng!
After Zhou Cheng finished speaking, he pursed his lips: "I probably know what to do next. Thank you Zhou Cheng, thank you master, thank you Professor Jiang, and thank you fellow brothers."

"Master, for this subject, I have to do it as soon as possible, so in the next period of time, I want to invite some brothers and sisters to cooperate with me? Do you think it is suitable?"

"During this process, I will not touch some small articles that may be produced, and I will use them for graduation." Yang Yifeng asked Ding Changle for help.

The main reason is that Yang Yifeng has graduated and is now leading students. Strictly speaking, the resources in the division should no longer be occupied, but there is no way, Yang Yifeng has too few manpower available.

Ding Changle nodded.

Jiang Hong said: "How about I send you a few people?"

After Ding Changle nodded, he quickly shook his head: "Professor Jiang, there is no need for this, we still have people in the orthopedics department for the time being. Thank you for your kindness."

At this moment, people are rejected thousands of miles away.

Jiang Hong also said: "Xiao Zhou, it is a pity that I missed the opportunity to collaborate on a project with you. I sincerely invite you to come to my laboratory and research group to name a name, and just participate in the project meeting occasionally. ,do you think it's OK?"

"If you want to give money to other things, you can do it!" Jiang Hong's eyes were sincere and his tone was serious.

Full of admiration and seriousness for academics.