Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 166 114 Why is the night sky dark

After handing over the Nobel Gold Medal and the certificate to Chen Muwu respectively, King Gustav V of Sweden spoke a few words to Chen Muwu with a smile on his face.

Chen Muwu also nodded, although he couldn't understand a single word of Swedish.

But just by guessing, you can get a general idea. It is probably some polite words of congratulations and celebrations.

After presenting the award to Chen Muwu, the chairman of the jury for the Physiology or Medicine Award and the chairman of the Literature Award announced the reasons for the awards of Einthoven and Raymond, respectively, for "discovering the mechanism of the electrocardiogram", and "Created the great national epic, "The Peasant".

Einthoven also received medals and certificates like Chen Muwu, while Raymond, who was far away in France and did not come to the scene in Stockholm, only awarded the medals and certificates symbolically.

During the entire awards ceremony, there was no link or opportunity for Chen Muwu and Einthofen to speak at all.

After the ceremony, everyone at the scene, including the winners and guests present, moved non-stop to the Grand Hotel not far from the Stockholm City Hall.

A Nordic-style Nobel dinner will be held in the winter garden of the hotel.

This is an indoor greenhouse garden with a glass roof. There is a striking circular fountain in the center of the garden, surrounded by lush green vegetation. On the brackets on the roof, there are several exquisite bird cages. The canaries in the garden twittered tirelessly.

The dinner was even more spectacular than what Chen Muwu had seen at Trinity College, Cambridge University. Several tables were arranged in a horseshoe shape around the central fountain, and hundreds of silver candlesticks with red candles were placed on the tables.

More than 300 well-dressed male and female guests alternately sat together, and Chen Muwu's relatives and friends alone filled several tables.

Although Chen Muqiao and Kapica had come to Stockholm early, it was only now that Chen Muwu finally met them, and was able to take the time to say a few words before the dinner.

Although Kapiza couldn't wait to talk to his good friend Chen Muwu about all the things that happened in the past two months, he still gave up the opportunity to Chen Muwu's elder brother.

After all, the two other brothers have been separated for nearly two years, and they should not be able to finish talking to each other for a long time.

"Big brother!"

"Little brother!"

The brothers were naturally excited when they met, and the two choked up for a long time before finally opening their mouths to express their heartfelt feelings.

"Brother, how is everything at home? Little brother, I haven't been back for two years. My mother's side is thanks to my two brothers."

"Little brother, what are you talking about? You are wandering outside alone, so of course your studies are the most important thing, and you are still good enough to win back a lot of honor and face for our Chen family and for China."

"Brother, I heard that at the turn of summer and autumn, the Shanghai area was attacked by soldiers. Has your family been affected in any way?"

"This is thanks to you! Didn't you mention the dream in the letter you said you would sponsor students to study in Europe?

"Your second brother and I didn't believe this at first, and laughed at how you are still stupid after studying for a doctorate abroad?
"But my mother was convinced of this matter, so we had no choice but to follow her wishes and asked for leave to go back to Jia Yu's hometown to visit graves and worship ancestors, and stayed for a few months.

"Those Qiu Ba warlords are really hateful, but after all, they didn't have the guts to break into the concession. The family is generally peaceful, but the market is a bit unsettled. Your second brother's bank has less money than usual. Twenty to thirty percent."

"Money is something outside of the body, as long as you are fine, I won the Nobel Prize this time and won nearly 10 yuan. This award alone can cover your salary at Nanyang University for decades, right?"

Chen Muwu still couldn't hold back, and put on a little show in front of his elder brother.

After the two brothers exchanged some polite words, Chen Muqiao introduced another person beside him to Chen Muwu.

"Brother Yunong, this is your incompetent younger brother. Third brother, this is Dai Yunong, our country's ambassador to Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. He is your parent official when you are away from home."

After Chen Muqiao finished speaking, the Minister Dai also complimented him: "I have heard about Mr. Hanchen's name for a long time, and today I finally got to see this orchid and jade tree in Chen's family! Mr. Hanchen's achievements in the international arena are indeed the pride of the country. Fortunately, it is my province's luck."

Chen Muwu didn't know who this person was, but when he heard these two people talking, he felt more and more strange.

Dai... Yunong?
What the hell are you from Jiang province?

And judging by age and appearance, he doesn't look like Boss Dai Chunfeng?
Moreover, Zhang Xiuyou only left France this summer to return to China. Calculating the time, the military academy in Guangzhou should have just started school. Why did Dai Chunfeng come to Sweden just waiting for the sixth term to start?

"Mr. Yu, Mu Wu is being polite." Chen Muwu cupped his fists in doubt, "I don't know Mr. Minister, where is your hometown?"

"Haiyan, the poor county, and Gui Kunzhong can be regarded as fellow villagers. Mr. Hanchen asked, is there something wrong?"

It turned out to be from Haiyan, so it was fine.

Dai Chenlin, who is now the Minister of the Republic of China to the three Nordic countries, is a student who graduated from the Beijing Normal University Tongwenguan. He had already been sent abroad to engage in diplomatic work during the Qing Dynasty.

It was only because his surname, family name and provincial nationality were exactly the same as that of Boss Dai from Qusa Jiangxian that Chen Muwu had a misunderstanding.

"It's just that there is an old friend who happens to have the same surname and character as Yu Gong, so I asked more out of curiosity."

After being polite to each other, Chen Muqiao found the initiative to chat again.

"Little brother, what's the matter with your French friend? Why don't you introduce me?"

"Uh..." Chen Muwu didn't expect his elder brother to notice this, "She's just a friend of mine."

"Friend? Isn't it right, why is this different from what Gongchao told me?"

While speaking, Chen Muqiao glanced at Ye Gongchao who was sitting obediently beside him.

And the latter also looked like he had nothing to do with him, sitting in his position calmly.

Ye Gongchao, who left France, thought he could have a relaxing and pleasant winter vacation.

Unexpectedly, on the second day after arriving in Denmark, Chen Muwu showed his true colors before he recovered from the exhaustion of the journey, and handed him the outline of a novel.

Where is this to invite him to attend the ceremony of the Nobel Prize award ceremony?

It is clear that he was caught all the way to northern Europe to work as a coolie!

Ye Gongchao felt that he had been deceived and betrayed, but Chen Muwu paid him a huge amount of royalties at the same time, which made Ye Gongchao keep this matter to himself.

But after seeing Chen Muqiao who came from China to attend the ceremony in Stockholm, Ye Gongchao felt that he had found a backer, so he couldn't help pouring out his bitterness to this good friend of his uncle.

During the Paris Olympics, Ye Gongchao was locked up by Chen Muwu and De Broglie in a villa in the suburbs to produce the "No Survival", so he never met Ive.

So on the way to Northern Europe this time, Ye Gongchao was very curious about this Ive who was traveling all the way, so he asked De Broglie for a few more questions in private.

Therefore, in the past few days in Stockholm, Ye Gongchao inadvertently told Chen Muqiao the news about Ive that he had heard from De Broglie, as a small gesture for his black-hearted boss. "revenge".

Chen Muwu has always acted openly and frankly. Since the eldest brother already knows, there is no need to hide it: "Her name is Eve Curie, and she is Madame Curie, the great French scientist who discovered radium." My youngest daughter, the two of us have had a crush on each other since we met, and if nothing else happens, I should marry her."

After talking with his elder brother, Chen Muwu walked up to Aifu and brought her back here.

Ye Gongchao, who had done something wrong, quickly got up and left the table, giving up the seat next to Chen Muqiao.

"Ave, this is my elder brother Chen Muqiao. He came here from China this time to attend my awards ceremony."

"Hello, Mr. Chen."

"Brother, Ive is saying hello to you."

Looking at the scene in front of him, Chen Muqiao felt quite helpless.

Although it is said that the son can't help it, and he is only his elder brother, not his grandpa.

But the younger brother did not inform the family, and quietly talked about a foreign girlfriend, which was a bit beyond his expectation.

When I was at Guhai's house, I was as unresponsive as an elm lump, but why did the rotten wood bloom when I went abroad?
He also complained that Chen Muwu didn't notify in advance, how could the in-law's family come empty-handed when they met their new daughter-in-law for the first time?
However, after hearing that the other party's family is also well-known in academics, Chen Muqiao is quite satisfied with the two "well-matched" young people in front of him, but I don't know what the old lady will think when she finds out about this matter, whether she supports it or opposes it ?
Chen Muqiao's thinking is basically correct, except for the one about being right.

If Chen Muwu and Ai Fu get married, then their Chen family will definitely be regarded as high-ranking!

There was more to say among the crowd, but at this moment, the orchestra on the balcony on the second floor of the Winter Garden stopped playing.

After the music ended, a host boarded the balcony on the second floor to host today's Nobel Prize dinner.

The first item of the dinner was to stand up and observe a moment of silence in memory of Mr. Alfred Nobel who established the Nobel Prize.

After the silence, the audience sang the Swedish national anthem "You Are Old, You Are Free".

In fact, the Swedish government has never made this song the national anthem, it's just a convention that people have always had.

Influenced by Scandinavianism in the [-]th century, the word Sweden did not appear in the two lyrics, but only mentioned the "Northland" which refers to the three countries of Sweden, Denmark and Norway.

Instead, in the national anthem "Poland Has Not Perished" of Ive's mother, Madame Curie's home country, Sweden appeared once, but in that song, Sweden appeared as the villain who once occupied Poland.

After the national anthem was sung, the staff in tuxedos in the Grand Hotel began to serve dishes, all of which were some classic Swedish dishes, including game consommé, clams and shrimp fillets, fried chicken with stuffed artichokes, etc. wait.

Chen Muwu looked left and right, but he couldn't find the Swedish meatballs that he had eaten at IKEA several times and was known as the "Swedish national dish".

However, as today's protagonist, Chen Muwu couldn't really enjoy his delicious food at today's Nobel Prize dinner.

As one of the two Nobel Prize winners present, Chen Muwu was going to make a speech at the dinner party, which was regarded as a toast for the guests present.

This dinner speech is different from his well-prepared acceptance speech, which only needs a few short sentences.

No one wants to hear long, stinky and incomprehensible speeches while eating, it will only be unappetizing.

In the same order as when accepting the awards in the Stockholm City Hall, Chen Muwu was ahead of Einthoven, and it was his turn to speak on stage first.

After hearing the host's invitation, Chen Muwu got up and left the table, and walked towards the stairs leading to the balcony on the second floor in no hurry.

He first walked up to Ye Gongchao's side and patted him on the shoulder.

And Ye Gongchao also stood up without any surprise, he followed behind Chen Muwu tacitly, and the two of them boarded the balcony on the second floor one after the other.

The organizing committee should have been notified in advance, they have already placed two microphones on the balcony.

Chen Muwu stood in front of the microphone in the center, cleared his throat, and then spoke.

"Your Majesties, Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen:"

Except for a few people who could be counted on one hand, most of the people present did not know what Chen Muwu was talking about.

Because what he spoke was not English, not German, but Chinese.

Chen Muwu finally became clear about the purpose of calling Ye Gongchao from France to Sweden and inviting him to come to the stage together, that is to let this outstanding student of English literature act as a temporary interpreter for him.

He had already communicated with Ye Gongchao about this matter in advance, so the latter didn't make any fuss after receiving the sudden call.

This is not Chen Muwu's whim, but to imitate Ding Zhaozhong, who was the first to speak in Chinese at the Nobel Prize dinner.

It's just that Chen Muwu made the Chinese language appear on this occasion 52 years earlier.

"I think that the guests sitting in the audience come from all over the world, so whether I speak English or German, there should be some people who can't understand and need to use a translator.

"This situation will happen no matter which language you choose, so I think, I might as well use the language I am most familiar with, that is, my mother tongue, Chinese, to complete this speech.

"Winning the Nobel Prize is the greatest honor for a scientist. I am very grateful to the Nobel Prize Committee for affirming me, a young man from China.

"Physics is a science based on experiments, and our theories have been perfected in recent years.

"I also won the Nobel Prize this time because of related experiments, but I still have to correct my name for theorists.

"Although physics is based on experiments, it does not mean that experiments are the only thing. Theory is also very important.

"Nowadays, although we are still at the stage of using theory to explain experiments, I believe that in the near future, physics will enter a new mode where theoretical assumptions are first followed by experiments to verify them. .

"Theory and experiment are like the two legs of a human being, one cannot be separated. Only by relying on them can the development of human physics be able to make great strides forward.

"Since I have used Chinese to make this speech, at the end, I will simply say a few more words.

"There is an old saying in China, which is called 'everything is difficult at the beginning'. I won the first Nobel Prize as a Chinese today, and I have given my compatriots a good start. I believe that in the future, There should be more Chinese people who can be on this stage.

"That's all for my speech, I wish you all a pleasant meal!"

After Ye Gongchao finished translating word by word, Chen Muwu politely bowed to the audience, and then led Ye Gongchao away from the stage.

Ye Gongchao's translation mission ended here. In the acceptance speech three days later, Chen Muwu could only act as an interpreter for himself.

Because there were too many professional terms involved in that academic speech, Chen Muwu was afraid that Ye Gongchao would not be able to bear it.

Sporadic applause rang out from the auditorium at first, and then the applause became more and more enthusiastic, and finally converged from a trickle to a vast ocean.

After returning to his seat, Chen Muwu's speech was praised by everyone.

Whether it was his elder brother Chen Muqiao or Dai Chenlin, the Minister of the Republic of China to the three Nordic countries, they all praised Chen Muwu for winning glory for the country and raising face for the people of the country.

Even Ive said to Chen Muwu in a very serious tone: "Chen, I believe that the Chinese will win more and more Nobel Prizes like you."

There was determination in her eyes.

……

In Stockholm, the fever for the Nobel Prize continues.

Swedes regard the Nobel Prize celebrations, which last for several days, as a national celebration before Christmas.

Chen Muwu, the winner of the Xinke Physics Prize, naturally became the protagonist of this year. Under the arrangement of the staff, he visited different places every day and received very warm and luxurious hospitality in those places.

The time soon came to December 12th, which was also the last day of this four-day grand carnival.

This afternoon, Chen Muwu returned to the Stockholm City Hall again, where he will deliver his Nobel Prize speech.

Different from the composition of guests at the awards ceremony four days ago, there are many more professional scholars in the auditorium today.

Bohr also sat among the crowd.

He still clearly remembers the time when he traveled from Copenhagen to Malmö a few days ago. As soon as he got off the boat, everyone was surrounded by several reporters and interviewed.

Chen Muwu revealed in that interview that he would announce an important research result when he delivered his acceptance speech, and this research result is still related to God.

Bohr is looking forward to what will Chen Muwu say in this speech?
It has something to do with God, is it to blow the horn of charge against Einstein's old stubborn who is known as "God doesn't play dice"?
In theory, Chen Muwu has 10 minutes to give this speech to show the audience his work.

Of course, Chen Muwu ignored the 10-[-] minutes the staff told him.

After all, he wants to make a big news, and he will give a speech in both Chinese and English, so there is not enough time for this.

As long as the things he said were shocking enough, the staff who were stunned would not think of reminding him of the time, right?

"Your Majesties, Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, and colleagues from the scientific community:
"good afternoon everyone!"

"Thank you again to the Nobel Prize jury for awarding me this year's Nobel Prize and giving me a very generous bonus."

Chen Muwu has heard and said this beginning many times in the past few days, and he is already a little bored.

Now that he had already taken [-] pounds from them, Chen Muwu decided to talk about something real this time, and he couldn't take their bonus in vain.

"I am also very grateful to my family, teachers and friends. Without the help and support of any of you, maybe I would not be able to walk on this stage today.

"I am also very grateful to Dr. Einstein who did not come to the scene today. Although I have never really studied and engaged in research work with him, in my heart, I have always regarded him as a teacher. If there is no With Mr. Einstein's help, I may still be staying in the Far East's Qihai Sea, working as a small railway engineer there..."

Bohr heard more and more wrong.

The man who accompanied him all the way to Sweden from Denmark is now sitting in the audience, his name not being mentioned.

Instead, it was Einstein who stayed in Germany and didn't come, but Chen Muwu licked him so vigorously?

Is this going to declare war on Einstein, or is it going to betray Einstein?
Bohr was talking nonsense in his seat, while Chen Muwu attracted the attention of the audience step by step on the stage.

"...Stockholm is a very beautiful city. I heard that because it is close to the Arctic Circle, after dark in winter, if you are lucky, you may be able to see the beautiful aurora in the city's night sky.

"There's a lot of physics and astronomy behind this beautiful phenomenon.

"Today I want to discuss one of the astronomical phenomena with you, but it is not how the aurora is produced, but..."

Chen Muwu picked up the water glass and took a sip to moisten his throat, then his voice suddenly became heavier: "God, why is it dark?"

Hearing such an inexplicable question from Chen Muwu, those who understand physics and those who don't understand physics are all stunned.

After being dazed, everyone began to wonder if there was something wrong with Chen Muwu's head?
Anyone who has attended elementary education knows that the black and white of the sky is a matter of the position of the sun relative to the earth's hemisphere.

During the day, it means that the hemisphere of someone on the earth is facing the sun, and the sunlight directly enters the atmosphere, so the genius is bright.

At night, the sun is on the back of the earth. Without the sunlight, the sky is naturally dark.

How could he ask such a question?
Chen Muwu ignored the rustling whispers in the audience, but continued: "I did not raise this question, but Edmundo Halley, the British astronomer who discovered Halley's Comet in 200 years. It was proposed more than 1720 years ago.

"Mr. Halley, as an astronomer who has been in touch with Sir Isaac Newton, the greatest physicist in human history, raised this question based on common sense.

"It's just common sense, not the 'sun rises and sets every day' in our first reaction, but some cosmological thinking.

"It has long been thought that stars are almost evenly distributed throughout our universe.

"Standing on the earth, no matter which direction you look at, there are countless stars in that direction.

"Here, I want to reproduce Dr. Halley's calculation for you.

"Assuming that the density of stars distribution in the universe is ρ, how many stars are there on a sphere centered on the earth, radius r, and thickness Δr?

"After a simple calculation, it can be concluded that the number of stars on the sphere is n=4πrΔr·ρ.

"On the other hand, if we use the law of conservation of energy and perform a simple calculation, we can also know that the light intensity emitted by a star whose distance from the earth is r, when it finally reaches the earth, the light intensity is inversely proportional to the distance.

"Written as a physics formula, then there is I∝1/r.

"The number of stars on the sphere is proportional to the square of the radius r of the sphere, and the light intensity of these stars shining on the earth is inversely proportional to the square of the radius r of the sphere.

"Multiplying the two together, one can be pleasantly surprised to find that the parameter r disappears.

"That is to say, no matter how far the sphere is from the earth, as long as their thickness Δr is the same, the net light shining on the earth should also be the same. There is no saying that the sphere closer to the earth is brighter, and the sphere farther away from the earth Just darker this thing.

"After calculating this result, Harley realized that something was wrong.

"We all know that the universe is infinite, so the addition of such layers of Δr, whether it is day or night, when we look up at the universe, it should be the same brightness.

"According to Halley's calculations, there is no difference between day and night, and night should not exist.

"But physics is an experimental science, and the facts tell us that night and day are completely different.

"Facts and theoretical calculations have different results, so how to explain this matter?

"In 1823, 100 years after Halley completed his calculations, the German amateur astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Oberth gave an explanation which he thought perfectly explained the relationship between the two contradictions between.

"Olbers used the sun on a cloudy day as a breakthrough, even in the daytime, dark clouds will block the sun's light.

"He thinks that the light emitted by those stars that are far away from our earth will be blocked by many 'dark clouds', so before reaching the earth, it has already experienced a lot of loss. Therefore, the light intensity is not necessarily related to the distance r is inversely proportional to the square of .

"But his theory was quickly overturned, it is really untenable.

"Energy in the universe is conserved, and 'dark clouds' heat up as they absorb energy, until they are as hot as stars and radiate the same amount of light.

"If you observe it from the earth, it should still be as bright as night and day.

"So people began to name this phenomenon after the failed amateur astronomer, and called the contradiction between fact and theory Olbers' paradox.

"Until I gave this Nobel Lecture today, physicists still could not explain why this contradiction occurred.

"That's right, the major research result I mentioned in Malmö before is this."

The more Bohr in the audience listened, the more he felt that he had been deceived.

He thought that Chen Muwu was going to kill the world in the field of quantum, but he didn't expect that he would start talking about his long-cherished astronomy in a "non-business" manner.

"In Halley's calculations he used what we have always thought of as the model of the universe:

"The universe is static.

"The universe is infinite.

"The universe is uniform.

"The universe has an infinite amount of time.

"Until now, people have always believed that our universe is like this.

"Even Dr. Einstein, the smartest person in the world today, thinks so.

"He listed the gravitational field equation that bears his name in 1915, but two years later, in 1917, Einstein checked the gravitational field equation and added a cosmological constant term to it.

"He believes that only the existence of the cosmological constant term can the universe we live in remain static.

"I am very familiar with the gravitational field equation, and I have solved several field equations. The well-known time travel is one of them."

Before throwing out the somewhat unacceptable final conclusion, Chen Muwu deliberately made the atmosphere in the arena lively.

He mentioned this time travel, and it worked.

Some spectators in the arena also gave him a kind smile.

"Harley's calculations are so accurate that there should be no difference between day and night.

"But the factual phenomenon is irrefutable, between day and night, it is completely different.

"So what's the problem?
"Could it be that there is a problem with the model of the universe that we have always thought?
"Yes, the answer is yes, there is a problem with our universe model, and it is a big problem!

"The one thing I want to talk about today is that the latest astronomical observations show that the universe we live in is not static, but is constantly expanding!
"Therefore, the term of the cosmological constant that limits the constant of the universe in the gravitational field equation should not exist either.

"Although, as I said before, I have always regarded Dr. Einstein as a teacher who has helped me a lot. Without him, I, Chen Muwu, would not be where I am today.

"But as the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'I love my teacher more than I love the truth'.

"Mr. Einstein, I'm afraid you have made a small mistake."

　As promised, I added two thousand more today.

　　Continue tomorrow, if you don’t continue, you will continue to be a puppy.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)