Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 176 Chapter 124

A second ago, Chen Muwu was still happily sitting under the stage, waiting to receive the award later.

Results in the next second.

Warmaul Challenger triggers the battlecry...

Iron Armor Wraith Mordekaiser used the skill Reincarnation Desperate...

Haiyue used the skill Magic Sea Reflecting the Moon...

Einstein on the podium challenges you and invites you to take the stage in front of most members of the Royal Society. One-on-one PK in the imperial city will never end.

Why didn't the old man on the stage play his cards according to the routine?

Didn't they have a good chat last night, and they said they would look for opportunities later.

In Einstein's view, "later" means the next day?
No wonder he was so listless today, it turned out he was thinking about it all night last night!

You said that you should give your award acceptance speech well, and then go back to China, or come back to Cambridge University as a guest with me, eat and drink for a few days, isn’t it good?

If you have to do something like this at the awards ceremony, it would be disgraceful for anyone to lose, so why bother?
When is the injustice reported!
Einstein challenged him in public, but Chen Muwu couldn't accept the challenge.

How do you say that?

We demand peace, but we also do not fear war.

It's just that today, in front of so many people, it can basically be regarded as the gathering of the top scholars in the whole UK.

It doesn't matter who wins the debate, but it's embarrassing who loses.

Except for Chen Muwu, fellow members of the Royal Society who were sitting in the audience and would become the background board of an academic debate were also very surprised to hear Einstein's request.

It seems that in the more than 300 years since the founding of the Royal Society and the more than 200 years since the Copley Medal was first awarded, no one has ever made such a request when delivering an acceptance speech.

But after being surprised, everyone in the audience became very interested in this upcoming debate.

Einstein vs. Chen Muwu, a direct dialogue between the two smartest people in the world that the media said. Is this the revenge of the old king, or the coronation of the new king?
Chen Muwu said sorry to Einstein in advance.

"Dr. Einstein, I'm here, what can I do for you?"

He stood up while answering, but he didn't mean to go to the stage.

Because after all, Einstein is not the award presenter this time, but the recipient.

As long as the two of them start discussing the issue, it will definitely exceed the time reserved for the acceptance speech in the ceremony process, and all arrangements after that will also be disrupted.

Chen Muwu felt that it was inappropriate to do so.

"Dr. Chen, please come to the stage. I have an interesting question and I want to discuss it with you."

But Einstein on the stage was not forgiving. He probably really thought he had come up with a wonderful method to prove that quantum mechanics was wrong.

Well then, the elder called and did not dare to resign, so Chen Muwu could only obey the order.

He left his seat, walked down the aisle to the front of the auditorium, and stepped onto the podium, thinking about what new question Einstein might ask.

After a few steps, Chen Muwu consciously stood on the other side of Einstein. The relationship between the two was very similar to the plaintiff and the defendant in the court, and the pros and cons in the debate.

"Dr. Einstein, what advice do you have?"

Einstein walked to the blackboard hanging on the podium, picked up a chalk and drew a line segment on it, and then wiped off a small piece of white chalk writing with his finger in the center of the line segment.

"Chen, what I want to ask you is, if a beam of light waves encounters this screen with only a small hole in the process of traveling, what will happen?"

"Of course there will be diffraction, Doctor."

While giving the answer, Chen Muwu was still a little puzzled.

He also thought that the thought experiment given by Einstein this time would be the photon box, and the result was diffraction again.

Didn't we discuss this issue last night?Why are you here again today?
Could it be that Einstein hadn't woken up yet, and he regarded the last discussion they had as a gift from the fairy in his dream?

"That's right, it's diffraction." Einstein didn't give Chen Muwu a chance to continue thinking, "After diffraction, this plane light wave will become a spherical wave centered on this small hole, and continue to propagate to the other side of the screen. Bar?"

"Exactly."

"Well, suppose I have a hemispherical screen with this small hole as the center, and at some point after diffraction, the light wave will definitely reach this screen.

"According to the equation of light waves, the intensity of light hitting any place on this screen is equal."

"good."

"Since you agree with this point of view, let me put it another way and continue to describe the experimental phenomenon of diffraction.

"This time we only considered one photon.

"Suppose a photon that is incident directly through a small hole is still a photon after passing through the small hole.

"However, since the photon has wave properties at the same time, the wave of this photon will also be diffracted by the small hole, so the Ψ value of the wave function of the photon on this hemispherical screen should also be equal everywhere.

"According to your probability theory, |Ψ| should be the probability of photon distribution, so this probability is equal everywhere on the screen.

"Now the problem is, if you think of this photon as a wave, it could appear anywhere on the screen.

"And if the photon is regarded as a particle, it can only touch an abstract point on the screen.

"Dr. Chen, are there some contradictions between the two?"

Some people in the audience heard the example Einstein gave, and they also felt that what he said was very reasonable.

Among them are those who are still staunch supporters of the wave theory of light.

There are only two solutions to the contradiction in Einstein's experiment.Either Chen Muwu's quantum mechanical probability wave is wrong, or his theory of light particles is wrong.

Of course, the latter was first proposed by Einstein, and it is impossible for him to oppose himself.

From this point of view, it can only show that the former is wrong.

Let's see how Chen Muwu will explain this question, or say, sophistry?
However, as one of the parties, he disagreed.

Hey, I thought it was something, which made me very nervous.

It was this!

Einstein himself did not understand the soap bubbles more than ten or twenty years ago, and now he has brought them back to the table.

Isn't this the various interpretations of quantum mechanics?

"Dr. Einstein, explaining the contradiction is actually very simple.

"If there is no spherical screen behind the small hole, the wave function is indeed equal everywhere on the spherical surface with the small hole as the center. This is exactly what you said, the photon passes through the small hole. After the hole, the probability of appearing at any position on the sphere is the same.

"But after you put that spherical screen, everything changes.

"The spherical screen is also a kind of observation of this photon. At the moment of observing this behavior, the wave function of this photon collapses, thus giving an actual result, that is, the time of this photon shooting on the screen. exact location."

This reasonable explanation, which had been tormented by physicists for several years, was finally given by Chen Muwu in an understatement.

According to past experience, Einstein would never agree with this statement in his life.

So from the moment he spoke, Chen Muwu was already prepared that he would not be accepted by Einstein in such a short time today.

Sure enough, after listening to Chen Muwu's explanation, Einstein shook his head decisively.

He picked up the chalk again, and first drew a semicircular solid line behind the small hole on the previous picture. Obviously, this represented the hemispherical screen he just mentioned.

He marked the screen with the letter A, and then drew another semicircle dotted line close to the inside of the semicircle, and then marked it with the letter B.

"Dr. Chen, it is difficult for me to agree with your point of view.

"According to what you said, now I only consider another virtual spherical surface B with a slightly smaller radius than this hemispherical screen A.

"Before reaching this screen, the probability that the photon will appear anywhere on the sphere B is equal.

"And the moment the photon reaches the screen, the position of the photon is instantly determined?
"I think, if it is what you say, then there must have been a special kind of action at a distance during this period, which would not have caused a wave continuously distributed in space to appear in two different places on the screen. effect at the same time.

"Thinking about it carefully, this statement is really absurd, it is contradictory to the principle of relativity."

it is good!
Einstein directly brought out his principle of relativity, and he really planned to fight himself to the death.

Either you are wrong, or I am wrong, anyway, today, out of the two of us, one must die.

Chen Muwu tried his best to correct Einstein's mistake: "Dr. Einstein, I have to correct a mistake of yours.

"It's not that there is an action at a distance between the moment when the photon arrives on the screen A and when it passes through the sphere B before, but when you put down the screen A and wait quietly for the photon to fall From the moment above, the photon's wave function has collapsed, so its position and trajectory are fixed."

Einstein's soldiers came to block him: "Okay, Dr. Chen, I admit that what I said just now is not accurate, let me change it to correct it, now I don't need any screens, as I said before, one person is passing through this small screen. After the hole, the light wave is diffracted and becomes a spherical wave with the small hole as the center and continues to propagate forward, right?
"But it is just a photon, it will always pass through concentric spheres that exist one after another, and while passing through a certain sphere and continuing to propagate forward, a photon, as a kind of particle, can only and must pass through a point on this sphere. Passing. Instead of what your probability wave says, the photon has the same probability at every point on this sphere, so it passes through every point on the sphere.”

Going around, Einstein was still obsessed with how that photon came from everywhere and suddenly converged to a point.

"Dr. Einstein, I think you may not understand the matter of observation, so you mistakenly think that when the photon traverses this virtual sphere, it passes through a certain point on it.

"Actually, precisely because this sphere does not exist, the probability that the photon is still at each point is equal.

"This is because the observed behavior did not occur, so the wave function of the photon did not collapse.

"I know that you must be dissatisfied with the explanation I gave, and the observation itself is also a very vague concept.

"What exactly is 'observation'? Is it seen with eyes, touched with hands, or recorded with sophisticated instruments?
"Going back to the question just now, if people don't look at the hemispherical screen, or simply remove the screen like you did, and replace it with a photosensitive film made into a hemispherical shape by a skilled craftsman , then when the photon touches the photosensitive film, will it expose the entire hemispherical film, or will it only expose a certain point on it?

"In other words, does the photon's wave function collapse the instant it hits the photographic film?

"In my opinion, the photon's wave function will not collapse, because the photographic film used to record the photon's position is itself composed of uncertain particles, and it also has its own wave function.

"When this photographic film is used to take photos and records, a system is formed between the photon and the film, and the wave function of the photon and the wave function of the photographic film are 'superimposed', creating a new photon-film system. wave function.

"Not only that, but if I put a telescope behind this photographic film to record the photon recording process of the photographic film, then the wave function of the photon-film system will also be superimposed on the wave function of the telescope. , the system is further expanded into a photon-film-telescope system, and the wave function of this new system will not collapse either.

"By analogy like this, a third instrument is added after the telescope, and a fourth instrument is added after the third instrument... Even if countless instruments are added, the scale of the system will only increase. But the wave function of the system will not collapse. Until..."

Chen Muwu made a long note on purpose to whet the appetites of Einstein and everyone in the arena.

"Until there was a naughty little boy, whom I named Albert, who went to the last instrument and glanced at the results recorded by the instrument.

"In the results, Albert found that the photon was only exposed as a point on the photographic film.

"At the moment when he saw the result, the entire chain system collapsed instantly, and the wave function also collapsed.

"Whether the wave function collapses or not is only related to whether people observe it.

"I think that the wave function only collapses when it is 'conscious', giving
A definite result. "

Hearing this explanation, Einstein hesitated to speak.

Chen Muwu felt that he would definitely not agree with his opinion, maybe the reason why he didn't speak was just thinking about how to scold him so as to relieve his anger and not lose face at the same time.

Chen Muwu didn't want to be scolded, so he decided not to give Einstein a chance to organize his language.

"I know that when I say this, many people may not understand it, so next, I plan to use another thought experiment to explain my point of view."

(End of this chapter)