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207 BC, the third year of Hu Hai's reign, was destined to be engraved in the long scroll of Qin history.

At this time, the Qin Empire was like a majestic mountain, standing in the east of the world, showing unprecedented prosperity and prosperity. The world was peaceful, the people lived and worked in peace, and the territory of the empire was constantly expanding, showing its unrivaled momentum.

Looking back to the previous year, in 208 BC, the Qin cavalry swept through the lands of Western Qiang and Dayuezhi, and quickly conquered Western Qiang with overwhelming force. The vast land and rich resources of Western Qiang were incorporated into the territory of the Qin Empire, injecting new vitality into the development of the empire.

The Great Yuezhi, a power that once had a certain influence in the Western Regions, had to lower its proud head under the fierce attack of the Qin army. The victory of the Qin army was like a prairie fire, which frightened the surrounding Xiongnu tribes. The Xiongnu people were afraid of the military power of the Qin Dynasty and fled far away, not daring to have the slightest desire. These brilliant achievements not only consolidated the borders of the Qin Dynasty, but also made the Qin Dynasty famous and shocked the world.

In the development process of the Qin Empire, Yi Huawei realized the importance of continuous strengthening of military power for maintaining national stability and expanding territory. Although the Qin army had made many achievements in previous battles, with the expansion of the empire and changes in the surrounding situation, the original military system gradually exposed some problems.

For example, the military command structure was somewhat rigid in large-scale operations, the efficiency of coordinated operations between different arms could be improved, and military logistics faced many difficulties in long-distance operations. Yi Huawei was determined to build a more elite, efficient, and adaptable Qin army through military reform to ensure the absolute military advantage of the Qin Empire.

Yi Huawei made major adjustments to the military command system. He established a more flexible hierarchical command structure, set up a military command headquarters at the central level, and Yi Huawei personally served as the commander-in-chief. Members included Wang Ben, Zhang Han, Xin Sheng, She Jian, etc.

The headquarters is responsible for formulating the overall military strategy, coordinating the actions between the war zones, and directly commanding large-scale campaigns. At the local level, war zones are divided according to different strategic areas, and each war zone has a war zone commander. The war zone commander has a certain degree of autonomy and can formulate combat plans based on the actual situation of the war zone, but must accept the unified leadership and supervision of the headquarters.

This hierarchical command structure not only ensures the unity of strategic decision-making, but also gives full play to the initiative and flexibility of local commanders, enabling the Qin army to respond quickly when faced with complex and changing battlefield situations.

At the same time, in order to improve command efficiency, Yi Huawei introduced new military communication methods. He developed a communication system based on improved flag language and beacon signals to establish an efficient information transmission network between different military bases. Through this communication system, battlefield commands can be quickly conveyed, and the various troops can better cooperate in combat. For example, in a border defense operation, when the enemy launched an attack from multiple directions, the frontline troops quickly transmitted information such as the enemy's strength and direction to the command center in the rear through beacon signals. The command center adjusted the deployment in time according to the intelligence, mobilized the mobile troops to launch an effective counterattack, and successfully repelled the enemy.

In response to the problem of coordinated operations between different arms, Yi Huawei formulated detailed coordinated combat specifications and training plans. On the basis of the Qin army's original infantry, cavalry, chariot soldiers, artillery, and crossbow soldiers, the combat positioning and mutual coordination of each arm were further optimized. As the main force on the battlefield, the infantry is divided into different combat units, including spearmen, shield soldiers, crossbowmen, etc., and each unit has a clear combat mission. The spearmen are responsible for resisting the enemy's charge in the front, the shield soldiers provide protection for their teammates, and the crossbowmen carry out long-range firepower output in the rear. As the most mobile branch of the army, the cavalry is mainly responsible for raids, outflanking and pursuing the enemy. The chariot soldiers play the role of impact and cover on the battlefield.

Yi Huawei emphasized the coordinated training between arms, and through large-scale military exercises, each arm was familiar with each other's combat characteristics and cooperation methods. In the exercises, various real battlefield scenes were simulated, such as encounters, sieges, and field battles. For example, in a siege exercise, the chariot soldiers first attacked the city gate to open up an attack path for the infantry; under the cover of the shield soldiers, the infantry used siege equipment such as ladders to attack the city wall, while the crossbow soldiers in the rear suppressed the enemy on the city wall with firepower; the cavalry stood by outside the city to prevent the enemy from breaking through or attacking the siege troops from the flank. Through this coordinated training, the cooperation between the various arms of the Qin army became more tacit, and the combat capability was significantly improved.

Military logistics support is one of the key factors for victory in war. Therefore, Yi Huawei carried out a comprehensive reform of the military logistics system. A complete set of material storage and transportation networks was established, and several large military material storage bases were set up across the country. These reserve bases were located in areas with convenient transportation and important strategic locations, and stored a large amount of food, weapons, armor and other materials. At the same time, the protection of transportation routes was strengthened, special military roads were built, and post stations and checkpoints were set up along the roads. The post stations not only provided rest and supplies for the troops transporting materials, but also were responsible for transmitting military information. The checkpoints were responsible for ensuring the safety of the transportation routes and preventing attacks and sabotage by enemy forces.

In order to ensure the efficiency of material supply, Yi Huawei introduced advanced logistics management concepts. According to the military needs and material reserves in different regions, a scientific material allocation plan was formulated. During the war, the transportation team was reasonably dispatched to ensure that the front-line troops could obtain the required materials in a timely manner. For example, in the campaign against the Western Qiang, due to the long combat distance, logistics support faced huge challenges. However, with a perfect logistics system, food, weapons and other materials could be continuously transported to the front line, ensuring that the combat effectiveness of the Qin army was not affected and ultimately won the victory.

While achieving brilliant achievements in the military, Yi Huawei turned his attention to another important area of ​​the national economy - commerce.

For a long time, although the Qin State's commerce had developed to a certain extent, it was still constrained by many old systems, like a bird trapped in a cage, unable to spread its wings and fly high. Yi Huawei knew that if the Qin State was to truly become prosperous and strong, commercial reform was imperative. He was determined to break the old commercial structure, unleash the huge potential of commerce, and inject new vitality into the Qin State's economy.

Yi Huawei's business reform plan was formed after careful consideration and extensive research.

He knew the importance of commerce to the country, just like blood to the human body. The prosperity of commerce can drive the development of all walks of life, promote the circulation and exchange of materials, and increase the country's wealth accumulation. However, the old business system has many drawbacks, such as the monopoly of important materials such as salt and iron, which leads to low efficiency and insufficient market supply, the unreasonable business tax system makes it difficult for merchants to operate, and the lack of norms in business operations leads to chaotic market order. These problems are like ropes that tightly bind the development of commerce. Yi Huawei is determined to cut off these shackles and achieve equal emphasis on agriculture and commerce, and the two promote each other. For the problems that merchants may bring, he emphasized that they can be effectively controlled through a sound system and strict supervision. From the reform of the salt and iron industry to the reconstruction of the tax system, from the formulation of business operation norms to the construction of chamber of commerce organizations, each measure has been carefully designed to achieve orderly prosperity of commerce and effective management of commerce by the state.

As an important pillar of Qin's economy, the salt and iron industry is one of the focuses of Yi Huawei's business reform. For a long time, the complete state-run model of salt and iron has ensured the state's control over these two key resources, but it has also led to serious problems such as low production efficiency and insufficient market supply.

In terms of salt industry reform, Yi Huawei has taken a series of innovative measures. Exclusive areas were divided in coastal areas and major salt producing areas, and a new model of cooperation between government and business was established. The government was responsible for formulating strict production standards and quality supervision, with detailed and scientific regulations on everything from the site selection of salt fields, the extraction method of brine to the crystallization process of salt. At the same time, the government set up a professional quality inspection team to regularly conduct random inspections of salt products to ensure that every grain of salt meets quality requirements.

Merchants were responsible for the mining, processing and sales of salt under the supervision of the government. In order to encourage merchants to improve production efficiency and quality, Yi Huawei allowed merchants to introduce advanced salt drying and salt boiling technologies and provided certain policy support. For example, for merchants who introduced new technologies and achieved remarkable results, the government would give appropriate tax exemptions or preferential treatment in the allocation of franchise rights.

At the same time, in order to prevent salt merchants from monopolizing the market, Yi Huawei established a sophisticated production quota and price control mechanism. The government accurately calculated and allocated the salt production quota for each franchise area based on factors such as the population size, economic development level, and the demand for salt from agriculture and handicrafts.

In terms of price regulation, when the market salt price fluctuates abnormally, the government will adjust it by releasing or purchasing salt reserves. For example, when the salt price is too high, the government will release an appropriate amount of salt from the reserve to increase market supply and stabilize the price; when the salt price is too low, the government will purchase some salt to stabilize the interests of salt merchants.

Yi Huawei also made bold attempts in the reform of the iron industry. He broke the situation in which the iron industry was completely controlled by the government and introduced merchants to participate in iron ore mining and smelting. The government cooperated with merchants to establish iron ore workshops and clarified the rights and obligations of both parties. Merchants were responsible for investing funds and manpower in the mining and preliminary smelting of iron ore, while the government purchased finished iron at a reasonable price and uniformly allocated it for key areas such as weapons manufacturing and agricultural tool production. This cooperation model gave full play to the financial and operational advantages of merchants, improved the output and quality of iron, and also ensured the demand for iron in the military and agriculture.

The reconstruction of the commercial tax system is another core content of Yi Huawei’s commercial reform.

Yi Huawei abandoned the past simple and crude unified high tax rate model. Although this old model brought fiscal revenue to the country to a certain extent, it seriously undermined the business enthusiasm of merchants and led to sluggish business development.

A new taxation system based on industry classification was established, taking into full account the characteristics and development needs of different industries. A proportional taxation system was implemented for key industries related to the national economy and people's livelihood, such as salt and iron. A certain percentage of tax was levied on merchants based on their turnover in salt and iron operations. The tax rate was carefully calculated to ensure that the state could obtain a reasonable share of the benefits from the operation of these important resources, while not causing merchants to lose their enthusiasm for operation due to excessive tax burdens. For example, through the analysis of factors such as the production and sales costs of salt and iron, market prices, and profit margins, a moderate tax rate was determined, so that the salt and iron industry could have sufficient funds for technological improvements and expanded production while ensuring national interests.

For general commercial industries such as textiles, animal husbandry, and timber, Yi Huawei levies taxes in different levels according to business scale and profit level. For smaller workshops or merchants, certain tax reductions and exemptions are given in consideration of the difficulties they face in the early stages of development and their positive role in promoting economic development. These small merchants can enjoy lower tax rates or tax exemption policies within a certain period of time, helping them to survive the difficult start-up period and promoting their development and growth. For those large merchants, due to their strong profitability and abundant resources, taxes are levied according to a certain proportion of profits. At the same time, in order to avoid excessive taxation affecting the reinvestment and expansion of enterprises, Yi Huawei also set a reasonable tax ceiling. When the profit reaches a certain level, the profit exceeding the upper limit will no longer increase taxes, encouraging enterprises to use more funds to expand production, technological innovation and market expansion.

In addition, Yi Huawei has also established a rich tax incentive and penalty mechanism to encourage merchants to actively pay taxes and comply with tax regulations. Merchants who pay taxes on time and in full and have no tax violations are given a series of rewards. The first is honorary titles, which are highly recognized in the business community and can enhance the social status and business reputation of merchants.

For example, merchants who are awarded the title of "Model of Honest Taxpayers" will win more respect and trust from their peers and consumers. Secondly, they will be given priority in franchise bidding and commercial loans. In franchise bidding, merchants who pay taxes well can get certain extra points, increasing their chances of obtaining franchises; in terms of commercial loans, government-designated financial institutions will give priority to these merchants in providing loans, and the loan interest rates may be favorable.

At the same time, Yi Huawei has taken severe measures to crack down on tax evasion and tax avoidance. A professional tax inspection team has been established to conduct strict inspections on the accounts of merchants regularly and irregularly. Once tax evasion is discovered, in addition to requiring the payment of back taxes, a high fine will be imposed. The amount of the fine increases in proportion to the amount of tax evasion. The larger the amount of tax evasion, the higher the proportion of the fine, making the tax evader pay a heavy price. For merchants with serious circumstances and multiple tax evasion, part or all of their property will be confiscated, and their family members will be prohibited from engaging in business activities within a certain period of time. This severe punishment measure has formed a strong deterrent and effectively curbed the occurrence of tax evasion and tax avoidance.

(End of this chapter)