Rebirth of Zhu Di's son

Chapter 49 Draft Reform Regulations for Imperial Examinations

the other side.

Qianqing Palace.

Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di were discussing the reform of the imperial examination.

"Reforming the imperial examination involves many things, and even affects the national destiny of this dynasty, so we must be cautious. Di'er, you have to work with us and think about it carefully."

Zhu Yuanzhang said leaning against the headboard of the bed.

Zhu Di sat on the edge of the bed and said respectfully.

"In a hurry this morning, we roughly read Gao Xu's revised manuscript. I can't remember some details clearly." Zhu Yuanzhang said again.

Zhu Di said softly: "Gao Xu copied a revised manuscript and placed it in Dongnuang Pavilion. Dad, wait a moment, I will go get it."

After that, he stood up and left, heading towards Dongnuan Pavilion.

Not long after, Zhu Di returned to Zhu Yuanzhang's bedside and sat down again, holding a stack of manuscripts.

"According to Gao Xu's conception, this reform of the imperial examination mainly focuses on five aspects."

Zhu Di quickly flipped through the handwritten version of the manuscript and summarized its contents.

Zhu Yuanzhang asked: "What five aspects?"

“The first is to increase the subjects of the imperial examination, the second is to establish a yamen specifically responsible for the imperial examination process and formulate the regulations for training candidates, the third is to establish a four-level official school to delineate the sources of imperial examination candidates, the fourth is to establish a set of regulations to manage imperial examination candidates, and the fifth is to The admission results of the imperial examination will be ranked." Zhu Di replied.

"Now that I think about it, we have such plans. Please tell us the specific contents in detail." Zhu Yuanzhang answered.

Zhu Di looked at the manuscript and gave Zhu Yuanzhang a detailed introduction based on his personal understanding.

"First, increase the subjects of the imperial examination."

"Referring to the division of imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty, the subjects of the imperial examinations were divided into nine permanent subjects, including martial arts, literature and history, law, finance, education, arithmetic, construction, agriculture, and medicine."

Zhu Yuanzhang nodded and said: "In the Tang Dynasty, the subjects of the imperial examination were divided into regular subjects and system subjects. The examinations held in stages every year were called regular subjects, and the examinations held temporarily by the emperor's decree were called system subjects."

"If we remember correctly, there are more than 50 permanent subjects including Xiucai, Mingjing, Jinshi, Junshi, Mingfa, Mingzi, Mingsuan, etc. Among them, Mingjing and Jinshi were the main subjects of the regular subjects in the Tang Dynasty."

"I didn't expect dad to know so much about the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty." Zhu Di said with some shame.

Zhu Yuanzhang took this opportunity to educate Zhu Di: "If you don't understand the past of the imperial examination, how can you talk about future reforms? Di'er, you must remember this!"

"My child, remember." Zhu Di said solemnly.

"Cough cough."

Zhu Yuanzhang coughed slightly, then nodded and said: "Increasing the subjects of the imperial examination will make it easier for the court to recruit all kinds of talents. This is a plan that is beneficial to the country, and this can be done. You can continue."

Zhu Di said: "If the subjects of the imperial examination are added, then naturally there will be teachers who teach the new subjects, and obviously there cannot be too many teachers who are proficient in the nine general subjects, so there will be a need for teachers who specialize in teaching one subject."

"To ensure the talent and learning of such junior college students, the imperial court needs to review their qualifications. Therefore, the imperial court should set up a new yamen under the Ministry of Rites - the Educational Enlightenment Bureau, which is responsible for the imperial examination, the training of imperial examination candidates, and teaching teachers Qualification review and other matters.”

"In addition, educational branches are established in every province, prefecture, and county in the world to uniformly manage the academies and schools in the world, and it is prohibited for certain people to teach fallacies and heresies in the name of professors and masters to confuse people's hearts."

"Unified management of all types of professors and masters in the world. According to their technical proficiency, they are divided into five levels: lecturers, senior lecturers, teachers, senior teachers, and doctors. Different levels have different salaries and allowances."

"This is the second aspect of the imperial examination reform."

Zhu Yuanzhang nodded slowly and said: "Yes, anyone who teaches others martial arts, literature, tea art, piano art and other skills, and makes a living by doing so, can be called a 'teacher, professor'. However, there are also many swindlers among them, and the court needs to deal with them These people are responsible for management. We believe that an educational bureau should be established." "Third, establish a four-level official school to stipulate the source of imperial examination candidates."

Zhu Di continued: "The so-called four levels of official education are the primary school, the secondary school, the large school, and the imperial school."

"The small school, also known as the compulsory private school, is the imperial village school, that is, the original social science. Every township or town in the world has at least one compulsory private school, which is the enlightenment school."

“Both men and women above the age of six, except for foolish children, are compulsorily admitted without examination. The schooling lasts for four years. During the schooling period, teachers will teach enlightenment knowledge such as the Three-Character Sutra, the Nine-Nine Multiplication Formula, a Brief History of the Country, Beginners in Arithmetic, and Common Sayings. "

"Only after students have studied in compulsory schools for four years can they be qualified to take part in the Children's Examination to become a scholar."

At present, the Ming Dynasty's prefecture, prefecture, and county schools are called county studies or Confucianism. Those who pass the provincial examinations at all levels and enter the prefecture, prefecture, and county schools are generally called students, and they are commonly known as scholars.

The Children's Examination is an entrance examination for obtaining student qualifications. It is also called a small examination and a small examination. It consists of three stages: the county examination, the government examination and the college examination.

Zhu Di paused for a moment, served Zhu Yuanzhang personally for a sip of water, and then continued to introduce the details of the regulations for the reform of the imperial examination.

"After the restructuring, the children's examination will be held in early July every year, and it will be hosted by the provincial education bureaus, and the prefectural and county education bureaus will be responsible for it."

"Those who pass the child examination, that is, students and scholars, will be promoted to the local imperial county school, that is, the middle school, to continue their studies."

"Every state, county, or prefecture in the world has at least one middle school. The middle school teaches the classics of various scholars, the six arts of the gentleman, and the nine required subjects corresponding to the standing imperial examination subjects."

"During the period of enrollment in the middle school, tuition and book fees are free of charge, but personal living expenses such as room and board are borne by the students themselves."

"Only students who have studied for three years and have not made any major mistakes during their studies will have the opportunity to participate in the provincial examination and be qualified to be elected. At the same time, they will also receive a scholar's name uniformly printed and issued by the Prefectural Education Bureau, and officially obtain the title of scholar. Fame."

"After the restructuring, the level of student members remains unchanged and is still divided into three levels, namely, junior students, accretive students, and epiphysics."

Those who are provided with meals by the government are called Linshan students, or Linsheng for short; those who are added beyond the quota are called Zengguang students, or Zengsheng for short; additional quotas added to Linsheng or Zengsheng, attached to the end of all students, are called attached students , referred to as epiphytic.

"After the restructuring, the examination of students, that is, scholars, is still the starting point of fame."

"Once students who have studied for three years in the middle schools where the prefectures and counties are located are selected by the imperial court as tribute students, they can skip the provincial examination and enter the Imperial College to study."

"Educational officials in each province hold two-level examinations, annual examination and class examination, which are divided into six grades according to their results. Those who rank first or second in the class examination are qualified to participate in the provincial examination that year and are called imperial examination candidates. Those whose scores do not meet the standards will continue to Enter school.”

"Secondary schools allow students to repeat studies, but the upper age limit must not exceed 35 years old."

At this point, Zhu Di chose to pause. He needed to give Zhu Yuanzhang some time to think.

Zhu Yuanzhang understood what Zhu Di meant and thought thoughtfully: "There are already official schools in all provinces, prefectures, and counties across the country. Unifying them into middle schools is just a change of name."

"However, the establishment of compulsory private schools in each township and town is an extremely huge project. Although there were originally rural social schools, they were not many in number. If this cannot be implemented, there will inevitably be local officials who build private schools in the name of , corruption, bribery, and plunder.”

"Furthermore, the recruitment and management of compulsory school teachers is another major event with far-reaching consequences."

Zhu Di said: "Dad, I think it would be an errand for scholars who have failed repeatedly in the past and returned to the countryside to take up this position. Even officials who have become official, after returning to the countryside, if they are willing to take up the position of teacher, it can also be regarded as a pleasure. .”

"Well, Di'er's words make sense. It can be seen that the establishment of compulsory schools is not too difficult. Just refer to the social studies of the past and expand the geographical scope of establishing schools."

Zhu Yuanzhang nodded and said, "Keep talking."

Zhu Digong claimed so.

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(End of this chapter)