A thousand-year-old family that began with the Battle of Makino

Chapter 494 Xianbei suffers from the reappearance of the Bai family, and the household-level nine-level official system

July
Bald-headed tree function and others took advantage of the fact that Sima Yan was obsessed with the battle to destroy Wu and had no time to look west, intending to rob the tenant soldiers under King Ruyin.

Wen Yang, the Pinglu guard, was ordered by Sima Jun to supervise the Liang, Qin and Yong armies to advance into key areas and intimidate the Hu tribes.

Seeing that the Jin people still had such strength, Tufa Shuji was afraid, so he sent the leaders of his twenty tribes, representing a total of two hundred thousand people in their troops, to be tied in front of the Jin army's gate to ask for surrender, and also ordered them to surrender. Each sent his own son to the court as a hostage.

This dispelled Sima Jun's suspicion and did not send a large force to attack.

The first year of Taikang
Hail fell in many places such as Hedong, Gaoping, Sanhe, Baijun, and Hongnong, and the crops failed. Sima Yan took this as an opportunity to officially promulgate the household adjustment system and the nine-rank official system.

The purpose is to curb increasingly frenzied land acquisitions.

Because the Sima family relied on the support of the aristocratic family to seize power, the imperial court had been letting the merger go unchecked since the establishment of the Ding Dynasty.

As a result, the royal family and the powerful occupied land without limit, and the number of tenant farmers increased rapidly, accounting for almost half of the world's population.

The peasants had no land, and the wealthy families used the occupied fields to exploit them wantonly.

For example, if the imperial tax system is ten taxes and three taxes, the food left behind is enough for ordinary people's annual expenses, and there is still something left over after a short period of time. After leasing the land of powerful people, they need to pay 60% or even 70% of the food.

Not only did there not be any surplus during the year, but for three or four months, there was no food to eat, so they had to find other ways to work, or pick up wild vegetables, etc.

As the founding king of the country, Sima Yan was naturally not an ignorant person, and he knew very well that the aristocratic families were digging for the foundation of the Sima family.

But there was nothing he could do, because in the final analysis, these aristocratic families had an alliance with the Sima family, not a vassal relationship like the Han Dynasty.

It is precisely because of this that the Sima family can allow the Bai family to exist. In essence, the Bai family is no different from other aristocratic families, except that it is more powerful.

But at least the Sima family does not have to worry about the Bai family usurping the throne of his Sima family like other aristocratic families.

So Sima Yan decided to befriend Bai.

February
Sima Yan withdrew the heavy troops surrounding Baifu and restored the markets around Baifu.

This means that the crisis faced by the Bai family has been initially resolved.

He ordered Bai Biao, the White King in Beijing, to be appointed as Dazai and the head of the Eight Dukes. He was even summoned to the palace many times to inquire about good strategies for governing the country.

The household adjustment style is the sum of some suggestions provided by White Label, plus Sima Yan’s own understanding.

Sure enough, no matter how to deal with the aristocratic family, the Bai family is the ancestor.

February 15th

Sima Yan appointed Bai Fu, a descendant of Bai Dian of the previous dynasty, as the servant of the Bai family in Luoyang and the minister of public affairs.

An edict was issued to describe the achievements of the previous dynasty Baidian:
"Although Bai Dian, Duke Wen'an of the former dynasty, was a famous official in the previous dynasty, his achievements were outstanding and benefited future generations.

There is "Loyalty and Righteousness Table" written by Liu Bei, Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty, which is the first of "Wen". In consideration of his merits, I posthumously confer him the title of Duke Wen'an and honor his fourth grandson Baifu as Marquis Wen'anting. "

Under constant discussions by Dazai Bai Biao, Zhongshu Supervisor Xun Xu, Shangshu Pushe Baifu and others, the content of the household adjustment style was finally determined by Sima Yan.

The Hu Tiao style was not invented in the Jin Dynasty. It was first created in the Bai Kingdom, where it was called Hu Fu.

It was created by the eighth generation Bai King of the Han Bai Kingdom and the 46th generation Bai Ke, the Bai family's grandson, for the convenience of collecting taxes when he was still alive.

From the time when Bai Zhi was established, his son Bai Wu started to count, and it was passed down to Bai Biao, which has lasted for fifty generations.

The entire Bai family has gone through five stages:

In the first stage, Bai Zhi entered the Wei Kingdom and became the Duke of the Wei Kingdom. Bai Qing, the eighth generation descendant of the Bai family, accepted the reward from King Zhou Ping, established a feudal state, established Bai Ziguo, and called it the Bai family. There were nine generations of family heads.

In the second stage, from the establishment of the Baizi Kingdom to Baiping, the 25th grandson of the Bai family, he established himself as the King of Bai and called it the Baizi Kingdom. There were eighteen generations of Baizi.

In the third stage, from when Bai Ping became king to when Bai Qing, the 29th grandson of the Bai family, accepted Liu Bang's imperial edict and reestablished the Bai Kingdom, which was called the Ancient Bai Kingdom, there were five generations of Bai kings.

The fourth stage, from Bai Qing's restoration to the Bai Guan, the thirty-ninth grandson of the Bai family, helped Guangwu Zhongjue and Fu Zhen, which was called the Han and Bai Dukedom, and lasted for ten generations.

In the fifth stage, from the time when the Guangwu Jin Dynasty conferred the title of the Bai family to the present day, Bai Biao, the fiftieth generation grandson of the Bai family, the Bai Kingdom has experienced the rise and fall of two dynasties, the replacement of two surnames, and three hundred years of changes. It is called the Han-Bai Kingdom and has a history of twelve Daibaiwang.

In order to reduce the loss of the collected grain on the road, the Bai Kingdom announced that cloth and copper coins would be used instead of grain at the same price to pay taxes to the government.

This move greatly reduced corruption among officials and increased Baiguo's income by 10% that year.

At the same time, taxes were no longer calculated based on population, but on a household basis, and it was stipulated that each household should be levied two pieces of silk and two pounds of cotton.

It can also be said that the cloth and silk accumulated in Chaoge at that time were greatly consumed.

After that, Bai Dian imitated the household tax of the Bai Kingdom and changed it to a household adjustment order. Basically, the policy of household tax was enacted, but the silk cotton collected was reasonably adjusted based on the market price at that time.

Moreover, only the number of households is counted, rather than the number of people, which greatly reduces the calculation difficulty of the government and reduces administrative costs.

Nowadays, the household adjustment system promulgated by Sima Yan is not a simple household adjustment order, but includes the land occupation system, the household adjustment system, and the Pinguan Tianyin Customization System.

The land occupation system is a decree that combines the land occupation system and the tax system.

The imperial court grouped all ages in the world:
Men and women aged between 16 and 60 years old are the first eldest daughter; those between 13 and 15 years old, and 61 and 65 years old are the second eldest daughter;

Those under the age of twelve are considered young, and those over sixty-six are considered old and do not need to pay Dingfu.

The law stipulates that a male male can legally occupy 70 acres of land, and a female male can legally occupy 30 acres of land.

Moreover, every Ding male has to pay fifty acres of tax to the state, which is equivalent to four dendrobiums; Ding women pay twenty acres of tax; second Ding men pay twenty-five acres of tax, and second Ding women are exempt from tax.

This provision allows every farmer to legally occupy the land he deserves.

Many tenants of wealthy families also left their masters and went to the court to receive their own share of land.

Moreover, this move can also greatly encourage farmers to reclaim wasteland and greatly increase the country's cultivated land area.

Household adjustment is the system for collecting household tax.

Household adjustment does not distinguish between rich and poor, and only collects rent and taxes on a household-by-household basis.

A household headed by a male male would lose three bolts of silk and three pounds of cotton per year; a household headed by a male female and a second male would only need to lose half of it per year.

It also made specific provisions on the household transfer in border counties and minority areas:

Households in border counties and inland areas pay two-thirds of the tax amount for those who are close to it, and one-third for those who are far away.

The ethnic minorities are as close as one horse to Naboo and as far away as one foot from Naboo.

The Pinguan Tianyinke system was a system implemented by Sima Yan to protect the economic privileges of aristocratic families and courtiers. The purpose was to prevent them from preventing him from implementing the household adjustment system, and to win over them. After all, the Jin Dynasty was different from the Han Dynasty.

But at a deeper level, they also had the intention of setting a "limit" on the number of aristocratic families and nobles who could occupy land and enslave the population, in order to prevent them from unlimited land annexation and concealment of household registration.

The law stipulates that those with the first to ninth official rank will occupy land according to their rank.

The first grade occupies fifty hectares, the second grade 45 hectares, the third grade 40 hectares... Each lower grade occupies five hectares less.

For shelter households (tenants who do not need to pay taxes or perform corvee), those of the sixth rank and above are entitled to three food and clothing guests, two persons of the seventh and eighth rank, and one person of the ninth rank.

For the tenants under his command (need to pay taxes and perform corvee service), the number of tenants is no more than 15 households in the first and second grades, ten households in the third grade, seven households in the fourth grade, five households in the fifth grade, three households in the sixth grade, and seven households in the seventh grade. There are two households, one for eighth grade and one for ninth grade.

Although there was a customary system for occupying land for officials, Sima Yan's move was still resisted by the wealthy families because Sima Yan's regulations were too far from what they now occupied.

For example, the imperial court stipulated that a first-grade official could only occupy an area of ​​fifty acres, three shelter households, and fifteen households of tenants. However, in fact, the land area may exceed ten acres and there may be hundreds of tenants under his command.

Therefore, they either hide their farmland without repaying it, or they oppose farmers' occupation of cultivated land, which greatly hinders the implementation of the household transfer system. Only less than 10% to 20% can be implemented.

However, Sima Yan's move was still of great benefit. At least it resettled a large number of refugees and idle households on the land to engage in production, which greatly stabilized the order of the world and promoted the development of the country.

The nine-level official system is derived from the Zhongzheng system.

Sima Yan roughly divided all official positions in the imperial court into nine grades, and their salaries were also divided into nine grades. The official ranks of Wanshi and Qianshi in the Han Dynasty were no longer used.

The highest rank is the first-grade official, including the eight princes, including the Taizai, the Taifu, and the Taibao. The titles of the ministers, founding princes, county princes, etc. are mostly for vanity.

Next are the second-rank officers, including special advance, hussar, chariot, general guard, and other generals. The governors of Chijie, Baron Hou Bozi of Kaiguo County, etc. are also mostly vain.

Again, there are the third-rank officials, including Shizhong, Sanqi Changshi, Zhongchangshi, Shangshu Ling, Pushe Shangshu, Zhongshu Jian, Ling Secretary Jian, Zhuzheng, Zhen, An, Ping, Zhongjun, Zhenjun, Fujun, Generals such as front and rear, left and right, Zhenglu, Fuguo, Long Xiang, etc.
At this level, most of them are officials with real power, who control the real lifeblood of the country.

Then there are the fourth-rank officials, the governor of the state, the censor Zhongcheng, the envoy of Dushui, the Huben Zhonglang general, the Wuguan Zhonglang general, etc.

The fifth-rank officials include the prefect of the county, the prime minister of the county, the internal history officer, the captain, the assistant minister of Zhongshu, Pushe of Ji Zhe, the concubine of the prince, etc.

The sixth-rank officials include Shangshu Chenglang, Shiyushi, Changshi, Sima, etc.

The seventh-rank officials include the eunuch of the palace, the chief historian of the Rongman Prefecture, the Sima of the Rongman Prefecture, the prince Xima, and the county magistrate.

The eighth-rank official includes the Inner-Tai Zhengshi Ling, the Inner-Tai Shu Ling Shi, the Outer-Tai Zheng Ling Shi, and Jun Cheng, etc.

Ninth-rank officials, such as Lantai Yezhe, Dushui Huangsha Lingshi, etc. There are officials such as Lingshi, Yezhe, Shucheng, etc.

Through the implementation of the household adjustment system and the nine-level official system, Sima Yan was able to use the excuse to investigate the number of households in the world. Even though aristocratic families tried their best to cover up and hide it, Sima Yan still obtained the latest number of households in the world.

This is another census facing the world since Zhuge Liang conducted a population census in the Xuanwu Year.

Finally, Sima Yan obtained accurate figures. There were more than 20 million people in the country and more than 3 million households, which was no different from Zhuge Liang's estimate of the world's population at that time.

At that time, because Soochow was not yet determined, Zhuge Liang could only rely on the data occupied by the Han Dynasty to estimate the world's population after Soochow was added. Facts have proved that he was not wrong.

This is because wars have continued over the years. Although there is no military disaster like the warlord era, it is enough to bring the world to a standstill.

Another reason was the hiding of the wealthy family and Sima Yan's tolerance.

Sima Yan's method of counting the population was gentler and not as harsh as Zhuge Liang's. Therefore, including the hidden population, there should be 23 million people in the world and 3.5 million households.

(End of this chapter)