Short video spoiler history: The beginning of modern warfare

Chapter 33 Allicin

The scene in the sky changed again.

[There is a simple way to increase the survival rate of premature babies, which is the baby incubator. Even the most basic incubator with heat preservation function can effectively increase the survival rate by more than 29%]

During the Hongwu period, Jinling City.

Under the big locust tree in Tongjing Lane, the midwife Aunt Guo also put down her melon seeds and listened attentively.

She delivers more than a dozen babies every year and is a well-known midwife in the nearby alleys. No one knows the conditions of premature babies better than her, and most of them do not survive more than half a year.

During a normal ten-month gestation period, 2-3 out of ten babies will die, not to mention premature babies who are even weaker.

In front of the Wuying Hall, Zhu Yuanzhang became interested in this, so he casually asked Wang Guangyang about the survival status of infants and young children in the folk in recent years.

Wang Guangyang was stunned for a moment. Although he was promoted to the right prime minister and jointly commanded all officials with Hu Weiyong, he knew his own business. He had no connections in Jinling City, and in order to avoid disaster, he did not interfere in political affairs. He just wanted to be a mascot.

At this moment, because His Majesty values ​​me, I have no choice but to sort out the information I know.

In fact, no one has done relevant statistics since ancient times. Based on the situation of the royal families in Tang and Song dynasties, the survival rate of infants and young children in the folk must be adjusted upward on this basis.

"As far as I know, there has been no relevant statistics since ancient times. During the Song Dynasty, the infant mortality rate of the royal family was about 4%. During the Tang Dynasty, the situation was slightly better, at about 2%."

"Why is there such a big difference?" Zhu Yuanzhang was also surprised.

"This," Wang Guangyang replied, "I really don't know!"

"Even if we use the situation in the Tang Dynasty as a benchmark, the infant mortality rate among the people is probably around 3-4%." Zhu Yuanzhang muttered. The situation of premature babies is even more grim.

[Premature babies are very afraid of cold and have difficulty adapting to the external environment. An incubator is like a small box with an air conditioner to provide warmth for the baby.]

[Because premature babies’ body functions cannot fully interact with the outside world, they are particularly susceptible to respiratory infections]

[This invention is extremely effective. Its most basic function is to keep warm and it can be made using very simple tools]

[The most primitive method is to set up a layer outside the incubator and fill it with warm water, or use a thermos to heat hot water as a heat source]

[This can maintain the internal temperature of the incubator at around 35 degrees Celsius, which can play a very effective role]

[You can add a lid to the incubator. In the early stage, you can use wood to make it. If conditions permit, you can change it to glass material to reduce the harm of the external environment.]

[Avoid dust and bacteria, so that babies can avoid infection, prevent noise and other pathogens, and will not be accidentally bumped and injured]

"Auntie Guo, do you think this method will work?" Under the locust tree, Mrs. Yu stroked her bulging belly and asked with red eyes.

Aunt Guo didn't know either. She had never heard of this matter in all her years of delivering babies, but seeing that Tianmu spoke so seriously, it should be true.

It happened that she was the one who delivered Mrs. Yu’s previous child, but the child was unlucky and died after only a few days of happiness.

So he said, "What Tianmu said is probably not wrong!"

But even so, I'm afraid few poor people can use an incubator, right? To ensure that the temperature of the incubator is controlled within a certain range, the conditions are too harsh.

Jiangling City in Nanjun in the late Han Dynasty.

Liu Bei looked at Doctor Zhang. Ever since he was invited to Jiangling City, the old doctor had been seeing patients near his office. The consultation fees he charged were extremely cheap, and he was deeply loved by the people.

Zhang Zhongjing admitted frankly that he was not sure whether the so-called incubator was effective, but he had been in Changsha for decades and had deep feelings about it.

In folk culture, babies have to go through one stage from pregnancy to birth, another stage when they reach the full month, and another stage when they reach the full year.

The infant mortality rate for children under one year old is as high as 3-4%.

However, the incubator is just a tool, and the dust and bacteria mentioned in later generations may be the cause of illness and infant death.

Dust is easy to explain, but what about bacteria? This is something new that Tianmu mentioned after he mentioned viruses last time.

The medical skills of later generations are probably much more advanced than those of today, but the things they mention are always confusing.

At the same time, Zhang Zhongjing was also keenly aware that the incubator for premature babies was very similar to the way people in later generations dealt with the plague. Both adopted an "isolation" method, and the main idea was prevention. Could it be that the dust, bacteria, and other pathogens that Tianmu mentioned are around us and we can usually come into contact with them?

Although dust is very fine, it can still be traced and will become visible under light. However, no one has ever seen bacteria, and the virus mentioned last time has also never been seen.

If Tianmu had not always been so sure about what he said, Zhang Zhongjing would probably have regarded it as the nonsense of some young boy.

Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong knew that they knew nothing about medicine, so they focused their thinking on temperature.

I have discussed temperature a lot before, but I thought it was of little use at the time. Now it seems that I was ignorant.

How to accurately divide the temperature is a problem.

And what is glass?
[Based on this, you can expand your thinking and, with an incubator, you can manually hatch eggs in batches]

[You can use a house or cave, and keep the temperature at around 37.8 degrees Celsius]

[However, the size, variety, ambient temperature, etc. of the eggs will cause the incubation temperature to vary slightly.]

[But the highest temperature will not exceed 38.5 degrees Celsius, and the lowest temperature will not be lower than 36.5 degrees Celsius]

[Incubation temperature is very important for the hatching stage of chicks. The relative humidity should not be lower than 60% during hatching, and it is best to keep it between 65% and 70%]

[Higher humidity is conducive to chicks pecking shells, while low humidity will cause sticky hair]

During the incubation period, the humidity must be high at the beginning and low at the end. Generally, the humidity is 6% to 55% before 60 days, and it must be maintained at around 6% after 55 days. The temperature for incubating chicken eggs is similar to that for goose eggs. Have you learned it?]

Ah? ? ?
Can eggs be hatched artificially?

Zhang Fei looked at the sky and saw layers of eggs piled up on racks in the house. He felt a little confused.

If eggs are hatched artificially, what about the hens?

So what about thermometers and hygrometers? How do you calibrate them?

Thermometers are made of mercury and glass. Mercury can be replaced by oil. Please try the details yourself.

How to calibrate?

《Use the ice-water mixture as 0 degrees, and boiling water as 100 degrees, and then divide it equally》

"Glass was called colored glaze in ancient times. It was not available until after the Tang Dynasty. It takes 1400 degrees to make glass, which is impossible."

Pang Tong spread out the yellow paper and wrote it down carefully.

0 degrees - ice-water mixture.

100 degrees - boiling water.

Firing glass - the raw material is unknown, and 1400 degrees is required. After knowing the specific reference conditions, the next step is to make a tool to measure temperature: a thermometer.

Uh. You can’t make a thermometer without glass. Pang Tong was also discouraged.

"Increasing the population requires correct antibacterial procedures first, and Caesarean sections second."

"No, the first thing to increase the population is to develop agriculture and increase food production. The population will naturally increase in peacetime. A life without pressure is a life of having many children and happiness. ~~~"

《Premature babies usually stay in the hospital for 1-2 months, while normal babies only need to be cared for for 3-5 days.》

"In ancient times, 60% of maternal and infant deaths were caused by infection, 20% by difficult labor, and even premature births were one in ten and could be ignored."

Infection? Is that what Tianmu said, infected with bacteria? Or illness?

Zhang Zhongjing expected Tianmu to say more, but Tianmu's comments were superficial and disappointing.

[Penicillin is one of the most widely used and effective antibiotics we have at present. It is one of the must-have magic drugs for time travel. Unfortunately, it may take a lot of time and luck to make penicillin.]

[However, the extremely simple preparation process of allicin can be used as an emergency alternative before this.]

[Below I will introduce the preparation method of allicin. You should know that in modern times, these two medicines can also be called miracle drugs.]

During the Zhenguan period, Chang'an City.

Li Shimin was cheered up, it was a miracle drug!

He knew that anything produced by Tianmu must be of high quality.

This was the case with previous fertilizers, papermaking and printing, soap, etc. To be honest, soap is much better than the soapberry pills used by the royal family before. It produces more foam, can be added with various desired scents, and is very easy to clean, just rinse with water.

You know, the best-selling product in Chang'an City now is soap.

In the 109 wards of Chang'an City, common people, peddlers, scholars, wealthy families, princes and nobles, and doctors in medical clinics all listened attentively with serious expressions.

This is a miracle medicine praised by later generations!
Judging from the name, is it made from garlic?

In Nanjun at the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei and others took it seriously.

Many soldiers found pens and ink, with serious expressions on their faces. After all, they were living in troubled times and might be able to use them.

There are many skills but not too much!

[Garlicin is a light yellow powder or light yellow oily liquid, usually with a strong odor]

[It should be noted that fresh garlic does not contain allicin. It must be crushed before the alliinase contained in it can be activated to catalyze the formation of alliin.]

[The method of preparing allicin is to crush the garlic, let it stand for half an hour, put it in a container, add water (or ethanol) and distill it (do not boil it). The light yellow oily liquid in the condensate contains allicin.]

[When conditions permit, you can use reduced pressure steam distillation]

[Distillation temperature below 80 degrees Celsius can increase the content of allicin]

【It can be eaten to achieve a sterilizing effect】

[If simply applied to the wound, allicin will locally irritate the wound, causing pain, swelling, etc., so it should not be easily attached to the wound. External injuries should be sterilized with medical disinfectant alcohol.]

[As a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, allicin has many benefits]

[Now antibiotics are divided into antibacterial and antifungal types, and allicin can be both antibacterial and antifungal]

[And there are basically no side effects, and bacteria and fungi will not become resistant to allicin]

As the sky screen plays, its manufacturing process is also displayed to everyone.

It can be seen that later generations used a rather strange device to collect the evaporated liquid through a catheter.

Moreover, the steps are extremely simple, just like the previous various production processes, giving people an extremely absurd feeling.

"Magic medicine!"

Li Shimin was amazed. He mashed the garlic and let it sit for half an hour, which is the time of an incense stick. Then he added water to distill it. He collected the distilled liquid through that strange external thing. The best distillation temperature is below 80 degrees.

But what diseases are treated?
Bacteria and fungi?
This is really unheard of!
The city of Chang'an erupted in cheers, and everyone was cheering and encouraged, because the process of producing allicin was extremely simple, and the raw materials involved were not expensive, so they could also produce it.

In Nanjun during the late Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing carefully wrote down the steps for making allicin on paper, without talking to anyone, and confirmed it again following the video on the sky screen.

Then the efficacy of the drug is marked next to it: antibacterial and antifungal.

It matches the previous video. Can newborns take allicin if they are infected?

Zhang Zhongjing was hesitant, but he treated it as a backup option.

Liu Bei's face turned red with excitement!

Miraculous medicine!
"If I invented penicillin, World War II would have to be fought in my yard."

"Will the whole world fight you together?"

"In those days when a cut could easily lead to death, I invented penicillin~"

"When did people start using or eating garlic in ancient times?"

Brought back by Zhang Qian during the Han Dynasty after his second mission to the Western Regions

During the Yuanshou period, Liu Che was stunned, and then ecstatic.

Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions was more than 20 years ago, and he was away for more than 10 years. Later, in the third year of Yuanshuo, he took advantage of the civil strife among the Xiongnu and fled back to Chang'an.

Of the more than 100 people on the diplomatic mission, only Zhang Qian, his Xiongnu wife, and Tang Yifu were left when they returned.

When the beggar, who was dark, thin, unkempt, and emitting a sour smell, stood in front of him, he did not recognize him.

"Send the message to Zhang Qian!"

Then he asked someone to bring him pictures of garlic. The more he looked at them, the more delighted he became.

I thought the man had no chance of finding this miraculous medicine, so I just ordered someone to draw it for future search. I didn't expect that.
Papermaking, printing, allicin.

Liu Che was full of confidence and said, "This time, I want to build the Great Wall in European style."

"If Huo Qubing had a can of allicin, the whole world would say hello to you"

(End of this chapter)