Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 808 Open Hearth Steelmaking (Technical Paper)

Because of the use of coal gas, coke is no longer needed in the steelmaking process, and even coal that is not suitable for coking can be provided with gas fuel through the gas generator.The combustion flame formed by the mixture of air and gas fuel spreads over two-thirds of the height of the furnace, and rushes to the top of the charge surface.The furnace through which the flame passes is a rectangular shallow groove made of heat-resistant materials. In order to prevent the solid particles in the waste gas from settling in the brick lattice, the waste gas first passes through the sedimentation chamber to settle the solid particles, and then is discharged to the chimney.During this process of exhaust gas discharge, the exhaust gas transfers part of the heat to the gas and air entering the furnace through the brick grid channel.As a result, the flame temperature in the furnace rose to 1650°C.

Because the Siemens-Martin open-hearth steelmaking method can smelt a large amount of metal at a higher temperature, it has been widely used and become the mainstream of the steelmaking process in the 20th century.

The refractory lining on the inner side of Ma Niao's open hearth furnace is made of magnesia bricks produced by the bittern factory.The bittern factory in the Mariao Salt Field extracts magnesium hydroxide from bittern, a by-product of industrial salt production, and then calcines it at a high temperature to make refractory bricks.This kind of brick lining belongs to alkaline furnace.

The early converters and blast furnaces used silicate fireproof materials, which is the so-called acid furnace. The acid furnace can remove manganese, silicon, carbon and other elements in ore and pig iron, but cannot remove phosphorus.Make steelmaking and ironmaking either only use phosphorus-free iron ore, or only produce low-quality steel.Britain has a large amount of phosphorus-free iron ore, which makes it a great advantage in the industrial revolution.The appearance of the alkaline method has greatly increased the utilization rate of various low-quality iron ores.Germany's steel industry was able to catch up, largely thanks to the alkaline furnace process.

Iron ore in China generally contains phosphorus, so most of the pig iron purchased from Guangdong contains more phosphorus and is brittle in texture.In the past, when the converter was used, the phosphorus content was removed through the slagging process, adding baking soda and limestone.However, this process is not thorough enough to remove, and the quality of the produced steel is not good.
This time Ji Wusheng decided to adopt the alkaline method of steelmaking in the open hearth furnace.Magnesia bricks are also used as fireproof linings in blast furnaces.However, the relationship between the acidic method and the alkaline method is not backward and advanced, but two different processes.Which method to use depends on the iron ore and what kind of steel is needed.Therefore, the acid furnace still needs to maintain a certain amount.Ji Wusheng decided that the small converter will continue to use acid lining.

In three or four days, Jikou assembled a dredger and started dredging work in Hongbai Port.The Navy not only dispatched ships and personnel, but also dispatched survey boats to conduct hydrographic surveys in the port, and marked the available channels and berths with buoys.Mond immediately instructed the Port Authority to tow the floating barges in stock to the red card to form a floating trestle for goods to go ashore.The fixed trestle was also put into construction immediately.The wooden piles were driven one by one into the sediment at the bottom of the Red Card Port, and they would form a freight channel extending to the berths in the port.Temporary flatbed truck tracks and cranes will soon be erected on it to unload various construction materials from flatbed barges.

Yanchang Village was re-planned and moved to the newly built Mayiao Commune as a whole.This is a "new countryside" built according to the model of Bairen Commune, and centralized management of residential areas is implemented.Mayiao Commune was positioned as a professional producer of saltworks, and all the labor force was recruited into the saltworks. A small number of local fishermen were relocated to Bopu Commune, which is mainly engaged in fishery production.

Ma Niao Salt Farm is not only the main supplier of edible salt in Lingao, but also the source of chemical raw materials and an important source of income for the Cross Group.Although the financial revenue obtained from selling illegal salt continued to decline in the overall export trade, the source was very reliable and stable. Shang Liu Gang still quietly transported the salt boats from Lingao,

Now, they actually have control over all the salt fields in Hainan -- along the Qiongzhou Strait, there are many seaside salt fields with a long history in Qiongzhou Prefecture.But these saltworks are the same as the former Maliao Saltworks. The salt people fled, the production was sluggish, the production facilities and methods were extremely backward, and the salt output was not high. It urgently needed to be rectified and technologically improved. This was not an overnight thing.Therefore, the Mayiao Salt Field is still their main source of salt.

Due to the foreseeable seawater pollution, some elders thought that they should immediately consider developing and occupying the salt fields in Yinggehai or the coastal areas of Guangdong, and use the salt from Ma Niao only as industrial salt.But Ji Tuisi thinks there is no need to be so nervous.

"In the old time and space, the coast of the Bohai Bay was still the main production area of ​​sea salt. The industrial pollution along the Bohai Sea was much greater than that of a small steel company here. The heavy chemical, steel, and machinery in the Bohai Rim Industrial Belt... which one is not High-pollution industry?" Ji Tuisi said, "The big deal is to get some special salt from Leizhou in the future—they are afraid of eating high-iron salt."

The shell of the first blast furnace was finally completed under intensive 24-hour continuous work, and the 24-hour oven started.After the oven finishes cooling, the blast furnace lining of refractory bricks is built, and the oven is baked again after the lining is completed.

The purpose of the oven is to remove the moisture in the furnace. The moisture will reduce the temperature of the bottom of the furnace, causing accidents of sitting on the bottom and no iron. It will also affect the life of the furnace and cause the furnace wall to crack.

The second oven is more critical. In fact, starting from the second oven, there is no ceasefire in the blast furnace, but continuous production with direct feeding.Therefore, the second oven cannot start until the fine ore powder from Sanya arrives.As for the coke, a lot of it has been accumulated in Bopu, and it is transported to Maniao by boat and broken into coke particles with a size of 20mm, which are loaded into the silo for use.

Thanks to the efforts of the elders in Sanya, at the beginning of February 2th, the big whale finally transported the first shipment of iron ore fine powder from Sanya, and then the two transport ships of the Navy carried out the supply mission and transported back the open hearth ore and the blast furnace One ship each of the ore.Wang Luobin assured that as long as the transportation capacity is sufficient, based on the current inventory situation, 10 to 2 shipments of iron ore fine powder can be sent out every week, with 3 to 150 tons per voyage.This speed of delivery is enough to ensure the continuous production of blast furnaces and flat furnaces.

After discussing with Wu De, Ji Wusheng decided that the time to officially ignite the blast furnace and the flat furnace should be at the end of February, so that a certain amount of iron ore powder can be stored in Lingao to prevent the ore supply from Sanya from being interrupted.

"The ore fine powder and coke should be kept at least one week's worth of production, in case the sea transportation is interrupted or there is a problem with Tiandu's production, we can guarantee that the furnace will not stop." Ji Wusheng said, "There is also steam coal, and the iron and steel plant must have a special project. Reserves - earmarked for special use. It cannot be mixed in the fuel department's total calculation - even thermal coal must be reserved for at least 7 days, and of course the coal used for gasification must also be counted in the quota."

Lingao Iron and Steel Company is a steel company that imports both coke and iron ore, and has a high degree of dependence on foreign countries.Coking coal is shipped from Jiazi Coal Mine in Qiongshan, iron ore is shipped from Sanya, and thermal coal is shipped from Guangdong and Honji, Vietnam.Thermal coal is the blood of steel companies that rely heavily on steam engine power.Without thermal coal, even blowers cannot operate, all kinds of mechanical equipment cannot operate, and of course steelmaking is out of the question.

"Is one week enough?" Wu De expressed concern.In addition to the basically reliable Jiazi Coal Mine, Sanya, which surrounds half of Hainan Island, Hongji, which crosses the Beibu Gulf, and the coal mines in Guangdong on the mainland, are all in a state of unreliability, and Sanya is the most reliable in comparison. , but in case of any serious situation in Sanya: a serious accident or a surprise attack by foreign enemies, I am afraid it will not be able to fully return to normal in a week.

Ji Wusheng shook his head: "I'm afraid it's not enough. But I know the current predicament, especially thermal coal - I heard that there is a big gap."

"It's not so big." Wu De told Ji Wusheng in a low voice that the entire Lingao's thermal coal equivalent to standard coal reserve is only 9 days in stock.

"So little?" Ji Wusheng was taken aback, because once the thermal coal reserves reached 30 days of standard coal reserves after the development of Nanbao Coal Mine and Jiazi Coal Mine, "Hasn't the coal transportation channel in Guangdong been restored?"

"Just recovered, the volume has not come up yet." Wu De said.

The coal supply in Guangdong has been mostly cut off before the Battle of Chengmai. Only the coal from Leizhou was continuously transported to Lingao through the operation of Leizhou Station because of the short distance and easy transportation, but other mainland sources were completely cut off.And the best Hongji anthracite arrives intermittently.very unstable.

"You have to know that steam coal has to be transported to Sanya every week, and the appetite for thermal coal there is getting bigger and bigger." Since Wu De became the dean of the Planning Institute, his hair has gradually become thinner, and the eyebrows have also become knotted. "I'm thankful that I can maintain the nine-day reserve."

He has been thinking about the plan to occupy Hongji.The allure of this super-large open-pit anthracite coal mine is too great.Lingao's industrial system is in great need of such high-quality anthracite coal that is easy to mine and utilize.

At present, Hongji Coal is operated through the Vietnam Trading Company in Leizhou Station, and the Vietnam Trading Company purchases coal through local agents.Ship sugar and exchange it for rice and coal.But the scale of this trade has been modest.

"Chang Shide told me that the exchange ratio of trade with Vietnam is quite favorable to us, but the quantity and variety of trade goods we can provide are a bit small." Ji Wusheng said, "He said that Vietnam's trade in small hardware There is a huge demand for military equipment, and there is a huge demand for military equipment. The Northern and Southern Dynasties are at war almost every day -- on a large scale."

Wu De thought: The biggest problem of Lingao's products is the limited production capacity, and the production capacity is related to the shortage of machinery supply. Of course, the crux of the shortage of machinery is the lack of steel.As long as we open up the situation on the steel issue, everything after that will be easy to handle.

(End of this chapter)