Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 919 Telescope

"Okay. It's a coincidence."

Lin Hanlong pointed to a half-assembled machine and said, "Surface grinder. It can be assembled and tested next week."

Qian Shuiting turned his head back and forth, comparing the surface grinder with the spherical grinder next to it, "It feels very similar in structure."

"It's basically the same design. But the mold moves in a plane, and this part is slightly different."

"You said that these are made of binoculars for the navy? I remember that they were not equipped with binoculars until the Battle of Tsushima, right? They are very expensive. How much do you cost for these binoculars?"

As an answer, Lin Hanlong walked to the side of the workbench and picked up a spotting telescope and handed it to Qian Shuiting.From a modern point of view, the workmanship of this telescope is relatively rough.The lens barrel is shiny brass, but machining scratches can be seen here and there on the barrel.A protective ring is made on the eyepiece, which feels like leather.Pulling the lens barrel back and forth has no obvious sense of blockage, but it's not very smooth either.

"This one is going to be used by the army, and it is the cheapest. It takes five man-hours to make one." Lin Hanlong smiled wryly, "But it took a lot of lip service to get this bit of brass. There is no way, there is nothing better than brass right now." material to make the lens barrel."

Qian Shuiting made the calculation silently. "It's less than three yuan circulation coupons, which can be converted into up to three cents of cash. It would be great if this thing can be taken out. It sells for 50 taels of silver each. It's absolutely crazy."

"It can be delivered. I have better ones." Lin Hanlong said and handed over a spotting telescope.

This new telescope looks very different.Although the brass lens barrel is also full of scratches, the shape is relatively flat and suitable for hand grasping, which obviously has ergonomic considerations.There is a large knob in the middle of the lens barrel, and you can see the lens barrel expand and contract by itself when you turn it.

"This will take fifteen man-hours to make."

"Oh, so expensive. What's the benefit?"

Lin Hanlong led Qian Shuiting out through a side door, and pointed to the chimney in the distance for him to compare.Under the light of the gas street lamp, the five-hour bargain can only barely see the shape of the chimney in a cloud of shadows, and the edges are blurred.Fifteen working hours of high-end products can clearly distinguish the cracks in the bricks on the chimney and the wisps of white smoke.The difference between the two can be seen at a glance. "This is exactly the same as the one we brought. Absolutely worth the money."

Lin Hanlong shook his head: "The level is still quite different. This is just for practice, but no one wants it."

Lin Hanlong explained that the embarrassment of this kind of thing is that it can't be up or down.The army likes cheap products, because they can be equipped with a large number of indigenous grassroots officers, scouts and gunners, and loss or damage is not a problem.The navy wanted binoculars, and the quality of the monoculars was good, but they didn't like them.As for the veteran officers, no matter what, they have a few authentic military products brought by the old time and space, so the effect is naturally higher.

As for the price of the binoculars—it took a week to hand-polish the prism and silver plating, it took nearly a week to process the lens barrel, and it took Lin Hanlong and two people more than three days to assemble and adjust, and finally got three finished products.Coupled with the cost of the lens, it takes more than [-] working hours to convert a pair of binoculars.However, this is the man-hour of manual trial production at present. After the surface grinder is adjusted and the lens barrel technology is mature, the man-hour is expected to be greatly reduced.On the other hand, non-combat ships of the Navy will not be equipped with binoculars.If there are veteran officers on the main battleship, there will also be telescopes brought by the old time and space.So what is really needed is only a part of the combat and patrol ships with only naturalized personnel.Lin Hanlong estimated that a hundred or two hundred would be enough.

"This is the power of industry." Qian Shuiting sighed.In other parts of the world, the most primitive telescope is also a high-end military product that cannot be found.In Lingao, the binoculars, which have been ahead of the world for nearly 300 years, are only mass products of up to [-] man-hours.

Putting down the binoculars, Qian Shuiting put on the sunglasses again, and watched with great interest as Lin Hanlong showed him how to make an aspheric lens.This aspherical lens is simply a drop of molten glass.Melted glass naturally forms a curved surface because of surface tension.If they are glass blanks with the same diameter and weight, it can be expected that the curved surfaces formed by them after melting are basically the same.This method is suitable for making lenses with small diameter and small focal length, such as objective lenses of microscopes.Historically, Leeuwenhoek used molten glass rods as objective lenses and made more than 100 microscopes.His technique was lost after his death and was not rediscovered until more than 100 years later.Here at Lin Hanlong, the blanks are cut from the glass rod one by one, and after making sure that they are of the same weight, they are placed on a tin plate, and then heated and melted with a gas torch.As long as the heat is well controlled, it is easy to make products with a high degree of consistency and a good finish.After that, it only needs to be polished a little to become a finished product.

Qian Shuiting suddenly asked excitedly: "Old Lin, how about making a color-changing mirror? It must be fashionable and worth breaking the watch." He saw Lin Hanlong smiled awkwardly, and the question became abrupt.Quickly ask what is the key in this.

The principle of the photochromic mirror is actually relatively simple, that is, fine particles of silver bromide and copper oxide are added to the lens glass.Silver bromide decomposes into bromine and silver under strong light, and the color becomes darker.In low light, copper oxide catalyzes the recombination of bromine and silver to become transparent.However, it is easier said than done. There is no mass-produced silver bromide in Lingao, and it is also difficult to turn solid chemicals into fine particles.Therefore, the photochromic mirror cannot be crafted yet.However, once the technology of the daguerreotype is broken, the same process can be used to produce the necessary raw materials for photochromic mirrors.At the current stage, it is not a big problem for Lingao to make some colored sunglasses.

"If you can get natural crystals on a large scale, you can make brown sunglasses." Lin Hanlong remembered that many crystals in Donghai County were brown.

Lin Hanlong said and led Qian Shuiting to a row of wooden frames.The wooden shelf is full of boxes, and when you open the box, there are piles of glass in different colors and shapes.There is a form pasted on the box cover, densely filled with data such as formula and processing process.These are all based on mass-produced glass raw materials, and then add various minerals that Lingao can get.

"Oh, that's how you found the formula?"

Lin Hanlong smiled wryly. "No. This kind of matching is basically a blind man's guessing, and he has no idea." He tossed with the veterans of the Ministry of Chemical Industry for almost a month, trying to prepare optical glass with a small crucible, but the result was not good.Without quantitative analysis, not only the color of the glass produced is difficult to remove, but more importantly, each batch is different.In the end, there was no other way. The soft and hard foam was specially approved by the executive committee, and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to measure a batch of selected samples.This modern analytical equipment can be described as a cheating artifact like golden thighs, and within two hours, the precise composition of various elements in the sample was figured out.On this basis, referring to the optical glass process manual, the Ministry of Chemical Industry quickly produced a passable optical glass sample.Now, four or five grades of glass can be made with confidence, including the most common crown and flint glass.However, the quantity of this batch of glass is limited, which will be a hidden worry in the future.

Looking at Qian Shuiting in astonishment, Lin Hanlong further explained that in order to ensure the consistency of the products, the Ministry of Chemical Industry specially set aside [-] tons of glass raw materials. Made on this sample of twenty tons of raw material.

Now the production of ordinary glass is very large, the original source of mines has been dug out, and now the quartz sand produced in Changhua is used.The quality of Changhua's quartz sand is very good, but it goes without saying that the composition of the new product will not be exactly the same as before.

"However, when the [-] tons are used up, I guess it will be in the late [-]th." Lin Hanlong said confidently, "I will build a Bunsen spectrometer after this period of work is over, and then I won't have to rely entirely on modern equipment. .”

After walking around in the optics workshop, Qian Shuiting felt a little bit exhausted.He was about to say goodbye when he saw Lin Hanlong slap his head, "Ah, your laser has been repaired, just to show you."

Lin Hanlong led Qian Shuiting out of the workshop, walked half a circle and walked a short distance.In front is a row of bungalows, but the doors and windows are closed in summer.Lin Hanlong opened a door to signal Qian Shuiting to go in, and there was another door inside.Qian Shuiting noticed that the door was covered with thick insulation material.Lin Hanlong followed in, closed the door behind him, and opened the door in front.

The light in the room was dim, but there was a cool air blowing towards the face.

"In the optical assembly workshop, the temperature has been somewhat controlled," Lin Hanlong said.Bronze pipes line the walls luxuriously.

"This is a ground-energy air conditioner. It has just been installed," Lin Hanlong explained from the side. The use of air supply to cool down can no longer meet the demand, and using ice cubes will increase the humidity in the air, so the ground-energy air conditioner was installed with special approval. .

The temperature control effect of the ground energy air conditioner is remarkable. It can maintain a relatively constant temperature no matter in winter or summer, and there is no problem of increasing air humidity, but it needs to consume a lot of copper.Therefore, only a very small number of units in Lingao can install this kind of air conditioner.

Temperature control during assembly is mainly to prevent unnecessary errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction.Although a lot of optical equipment made by Lingao does not require high precision, Lin Hanlong always believes that it is much better to have strict standards from the beginning than to tighten them later.

Qian Shuiting noticed that several workers in the room were concentrating on operating the equipment, and he followed Lin Hanlong quietly around several workbenches and walked into another room without making a sound.There is no one else in this room, only a few workbenches, on which are placed some instruments that were obviously brought by the traversing people.Lin Hanlong walked to a workbench, on which there was a vise holding a cylindrical object.He reached out and touched it, and a red light spot was shot on the far wall.Lin Hanlong signaled Qian Shuiting to go to the light spot, pointing and saying:
"The light spot is five meters away, and the error will not exceed one millimeter."

Qian Shuiting leaned over to look at the light spot, which happened to hit the center of a small cross hair.He nodded.

Lin Hanlong walked back to the workbench, turned off the laser, took it off the vise, and handed it to Qian Shuiting. "The epoxy from the sky before yesterday should be completely dry by now."

Qian Shuiting hurriedly thanked him.This small laser is Qian Shuixie's laser pistol sight, which accidentally fell from a high place and hit a rock during training a few days ago.The housing was knocked flat and the laser was no longer collimated.The shell now appears to be fully restored, and the lasers appear to be on point.

"Just one thing, this thing is heavier than before." Lin Hanlong picked up a broken part on the table. "Your centering taper is made of engineering plastic, and it's cracked. I made you one out of copper. It works just as well, but it's heavier."

Qian Shuiting suddenly remembered, "You mean epoxy resin? Isn't that the modern product we brought?"

Lin Hanlong snorted. "Yes. But this thing has an expiry date, and it will be scrapped if left alone."

Qian Shuiting held the sight, tossed it in his palm, and put it in his pocket.Then say goodbye.On the way Lin Hanlong sent him out of the assembly workshop, he met a naturalized migrant worker looking at him for help.Lin Hanlong nodded to the workers, then opened the door to send Qian Shuiting out.

Qian Shuiting felt that his trip was not in vain.It not only deepened my friendship in the technical house, but also gained a deeper understanding of optics.He smugly said to Lin Hanlong: "Old Lin! Since everyone thinks highly of me, I was elected as the speaker. To be honest, although I was elected, I have no idea in my heart. But since I, Qian, have been elected, I will do it for everyone. Do something. Don't worry, I will take some action in the near future, and I will speak for our veterans on the front line, so that everyone can see the importance of us."

Lin Hanlong nodded. "Then wait for the good news."

After seeing off Qian Shuiting, Lin Hanlong returned to the assembly workshop.The worker who asked for help just now was operating a knife-edge instrument to test the newly ground lens, and seemed not sure about the result.Lin Hanlong sat down, looked at the edge of the knife, stretched out his hand to turn the turntable in front of the edge of the knife, looked again, and then pulled the edge of the knife left and right.

"Your is a virtual light. The hole is too big and the reflection is too strong, so you can see it is bright, covering up the real image." Lin Hanlong raised his head and looked at the workers. "Adjust it like this, and change it to a smaller pinhole to see it."

Lin Hanlong sighed secretly in his heart seeing the worker's half-understanding obedience.Originally, he wanted to go on to explain the principle of the knife-edge instrument, but no matter how he explained it, it seemed that it was impossible for workers who had held hoes all their lives and were still attending adult literacy classes to understand the principles of physical optics.We can only let them slowly accumulate experience in practice, hoping to make fewer low-level mistakes in the future.

Lin Hanlong waited for a while, watched the native workers operate, and walked away after confirming that the other party had taken the initiative.He walked to the other side of the room, where someone was assembling the telescope.He stood behind the assembler for a moment, then patted the shoulder to move out of the way.He sat down and glanced at the starlight mirror placed in the distance.The brightness of the sodium yellow gas lamp is very good, and there is no problem with the light spots from the starlight mirror.The mirror for the telescope had been glued to the brass mounting ring. He reached out and turned the ring, carefully observing the light spot refracted from the mirror.After a few turns, he turned to the assembler and asked, "What do you think?"

"Report to the chief! I think this side needs to be polished again!" The middle-aged assembler reached out from the side and pointed to the marked place on the ring.

Lin Hanlong snorted and nodded for him to continue working.Nowadays, there is a lack of precision machining methods that can be mass-produced, and there is no easy-to-use glue or adjustment screws. The only way to do optical assembly is to research and match.In other words, it is to use files, whetstones, and sandpaper to trim the mechanical parts for installation to achieve better precision as possible.Needless to say this is inefficient and the parts are not interchangeable, but it is still many times better than the rest of the world which is still figuring out the principles of optics.

After coming out of the assembly workshop, Lin Hanlong returned to his office to drink a few sips of tea, and then went out to inspect the workshop a few times.Time passed quickly, and it was 11 o'clock in the evening.It's time for a "lunch" break.Lin Hanlong whispered a few words to his apprentice, who hurried to the workshop supervisor on duty
He bit his ear.Lin Hanlong stood still beside a grinder and took out his watch.

Dangdang—dangdang—dangdang——

Suddenly a bell rang in the workshop, and it was the workshop supervisor ringing the emergency bell.Different bells represent different meanings, and two short tones are fire alarms.

The workers in the workshop whispered to each other.fire!It's the fire alarm!Everyone pulled down the parking wrench of the machine one after another, and after a quick inventory, they began to walk outside.Lin Hanlong stopped the worker who wanted to turn off the grinder.

"This is a drill. Don't move this machine, let it run." The worker agreed, bowed and left.

Within 1 minute, all the machinery and equipment in the workshop stopped, and people almost left.The workshop supervisor led two people around the workshop, and finally came to Lin Hanlong.

"Chief! Everyone has left, and everything has been checked in accordance with the regulations, and everything is in place!"

Lin Hanlong nodded with satisfaction: "One minute and twenty seconds, not bad. Go out and count the heads."

All the indigenous workers outside the workshop have already lined up.The team leaders on duty reported the number of people to the supervisor, and the supervisor reported to Lin Hanlong that all the staff had arrived.

Lin Hanlong waved his hand: "You did well today, let's eat."

Several people were already waiting outside the workshop door with food boxes and two burdens.Around their necks, they all had bamboo badges hanging on ropes.Hearing Lin Hanlong let the meal go, they immediately relieved a burden.On one side of the burden is a large rice bucket, and on the other side are two layers of smaller vegetable buckets, which are stacked like a steamer.They set up a small wooden table, put the vegetable bucket on the table, put the rice bucket aside, and put the rice spoon and vegetable spoon on the table.Another set of burdens was also unloaded and arranged. On one side was a bucket of soup, and on the other side were layers of small drawers like the tool cabinets of later generations.All utensils that come into direct contact with food are made of tin or galvanized iron, with lids to ensure adequate hygiene.

(End of this chapter)