Ming Zhengzhi, I am Zheng Kezang

Tibetans first lived on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet. During archaeological excavations in Nyalam, Nagqu, Nyingchi, Qamdo and other areas, cultural relics from the Neolithic and Paleolithic ages have been discovered.According to ancient Tibetan historical documents, the earliest clans in the Shannan area of ​​Tibet formed the tribes of the Six Yak Tribes called "Bo".During the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Central Plains, the leader of the Yalong tribe in the Shannan area became the leader of the local tribal alliance, known as "Zanpu" (king), had entered the slavery society, and had direct contacts with the Han nationality and various tribes in the Northwest region.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Yalong tribe annexed the Subi and Yangtong tribes by force, and Zamp Songtsen Gampo ruled the entire Tibet area.Since then, he established his capital in Luosa (now Lhasa), appointed officials, divided military and political regions, created characters, formulated laws, unified weights and measures, and established a slavery dynasty called "Bo", which is called "Tubo" in Chinese historical records .

After the Tubo government was established, the political, economic, and cultural exchanges between Tibetans and various ethnic groups with Han as the main body developed greatly, and Tubo had more and more frequent contacts with the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Tang Ruizong Jingyun (15), Zanpu Songtsen Gampo married Princess Tang Jincheng.The two princesses successively introduced the high civilization of the Tang Dynasty and the advanced production technology of the Central Plains to Tubo. This has played a positive role in strengthening the relationship between the Tibetan and Han ethnic groups, strengthening economic and cultural exchanges, and promoting the development of Tibetan society.

But the peace between Tang and Tibet is not the mainstream. The two countries have fought a long and brutal war.

Tubo conquered the regimes of Tuyuhun in Qinghai and Nanzhao in Yunnan, and successively annexed the Qiang tribes in the northwest and the barbarians in the southwest. In the first year of Guangde (763), they invaded Chang'an.However, due to the long-term use of troops, the human and material resources in Tubo were greatly depleted, social production was damaged, and internal conflicts intensified.At the end of the Five Dynasties, the Tubo royal family was divided and internal strife broke out in various regions. A massive uprising of slaves and subjects broke out, which greatly shook the rule of the Tubo regime, and the Tibetan slavery society gradually disintegrated.

Since then, the entire Tibetan areas have not belonged to each other, forming a split and separatist situation in the transition to the feudal serf system.

Among them, in the west of Tibet, the Ngari local government was established for a long time; the leaders of the Liugu tribe in central Gansu and the Jisiluo tribe in the east of Qinghai were conferred by the central government and developed the tea-horse race between the Han and Tibetan ethnic groups. trading.

In the rest of the Tibetan areas, politically, many powerful groups controlled by local wealthy families gradually emerged; economically, many self-sufficient settlements based on individual small production gradually emerged, and exchanges developed to a certain extent; The Buddhism introduced from the Hehan area absorbed some content of the primitive religion of the Tibetan area, and was widely believed by people, and gradually formed a local religion with sects spread all over the country, that is, the so-called Tibetan Buddhism. .

The spread and development of Tibetan Buddhism has penetrated into all areas of Tibetan people's lives. The upper echelons of monasteries are often closely integrated with local wealthy families, resulting in a system of theocracy under the rule of emerging local forces.

The Yuan Dynasty unified the divided situation in the Tibetan areas under the rule of the Central Dynasty.The central government set up the Xuanzhengyuan (originally named the General System Yuan) to manage Buddhist affairs across the country and military and political affairs in Tibetan areas. The fifth patriarch of the Tibetan Sakya Sect, Bhasiba, was the emperor and also served as the Xuanzhengyuan.Set up three Propaganda and Consolation Envoys and Marshals' Mansions in each Tibetan-inhabited area, respectively governing the Tibetan areas and Tibetan areas in the northwest and southwest provinces, and set up 13 households in Wusi Tibet (referring to the former and later Tibetan areas east of Ngari) The government sent personnel to check the household registration, set up post stations, and determine taxes.The central government issued fief documents to affirm the possession of the manors owned by the feudal lords in various places, and sealed letters to establish the powers of officials at all levels. It was called the "land of natives in counties and counties" in the Yuan Dynasty in history. This was the beginning of the official establishment of the central government in Tibet.The administration of the Ming and Qing dynasties to Tibetan areas was developed on the basis of the old system of the Yuan Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty basically inherited the rule and management methods of the Yuan Dynasty for the Tibetan areas in the northwest and southwest, and retreated to the policy of "multiple feudalism and public construction" in the Tibetan area.At the same time, through tribute and rewards, exchange what is needed, reflecting the political affiliation between Tibet and the central government.

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming government's control over Tibetan areas gradually weakened.In the Ming Dynasty, the fourth Panchen Lama invited the Mongolian Weitra tribe to move to Qinghai. The leader of the Heshuote tribe, Gushri Khan, then occupied Kamu (Kham), Wei (former Tibet), and Zang (later Tibet) and captured Lhasa and drove away the believers. The Zangba Khan of the Karma Kagyu sect made the Yellow Sect finally establish the highest religious status in Mongolia and Tibet.

After the Qing government entered the Central Plains, because it was too long to take care of the distant Qinghai-Tibet Kangwei, it could only adopt the policy of fetters, and maintained its suzerainty over the plateau area by canonizing the Dalai Lama and recognizing the authority of King Heshuot Khan.However, with the prosperity of the Zhungeer Empire, the two places of U-Tibet fell into the hands of Tsengarabutan.

However, the prosperous Zhungeer Empire no longer has the power to further touch Kham, so a number of buffer zones have been formed between U-Tsang and Sichuan and Yunnan controlled by the Central Plains Dynasty. It is a small local government subordinate to Lhasa but actually independent.

For these chieftains, the Sichuan authorities of the Qing court who were confronting Zheng Fan were unable to control them, but the Huaxia Dynasty, which had regained the entire Sichuan, was unwilling to give up control of them.On September [-]th in the second year of Wucheng, the day after the Huaxia Dynasty formally established Xichuan Province, Wuchangxing immediately ordered the establishment of the Xichuan Branch of the Prime Minister's Foreign Affairs Office in Chengdu and dispatched ambassadors for foreign affairs.

At the beginning of December of the second year of Wucheng, the Huaxia Dynasty set up the Songpan Propaganda Division on the basis of Songpanwei in the Ming Dynasty and Songpan Town of the Qing Army, and the Lifan Propagation and Consolation Division (Li County ), and one person from the Chengdu prefecture will concurrently serve as the consolation envoy of the two places, and the chieftains of Jiarong, such as Suomo, Zhuokeji, Songgang, and Danba, as well as the big and small Jinshan, and even further away Ganzi, Dege and other places. indirect rule.

On February [-]th of the third year of Wucheng, the Huaxia Dynasty appointed the prefect of Yazhou to concurrently serve as the comfort envoy of Kangzang to control the Tibetan area in the west of Dadu River; , with Ningyuan prefect concurrently serving as appeasement envoy to implement fetters on Dizang and Yi in Muli, Yanyuan, Yanbian, Huili, Yuexi, etc.

"Master Liu, although I have been ordered to be in charge of the prefect of Yazhou, I mainly focus on the affairs of the Tibetans. I would like to ask Mr. Liu to assist in the county affairs." Zhuge Fengye, who had just been transferred from the central government to be the prefect of Yazhou, pointed at the two middle-ranking officials in front of him. The young man said so. "As for the management and construction of Fucheng, I also ask Mr. Wang to take care of it."

The local organizational structure of the Huaxia Dynasty is different from that of previous dynasties.Among them, there is one magistrate from the fourth rank, one Tongzhi from the fifth rank, and one to three people from the general judgment from the fifth rank according to the size of the mansion. One person and one person each with experience, ranging from officials below.Among them, the Tongzhi should be regarded as the deputy of the magistrate, the general judge is the supervisor, and the master book, Zhaomo, and experience should all be regarded as office staff.As for the nine rooms such as the official room, workshop, water room, criminal room, and government treasury order, although they can be regarded as part of the government office, they are just administrative agencies.Moreover, according to Zheng Kezang's order for Fuguo Licheng issued earlier in the morning, the (prefecture) city management is usually in charge of the general judge, which is why Zhuge Fengye said this.

There are two levels of status between Tongzhi and the magistrate. Wang Tongpan is naturally obedient, and Liu Tongzhi is also respectful. This is because although Tongzhi and the magistrate are only one level apart in name, in fact this level is extremely difficult to cross. .Generally speaking, it is necessary to have the qualifications of foreign ministers of various ministries and prefectures of Zhili prefectures to move forward smoothly, not to mention that Zhuge Fengye also serves as Kang Zang Xuan comfort envoy, and his rank is higher, which is equivalent to staying behind in the left behind mansion Positive four products.

Therefore, the two responded respectfully: "Please rest assured, my lord, the next official will know what to do."

Zhuge Fengye nodded, and turned his eyes to the back of the two: "My lords, the barbarians are afraid of power but not virtuous. If you want to suppress the Gamu tribe, soldiers are indispensable. Although He Zongzhen has sent a brigade, but There are still many shortcomings in order to deter the Tibetans, so clarifying the household registration in the mansion and verifying the acres of land is the top priority, and you adults must not slack off."

Zhuge Fengye's first fire when he took office was Qingzhang Tianmu and Qingli Hukou, which made the officials present a little terrified. Among them, Xia Huai'en, who was the former county magistrate in the southern part of the Qing court, was the first to bear the brunt of this matter, so he hesitated and stood up: "The government My lord, although the population and acres of land in Qingli are the national policy of the imperial court, the situation in Yazhou Prefecture is different from other places."

The so-called difference is that the population of Yazhou is mixed with Han and Tibetans, and if you are not careful, it will cause chaos. In addition, there are quite a few soldiers and civilians from Eastern Sichuan who followed Li Sijiu. good."

"Calm down?" Zhuge Fengye sneered. "He Zhen is in Chengdu, and my lord thinks that anyone would dare to take the blame."

These words are a bit murderous. The killing of disobedients by the Huaxia Dynasty is not much less than that of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, let alone the [-] troops of Hegan, just one brigade staying in the territory of Yazhou Prefecture is enough to make people big and small. The Han and Tibetan local tyrants were frightened.

Seeing Xia Huai'en's reticence, Zhuge Fengye didn't say much, but told someone in the back row: "Mao Sikong, you have to work harder here, go to Chengdu a few more times, and build an envoy to the Chengdu Ministry of Industry." Mr. Wang Han really asked for more cement, Yazhou Prefecture has many mountains and little land, and only relying on the benefits of tea horses, this road is the key."

In the eyes of Zhuge Fengye, this road is not only the key to connecting Chengdu, but also the key to the Huaxia Dynasty's infiltration into Kham. Even the communication with Lhasa depends on the smooth flow of this road, so he paid great attention to it: " Although the imperial court does not enlist the common people to do labor, the imperial court also did not say that the Tibetans can be regarded as one person. This official is also a touchstone to see how many Kham chieftains are obedient and obedient."