young marshal spring and autumn

After Zhang Hanqing gradually settled the situation between the two lakes, the next move was on the table.Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan and Guizhou are beyond reach (Southern Hunan and western Hunan have not yet been conquered, Zhang Hanqing encircled and suppressed with a division of new recruits and Jin Yun'e's brigade, while training troops, while serving as a buffer for Southwest and South China).Sichuan has inconvenient transportation and has been torn apart. It is difficult to achieve a climate in the short term. Instead, it is directly guarding the heart of the north, backed by Gyeonggi, and has a large population of Henan and Hebei.

Zhang Hanqing decided to go eastward to Anhui where the troops were weak, and then based on Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai to obtain important financial support in East China.At this time, Anhui Xu Shiying's policies of opposing election bribery, withdrawing supervisors and disarming troops when he was in power encountered strong resistance from local warlords, and disputes in Anhui continued.

In October 1921, Xu Shiying was appointed in danger and served as the seventh governor of Anhui Province.In the second year of taking office, he announced that the qualifications of bribery elections arranged by Ni Daolang and others were invalid, and re-elections were held to support the struggle of people from all walks of life in the province against election bribery in the third provincial assembly.

In 1914, before Yuan Shikai dissolved the National Assembly (National Assembly) for the first time in order to restore the imperial system, the Anhui Provincial Assembly had already been dissolved by Ni Sichong, the warlord of the Northern Anhui faction and the governor of Anhui, setting a precedent for the dissolution of the National Assembly. In 1916, Yuan Jihongxian's monarchy failed, and the provincial councils were revived, and the activities of the provincial councils in Anhui Province were also resumed. In the election of the second provincial council in 1918, Ni manipulated behind the scenes through the private party "Public Welfare Maintenance Association", so that out of the 108 elected members, nine out of ten were Ni's private party.In the third provincial council election, as usual, the "Public Welfare Maintenance Committee" designated candidates, openly bought votes, and falsified the electoral rolls, so that the third provincial councilors were all private parties of the Ni family. Therefore, opposition to bribery became the core of the Anhui people's struggle. main target.Driven by the "June 40nd" student movement, all walks of life organized the "Clarification Electoral College" to investigate bribery, collect evidence, and file lawsuits in the nearest courts.Fellow groups living in Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing, and Tianjin also sent telegrams to show their support.At that time, the governor of the province was Nie Xianfan, who did not dare to convene the provincial assembly, and resigned for fear of conflicts with Ni Sichong.Ni's nephew, Ni Daohong, paid [-] yuan to bribe Prime Minister Jin Yunpeng to announce Li Zhaozhen as governor of Anhui.Because Li Zhaozhen was Ni Sichong's staff and Ni Daohong's teacher.As the news spread, the whole city of Anqing went on strike, and the movement of rejecting Li quickly spread to the whole province.Li Zhaozhen hid in the provincial office for eight days, but felt that she couldn't stay any longer, so she announced that she would never fall in love with her and left.After Li Zhaozhen was expelled, the Anhui Association in Beijing put forward the slogan "Anhui people govern Anhui" and proposed that Xu Shiying be the governor of Anhui.The Beijing government adopted this opinion.

Xu Shiying returned to Anhui at the end of October 1921 to serve as governor.He first announced that the qualifications of members of the third provincial assembly are subject to legal resolution, and at the same time he declared that civil affairs, finance, and maintenance of education funds should be made public.At that time, in Anhui, the warlord forces were deeply intertwined. If they didn't want to join forces with them, it would be tricky everywhere and it would be difficult to move forward.Although Xu Shiying's statement was welcomed by people from all walks of life, the bribed councilors raced to gather in Anqing while they were in a panic. They forced the new Minister of Government, Wang Huaichen, to convene the Provincial Assembly, and Wang Huaichen was forced to resign.Then the bribery of elected members announced that the third provincial assembly would be held on January 10, 1922.Xu Shiying was tit-for-tat, and posted a notice in the name of the governor, expressly prohibiting it.The bribery of MPs was ignored, and the meeting was held at 1:19 pm on the same day as scheduled. The provincial government sent the police chief to stop it.Xu Shiying also published a notice declaring that "such free assembly is invalid", and sent a telegram to the President of the Beijing Government, the State Council, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the Ministry of Justice.At this time, they bribed Xu Shiying's left and right staff members and relatives, and threatened and lured Xu;The two sides refused to give in, and each sent people to Beijing, Tianjin and other places for activities. In a short time, Anhui's political tide was repeated, and the storm was raging.Because Xu Shiying rectified the administration of officials at the same time, he offended the remnants of warlords and the minions of hungry eagles and tigers in various counties, and the voices of criticism and slander came from all directions.In the city of Anqing, printed materials maliciously slandering Xu Shiying can be seen everywhere.Faced with this situation, Xu Shiying responded calmly. On the one hand, he used the opportunity of announcing the relief situation to criticize and refute social rumors; on the other hand, he continued to promote the expansion of the anti-bribery campaign. Wuwei, Tongcheng, Susong, Shucheng, Guangde and other places are invalid for the third term.At this time, all the bribed congressmen fled the wall in a hurry, and went to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Han and other places to stir up troubles, and tried every means to make things difficult for Xu Shiying.

Another tricky thing is to implement the major decision to reduce troops.

In February 1922, the Washington Conference, following the Hague Conference, advocated the disarmament of all countries and also called on China to disarm.Zhang Hanqing, who was far away in Wuchang, set the precedent of abolishing the governor and announced his resignation as the governor of Shaanxi.Then Han Linchun also sent a telegram, resigning from the governor of Gansu.At this time, all the provinces under Feng's command had achieved civilian governance, and the military was under unified control under the headquarters of the People's Army, the North China Army, the Northeast Frontier Defense Army, and the Northeast Road Guard Army.Completely abandoned the unhealthy ethos of warlords and soldiers interfering in politics in the early Republic of China - what Zhang Zuolin and his son wanted was the "big politics" of the whole country, and the malpractice of disrupting local areas certainly could not appear under the rule.Moreover, the soldiers do not interfere in politics, and the equipment and military salaries are uniformly distributed by the headquarters. The princes from all walks of life do not have enough strength to form their own system, and indirectly prevent them from supporting their own self-respect.

The provinces also set off the slogan of abolishing the governor: Yan Xishan, the governor of Shanxi, also complied with public opinion, and changed the governor to a military affairs supervisor.The military governors of Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces were changed to military supervisors. Although the change was not the medicine, it also showed that the warlord rule was unpopular.

In this general climate, the abolition of governors and disarmament has also become the center of public opinion in Anhui Province.At that time, the Anhui army was the inheritance of Ni Sichong and Zhang Xun, and the whole province became the world of Ni Sichong's old patrol battalion.After Ni Sizhong was named Anwu General by Yuan Shikai, the department was also renamed Anwu Army; Zhang Xun Dingwu Army's Xuzhou Guarding Envoy Department was also stationed in northern Anhui.After the failure of Zhang Xun's restoration, the Dingwu Army led by Zhang Wensheng, the governor of Xuzhou, came under the control of Ni Sichong and was renamed Xin'an Military Army.The new Weiwu Army has 40 battalions (each battalion claims to be 800 people), and the old Anwu Army has a total of five mixed brigades.At that time, Anhui Province had an annual income of more than 380 million yuan, and its military expenditure was the largest, including 140 million yuan for the old army and 400 million yuan for the new army.Anhui Province is barren. In addition to the apology, the new and old debts total more than [-] million yuan.Xu Shiying believed that the finances of Anhui Province were sluggish due to excessive military expenditures, so he suggested that all the military expenditures of the new army should be borne by the central government, and the central government would preside over the abolition; the abolition of the old army should be handled in accordance with the regulations of the State Council.The movement to abolish governors and disarmament in Anhui has received full support from people from all walks of life inside and outside the province.