young marshal spring and autumn

Zhang Zuolin at the end of 1923 was his happiest moment, even more excited than when he took over Beijing later, without it—after Yuan Shikai, he could reintegrate the three Beiyang systems into one and have the opportunity to end the division between the North and the South , reunification of China is expected.This meritorious fact made Zhang Zuolin, who was born as a bandit, gain the enthusiastic attention of political observers at home and abroad, and his political status was greatly elevated.In the same year, Powell, the editor-in-chief of "Miller's Review", interviewed Zhang Zuolin. When asked where he had studied, Zhang replied humorously: "Greenwood School."

The north had just stabilized, and Zhang Hanqing pointed his sword at Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, intending to pacify the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the most developed area except the Northeast.Qi Xieyuan, the military governor stationed in Jiangsu, was originally named Qiying, styled Fuwan, and nicknamed Yaoshan. He was born in Ninghe, Tianjin, China, and was one of the main generals of the Zhili Warlords.

During the Guangxu period, he passed the examination as a scholar, and later joined the army, and was admitted to the Baoding Army Military Academy. After graduation, he once went to Japan to study.After returning to China, he served as the staff officer of the Sixth Town of the Qingqing Army. After the Republic of China, he was promoted to the commander of the 12th Brigade of the Sixth Division of the Army.

This person seems to be a "broom star", and whoever is his immediate superior will soon have an accident.On his way to promotion, there were too many accidents: in 1916, while attacking the National Defense Army in western Hunan, Qi was promoted to the commander of the Sixth Division because the division commander Zhou Wenbing suddenly suffered from "mental illness". When Li Chun served as the governor of Jiangsu in 1917, Qi led the Sixth Division to Jiangsu and served as the guardian of Jiangning. In 1920, Li Chun "died violently", and Qi Xieyuan successfully took over the post of governor of Jiangsu.Anyway, as long as Qi Xieyuan was standing in the way of his promotion, he would die for no apparent reason. This is a fact.

The cause of Li Chun's violent death was said in the official circles to be the anti-corruption campaign against Finance Minister Wen He (son of Li Chungan) from all walks of life in Jiangsu. He died suddenly in the Overseer's Office at the age of 1920.Qi Xieyuan held a grand funeral for Li Chun, which was unprecedented in Jiangsu Province, but this did not dispel people's rumors about the real cause of Li Chun's death.There are many doubts in this case. It was officially announced that Li Chun committed suicide because of "concern for the country and the people". Later, it was said that Li concubine had an affair with Ma Bian. After being discovered by Li, Ma Bian shot Li Chun to death; , treacherous and changeable, from time to time he has the heart to seek Li's position and replace himself, so he murders him, etc., and so on.

In any case, Qi Xieyuan has been in the position of military governor for 3 years, relying on the rich financial conditions of Suzhou and Shanghai, he has made a lot of noise.In the official history, he was the first to launch the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War to threaten the "moving to Shanghai to make a constitution" movement of Lu Yongxiang, the governor of Zhejiang Province in Anhui Province.But at this time and space, because of the serious weakening of the direct line forces, not only did they not dare to think about fighting against Zhejiang, but they also tried their best to keep the direct line of money, so as to make a comeback.

However, time does not wait. After the defeat of the Northern Direct Army, Ji Jinchun of the Jinan Military Region reorganized the Xing Shilian 24th Army (formerly the 4th Division of the Fengjun Army), and the 28th Army of the Headquarters (formerly the 28th Division of the Fengjun Army). Zhang Chengde led the elite of the People's Army The 4th Army (formerly the 4th Division of the People's Army) left Xuzhou and went south along the Jinpu line. Jiang Baili led Wei Yisan's 8th Army (formerly the 8th Division) out of Chuzhou. Lu Yongxiang is from Huzhou.The People's Army took Jiang Baili as the front-line commander-in-chief, and the troops were divided into four groups to form a military alliance. They beat Qi Xieyuan everywhere and almost wiped out the 1th Division on which he relied.When the good news came, Zhang Hanqing's "poetry" was very popular, and Yu Dang wrote a poem titled "Seven Laws.The People's Army Occupies Nanjing":

The wind and rain turned pale and yellow in Zhongshan, and millions of soldiers crossed the river.The tiger dominates the dragon, the present is better than the past, and the world is turned upside down and generous.

It is advisable to use the remaining courage to chase the poor, and not to be known as the overlord.If the sky is loving, the sky is also old, and the right way in the world is vicissitudes.

Qi Xieyuan then ran all the way to Shanghai, but Shanghai was not safe either.The People's Army chased to Shanghai and took over the place with the Anhui and Zhejiang Army.As a last resort, he fled to the Japanese Concession, and later fled to Japan.

In this battle, one division, that is, a small number of local armed forces, used five armies and 5 people.However, Zhang Hanqing's intention was to take advantage of the People's Army's victory in various places to take Shanghai, control Zhejiang, and end the separatist regime in East China.He appointed Jiang Baili as the commander of the Nanjing Military Region, which was being formed, and concurrently as the commander of the Yangtze River Fleet.

This battle was fought happily, but a very bad situation also happened, that is, after Qi Xieyuan's defeated army retreated, it caused violent xenophobic incidents in Nanjing, which almost caused conflicts between China and foreign countries. On the evening of November 11, some of the Qi troops who had not crossed the river broke out and carried out looting activities in Nanjing. However, except for two foreigners who were walking on the street and two alien residences that had been evacuated, the Qi army did not attack other people. foreign target.The vanguard of the People's Army marched into Nanjing City, fired guns and searched along the way, and asked the consulates of various countries stationed in Nanjing whether there were war criminals hiding there.After receiving a negative answer, these troops left the foreign consulate peacefully.From 12:8 a.m. on the next day, a large-scale xenophobic trend of robbing foreigners suddenly broke out in Nanjing City, and lasted until 5:[-] p.m.Foreign consulates, churches, schools, commercial houses, hospitals, and residences of foreigners in Nanjing and Xiaguan were invaded and looted.Soon after, the wave moved to Shanghai.

The newly born Fengjun regime still needs to be recognized by the great powers, and the People's Army, which has been victorious steadily, does not allow extra problems.Upon learning of the riot, Zhang Hanqing ordered all the troops crossing the river to immediately assume the responsibility of maintaining local law and order. For those who are stubborn, "in this critical period, I know that the military is in charge. If there is an opportunity to disrupt social order and endanger the lives and survival of the people , and acts that hinder the normal life of friends from various countries, that is, they will be executed on the spot, and there is no doubt about it." Qi Xieyuan's Sixth Division, the People's Army also made a lot of propaganda, requiring military officers at all levels to restrain their subordinates and keep them safe After this period of time, you will be guilty and meritorious.On the same day, Nanjing City shot hundreds of rout soldiers, and the law and order in the provincial capital gradually restored.

As for Shanghai, due to the abnormal prosperity of the underworld created by the various concessions, there are some special characteristics in controlling law and order.The occupation of Shanghai by the People's Army was only a matter of overnight, and military victory can be achieved overnight, but the ensuing takeover work is complex.To stabilize the situation in the short term depends on whether the underworld gangs everywhere can keep their own place.As for gang figures in Shanghai, how to do a good job in their transformation and use by the People's Party?Jiang Baili, who served as the commander-in-chief of the front line, asked Zhang Hanqing, the chief of the general staff.

Zhang Hanqing has watched a lot of feature films about Shanghai Bund in the old society in later generations. Many characters in it are well-known, such as Huang Jinrong, Xu Wenqiang, and Du Yuesheng.After hearing the news of Shanghai's "liberation", I also impulsively wanted to see if some legendary figures were as good as the one written in the book, but I thought that as a "politician and military strategist", getting involved in the underworld was a bit nondescript. stop.But think about it at this time Du Yuesheng and Xu Wenqiang have not yet risen, only Huang Jinrong has made some achievements.

Zhang Hanqing knew very well about this legendary figure in Shanghai, and he had seen many legends about Qing Gang figures in movies and TV shows. This Huang Jinrong had many disciples, and Chiang Kai-shek was the most famous among them.

Huang Jinrong, who is known as "the man of the sea", is the leader of the youth gang known to everyone in old Shanghai, and the head of the "Three Hooligans" - the other two are Du Yuesheng and Zhang Xiaolin.Huang Jinrong was born in 1867 in Yuyao, Zhejiang, in the family of a catcher. He was nicknamed a monk and nicknamed Mapi Jinrong.He came to Shanghai at the age of 12, and at the age of 17, he went to Shanghai Chenghuang Temple as an apprentice in the painting shop opened by his brother-in-law. Later, he followed his father's footsteps and was admitted to the "Bao inquire" (that is, the patrol room) in the French Concession of Shanghai.Since then, relying on his shrewdness, he repeatedly solved major and important cases, and gradually rose to the position of the only Chinese chief inspector in the Shanghai French Concession patrol house.Huang Jinrong knows very well that if he does not form gangs with gangsters, it will be difficult to secure the position of "Chief Inspector".At that time, the gangsters in Shanghai had the so-called "protégé but not lame" rule: If you are not someone's protégé, but "charge" someone's protégé, it is allowed; if you are someone's protégé, when you are in trouble Lay it off, that's not acceptable.According to this rule, Huang Jinrong pretended to be a disciple of Zhang Jinghu, the "big" generation of the Qing Gang, and thus recruited many disciples.Later, he sent [-] silver coins to Zhang Jinghu, forcing Zhang Jinghu to accept him as a disciple.In this way, he made the fake come true, and became the successor of the "Tong" character of the Qing Gang.Later, with the development of his power, he became a tycoon of the Shanghai Youth Gang.

With the dual status of the police and the Youth Gang, Huang Jinrong became bigger: the famous "big world" in Shanghai was included in his "territory"; Guilin Park became his private garden, which he called "Huang's Family". Garden"; the "Golden Theater" named after his "two-thirds name" was built; he also owns one of the four major Peking Opera stages in Shanghai, the "Common Stage", the bathroom of the Grand View Garden, and the "Jun Pei Li", "Yuan Chengli" and other dozens of houses and hundreds of acres of fertile land in Suzhou... Especially Junpeili, a three-story foreign-style house with dozens of rooms, known as "Huang Mansion". After 1911, Huang Jinrong moved here and lived here for more than 40 years until he died of illness.Most of the houses near Huang's mansion are rented by thousands of his disciples, forming Huang Jinrong's circle of influence.

What created Huang Jinrong's achievements, Chiang Kai-shek, who had to be mentioned later in modern Chinese history, was a major factor.When Chiang Kai-shek was young, he was the first generation of stockholders in China. Historically, after he returned from studying in Japan, he traded stocks in the name of "Jiang Weiji" in the Shanghai Stock Exchange, which opened in July 1920.By the spring of 7, he had lost all his money and owed a lot of debts. The creditors hired youth gang disciples to press Chiang Kai-shek for debts.Desperate, Chiang Kai-shek turned to Yu Qiaqing, a fellow countryman and business tycoon, for help.Yu Qiaqing gave Chiang Kai-shek an idea to worship Huang Jinrong as his teacher in order to eliminate the disaster.The next day, accompanied by Yu Qiaqing, Chiang Kai-shek came to Huang's mansion, and handed over a red post to Huang Jinrong, writing "In front of Mr. Huang's stage, Jiang Zhiqing is a disciple".Jiang Zhiqing is the name Chiang Kai-shek used in his early years.Chiang Kai-shek kowtowed to Huang Jinrong who was sitting on the grand master's chair.In this way, Huang Jinrong accepted Chiang Kai-shek as his disciple.

Soon, Huang Jinrong hosted a banquet for Chiang Kai-shek's creditors.During the dinner, Huang Jinrong pointed to Chiang Kai-shek and said, Zhiqing is now my apprentice, and everyone can come to me for Zhiqing's debts.Who among the creditors would dare to ask Huang Jinrong for money?He kept saying, "How dare you, how dare you".A word from Huang Jinrong saved Chiang Kai-shek from his predicament.Huang Jinrong also gave Chiang Kai-shek two hundred oceans as travel expenses to go to Guangzhou to join Sun Yat-sen.

However, when Chiang Kai-shek returned to Shanghai after becoming famous, Huang Jinrong tactfully did not take credit for it, and returned his past invitations.Needless to say whether this move won the praise of Chiang Kai-shek, otherwise Huang Jinrong was able to escape unscathed after the Japanese, Wang, and Jiang Fu eras by himself, and his scheming was not simple.

Zhang Hanqing wanted to meet this underworld predator in person, so he ordered: "Don't move them first, and observe for a period of time."

The "National Security Bureau" (the predecessor of the "Fengqing Bureau") that dealt with the Youth Gang in the early stage, because the Feng faction has entered the central government, its tentacles have expanded from Northeast China and North China to the whole country, so upgrading has become inevitable. Zhang Hanqing established This "National Security Bureau", which is still in charge of myself), has obtained a guarantee from Huang Jinrong: as long as the Qing Gang cooperates with the army to complete the security work to control Shanghai during the People's Army's garrison in Shanghai, and actively maintain law and order, the People's Army will not blame the Qing Gang for the past Otherwise, the "Military Control Commission" that controls Shanghai's financial affairs will completely ban its presence in Shanghai.

Thinking about the heroes of Huang Jinrong's generation, how many storms and waves he has seen, how can a mere "military control committee" squat on his head and shit?Quite a few younger brothers were angry and wanted to save face for the boss. If they wanted to let the "military control committee" see their own interests, some loyal people would come up with bad ideas.Don't want Huang Jinrong to pick up his big ears and quack: "If I want my father to live a long time, it is reasonable for the grandsons to cooperate with the 'Military Control Committee' in doing things! Qi Xieyuan has tens of thousands of human guns, and he pissed after a while? "

In order to express his determination to do no harm, Huang Jinrong also handed over the list of more than 400 gang leaders under his command to the Shanghai branch of the "National Security Bureau".Therefore, after the People's Army occupied Shanghai, the Youth Gang did not dare to cause chaos.

At that time, Shanghai took over here and there, but Huang Jinrong lived safely at his home in Shanghai without touching him.At this time, the ostentation of the Huang family was still not small, and it could be called a big family.The Shanghai Military Control Commission observed that Huang Jinrong did not make trouble.He has become a full-fledged "otaku", living in seclusion, not caring about foreign affairs, and staying at home quietly.Every day, he just "soaks his skin in water in the morning and in water in the afternoon". The so-called "soaking his skin in water" means drinking tea, and the so-called "soaking his skin in water" means soaking in the bathhouse.He called smoking opium, playing mahjong, and going to the bathhouse a "three-piece set" for daily enjoyment.

Let the Shanghai Bund tycoon, who once called the wind and rain, be willing to be a queen, and endure humiliation, has also become a portrayal of the strength of the People's Army.Frightened by the momentum of the People's Army, some Jianghu gangsters and underground forces have also become low-key.The citizens of Shanghai were delighted to discover overnight that the disciples of the Qinghong Gang, who had always been domineering, were much gentler.

The BJP is silently transforming the city.