young marshal spring and autumn

The land reform was not all smooth sailing: since the government almost carried out a "business" without capital - forcibly taking back the land of the landlords and distributing them to the landless peasants, and then promising them 10 years of principal and interest, this was of course not tolerated by a large number of vested interests.But the government is backed by force, and ordinary landlords can only scold their mothers in their hearts, cursing this evil self-government.Some people clamored to go to Beijing to make a wish, but the outside of the pass was beyond the control of the central princes.Some people cooperated with the bandits to fight against Fengjun.

At that time, Zhang Zuolin only controlled most of the fertile areas in Fengtian Province and the large and medium-sized cities in Jilin and Heilongjiang. ) of the world.

Since the Northeast has always been regarded as the land of "Longxing" by the Qing Dynasty, the Han people were prohibited from entering the customs and farming, and the development has been extremely slow in the past 200 years.In modern times, it was successively regarded as fish and meat by Japan and Russia, and people from various parties mixed together to form many forces.During the period of the Republic of China, open and secret disputes between the central government and the local government were repeated, and the regime changed hands several times, which led to local officials exploiting profits and disregarding people's livelihood.As time goes by, the people are destitute, and they have the heart of robbers.Because of the vast area, deep mountains and dense forests, it is difficult to eradicate them in a short period of time.However, there is no distinction between bandits and bandits, sometimes for the people and sometimes for bandits, which increases the difficulty of eradicating them.Moreover, the Japanese and Russian forces spread all over the territory, and there were many bandits, spies, and traitors, which added more variables.

According to incomplete statistics, in the Northeast, there are more than a hundred famous "bearded" heads with more than a few hundred people.At that time, there were a total of 154 counties in the Northeast, more than 100 of which were occupied by "beards", and less than 50 counties were actually occupied by the Feng faction, and they were often under the threat of "beards".

As the "Chaoyang Land Reform" gradually became effective, all regions followed suit.Attracted by everyone's allotable land and "household contracted production", bearded people with "unsteady" stances have returned home to work in agriculture--being a bandit is not a long-term solution.But the government’s free land is not easy to obtain. Some bandits who can’t bear hardships are first happy to get the land, and then dissatisfied because they need to work hard for themselves-how can hard work in the field be like making a beard and eating meat? Do you enjoy drinking from a bowl?Many people still turn around and do their own business.

However, the autonomous government has tightened its control over the bearded people: in the mountainous forests where beards are infested, leave them alone, but it has stepped up publicity in the administrative jurisdictions, implemented a joint guarantee system, and strengthened the control of the bearded areas. Grain control—often, once the grain is collected, the government compulsorily expropriates most of the grain in addition to guaranteeing the local population.Although the government is a fair trade and trades money for food, the blow to the bearded people is serious-survival is not easy if the number is small, and the amount of grain grabbing cannot meet the requirements and the goal is too big.Even if a lot of money has been robbed, exchanging food is still a difficult task: it is said that the food purchased by the government is now shipped to several big cities such as Harbin and Shenyang for foreign exchange, and the control of food is very strict.

Therefore, in December 1918, the "entrusted" "Central Beard" in Northern Manchuria launched a riot, successively occupied Dongning, Dong'an, Tongjiang and other counties, cut off the railway line from Mudanjiang to Jiamusi, and claimed to "fight with the White Russian Army" Join forces in Harbin".

Then, in less than half a month, the "beards" ransacked Luobei and Yilan counties one after another.In the city, shops of all sizes were looted. More than 20 cadres of the county government, including Luobei county magistrate, who had just taken office for more than ten days, were collectively shot dead.So much so that the Japanese government, which has been coveting Northeast China, also expressed its "concern" in a timely manner, which was beyond words.

On the side of the couch, how can you allow others to sleep soundly?Zhang Zuolin is determined to be the king of the Northeast, how can this small group of forces mess up the overall situation?

The "beard" issue has developed into a major threat to the Feng faction's survival and growth on the black soil, and it is also very likely to give opportunities to foreign intervention forces who intend to take the opportunity to interfere in the internal affairs of the Northeast.Although most of Zhang Zuolin's subordinates were also from Huzi's background, when Huzi threatened his survival and authority in the Northeast, he didn't care.Ten years ago, he became famous for suppressing bandits, and was respected by the court and the people as the "Great Bandit Suppression Hero" in western Liaoning.After many years, in order to ensure the progress of the Northeast New Deal and the victory of the land reform, there will be another bandit suppression.

Under the personal intervention of Zhang Zuolin, the headquarters of the patrol envoys of the three eastern provinces decided to deploy the main force to suppress the bandits, and appointed Zhang Zuoxiang, chief of staff of the patrol envoys of the three northeastern provinces, as the "commander in chief of bandit suppression", with Zhang Hanqing as the actual executive vice president. Commander, this essentially marks the beginning of the young marshal's rise to prominence at the top of Fengjun.

The banditry in the Northeast is indeed serious. A "Circular on the Situation" from the "Information Office of the Patrol Envoy of the Three Northeast Provinces" stated: In the basic area of ​​southern Manchuria, there are about 5 bandits, and 5000 people are active in large groups. The number ranges from 3000 people, mainly in the Tonghua, Harbin, and Andong triangle areas. The number of counties from the west of Zhongchang Road to Rehe is relatively small, but the average number of people in each county is about 10.There are a large number of bandits in North Manchuria, at least no less than [-] people, and most of them are often entrenched in several counties, and they are well equipped, and some even have field heavy artillery - left over from the Japanese-Russian war.What's even worse is that some Japanese ronin also instigated the Koreans crossing the river to pretend to be bandits and take advantage of the opportunity to make trouble in order to make excuses.

The struggle to suppress bandits is a special battle different from that of the regular army, so it has a set of special rules and tactical principles.In the initial struggle against bandits, most of the bandits were small groups and scattered in the mountains and forests, making it difficult to fight annihilation battles, so more emphasis was placed on defeating them.Over time, the bandits also figured out Fengjun's tactics. They withdrew from the city to avoid confrontation, preserve their strength, and wait for a counterattack.

Whether these stubborn bandits can be defeated in the Northeast is related to whether Feng Jun, Zhang Zuolin and his son can control the Northeast and serve as a basis for ruling China.

Zhang Hanqing was the first in the Feng army to understand the power of "guerrilla warfare": when the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy moves, we harass; when the enemy is tired, we attack;This is the germination of Mao Zedong's military thought later in history, relying on it to defeat the 4 times of encirclement and suppression by the powerful Kuomintang's superior forces.Zhang Hanqing will not let the bandits do the same and create a climate. Together with Zhang Zuoxiang, he formulated a series of military deployments, and proposed that the future work of suppressing bandits in various places should be based on the principle of "destroying one place, stabilizing one place, and resurrecting the dead"; In terms of direction, all the troops participating in the war should "take the bandits as the main enemy and deal with them with the main force", and regard the suppression of bandits as a major and arduous task from an ideological point of view.Based on his previous experience in suppressing bandits, Zhang Zuolin put forward the policy of "striking hard and chasing after him, attacking them with nails and wedges, and completely eliminating them" for the fledgling Zhang Hanqing.