young marshal spring and autumn

Ma Hongbin had been attacking the position of the "Anxi Army" for a whole day, and Ma Hongbin was almost going crazy: he was so close to Yinchuan City, but he couldn't go any further. The firepower of the "Anxi Army" was so fierce that dozens of horses in one of his cavalry regiments were frightened and fled far away.The Ningxia army is envious of these fleeing war horses: how exciting it is to be able to choose between life and death!Originally thought that fighting on flat ground, the brave Huihui horse army had a great advantage, but now it seems that giving up the dangerous pass is a way to seek death!He fell for it!

He was still stuck in the thinking of the cold weapon era before, thinking that with well-trained horses and brave cavalry, he would at least not lose to the cavalry of the "Anxi Army" on the plains, and of course it was much stronger than those infantry.However, facing the charging cavalry, the "Anxi Army" fired row after row of rifles in an orderly manner.The dense bullets of the regiment's machine guns dealt a tragic and almost destructive blow to the cavalry. Seeing his family's horse army being cut to the ground like straw and seemingly powerless to fight back, Ma Hongbin was bleeding from his heart.

But there is no way: from the gradual sparseness of the gunshots from the North Tower and the increasing number of enemy troops behind it, it can be expected that the North Tower has fallen. The "Anxi Army" gathered more and more. If they couldn't break through the opposite position and join the Yinchuan defenders, the entire army would be wiped out here today.

Ma Hongbin was under a lot of pressure, and Ma Fuxiang was having a hard time.At the head of the city, he saw the pile of corpses of Ma Hongbin's cavalry and the incomparably powerful military strength of the "Anxi Army". Thinking that his son Ma Hongkui was still far away in Pingluo doing a meaningless and hopeless defense, he felt helpless for the first time.He knows the strength of the troops stationed in Gansu, so what if reinforcements from Lanzhou arrive?Under this kind of firepower, isn't there an extra pile of cannon fodder?He felt a little regretful that he shouldn't have fought this battle: it was obviously a losing war.

That being the case, it is time to figure out how to end this war with dignity.

He discussed with his brother Ma Xiangshou to deal with the current predicament. Ma Xiangshou had lost confidence in defending the city long ago. If the whole family were not here, he would have thought of abandoning the city and fleeing.Seeing that the younger brother in charge wanted to seek peace, he agreed and said: "Our army has no chance of winning. If the Fengjun allows a decent truce, if you are a brother but not talented, you should go to the enemy camp to find out the opponent's attitude."

In the evening, Ma Fushou was ordered to go out of the city and asked to contact the top officer of the "Anxi Army".At this time, Zhang Hanqing and Han Linchun had already secured the victory, and they were already discussing the future operations of the "Anxi Army" in Gansu.Ma Fushou was taken to the headquarters. When he saw Zhang Hanqing, the first thing he said was: "I am ordered by the Ningxia Army Guard to discuss the truce with your side."

Zhang Hanqing smiled slightly and said: "Since you are a representative, please sit down." Then he changed the subject and said: "The situation is very clear now, whether or not there is a truce is up to you."

Ma Fushou said earnestly: "The war has lasted for a long time, and the people of Ningxia died of hunger and cold everywhere. Please, the young commander and General Han, show compassion and peace talks between the two. Your army entered our land, nothing more than For military rations and military supplies, I would also like to ask you to discuss the conditions, and the Ma Junshi will definitely do what he can."

Zhang Hanqing said with a smile: "Do you think Zhang is fighting the autumn wind? The purpose of the 'Anxi Army' joining Gan this time is to maintain local peace, develop the local economy, end the state of local warlord separatism, and establish a state where the people are the masters of the country." The government. After the military control of Gansu is completed, I will work with all parties to devote myself to the development of the national economy and the people's livelihood, and take the Three Principles of the People as the ideal to open up an unprecedented situation in the Republic of China."

He said: "The two armies are fighting each other, and the Ma Hujun envoy has missed the first opportunity for peace talks. Now the two sides are no longer a truce, but you must surrender unconditionally within a time limit! He has made great contributions to the country. In the future, the new government of Ningxia will be formed, and the 'Anxi Army' will not ignore this merit. We also hope to use the reputation of the army guards to make some achievements in the new government."

Ma Fushou expressed that he could not accept it. He said: "The guards are willing to give up the entire Ningxia city for the benefit of the people, but your army must guarantee the dignity of the guards and the entire Ningxia army. Return to the city to make a decent withdrawal. Otherwise, even if everything is destroyed, the guards will not agree!"

Han Linchun was furious. Could it be that after many days of hard fighting, what he got was an empty city?The Ningxia army released the tiger back to the mountain, and there are many hidden dangers in the future governance of Gansu.Moreover, the generals of the defeated army dare to speak bravely, and it is difficult to guarantee that they will not return to their old ways.He looked at Ma Fushou coldly and said: "Young Marshal has already stated our attitude. Can you agree? Please inform the Army Envoy to make a decision early. At [-] o'clock tomorrow morning, the 'Anxi Army' will attack the city on time. The cannon fire is merciless, and the lives are devastated, there is nothing too late for regret!"

He picked up the negotiation book that had already been drafted, and said in a deep voice: "We have four principles for you, and we must reply before 4:8 tomorrow morning:

8. The defenders of Ningxia surrendered unconditionally, not peace talks or a truce. The whole army will leave the city at [-]:[-] tomorrow morning.Overdue is regarded as recalcitrance, and the 'Anxi Army' will completely defeat it.

[-]. The "Anxi Army" guarantees that the safety and dignity of the various ministries will not be violated, pardons all war criminals and releases prisoners of war after education. .

[-]. Ordered the defenders and local administrators in Ningxia to maintain local security, waiting for the "Anxi Army" to take over smoothly.The ministries that have been received are led by the head of the department and handed over to the "Anxi Army" for dismissal. "

[-]. The "Anxi Army" guarantees that the private property of the guards and their families will not be violated.Based on the principle of returning to the Han family, the new government to be established will respect the customs and wishes of Muslims, fully self-government under the recognition of the central legal system, and leave the chairmanship of the autonomous region empty, and the administrators of the guards will choose the best. . "

Zhang Hanqing waited for him to finish speaking, and said with a smile: "To let your envoy know, Ma Tingyi, the governor of Liangzhou, has led his entire army to accept the reorganization of the "Anxi Army". Yongdeng, the wing striker has arrived at Gaolan, and Lanzhou City is just around the corner." Looking at Ma Fushou, he said leisurely, "There is still a cavalry going up the Yellow River, and they will arrive at Zhongwei City soon. Where are you going, please tell the guards make a decision."

Ma Fushou was surprised: the central defender is the back line of Ningxia, if the central defender loses, the Ningxia army will be doomed.He didn't dare to stay any longer, and hurried back to Yinchuan.Zhang Hanqing and Han Linchun looked at each other with a smile, and said with a long voice: "Ningxia's general situation has been settled, and the whole army can celebrate the New Year in Yinchuan."

In the early morning of the next day, the cold wind howled, and a white flag fluttered from the city of Yinchuan.According to Ma Fuxiang's negotiations with the "Anxi Army", the Yinchuan defenders bowed their heads, lined up in a loose queue, and marched out of the city to surrender.Ma Hongbin also put down his arms after receiving the order, and for a while Ma Hongkui, the defender of Pingluo, also settled peacefully.Cities in northeastern Ningxia fell without a fight. On December 12, the left and right armies of the "Anxi Army" met in Zhongwei, Ningxia, an important city in the north of the Yellow River.

It was mid-winter, and it was not easy for the "Anxi Army" to replenish its logistics. Zhang Hanqing, Guo Songling, and Han Linchun assigned various ministries to defend important areas, and sent people to negotiate with various factions in Lanzhou for a peaceful settlement of Gansu.On this occasion, Zhang Hanqing carried out the famous Zhongwei adaptation:

[-]. The army of the Anxi Army Command was unified and renamed the Northwest People's Army, which is affiliated to the Northwest Military Committee of the People's Party.Emphasize that the army is the party's army and insist on the absolute leadership of the People's Party over the army.Like the party flag, the military flag is designed as a bright red five-star red flag, which means that the four sides surround the center, and the party and the army are closely related.With Zhang Hanqing as the chairman of the Northwest Military Committee of the People's Party and the commander-in-chief of the Northwest People's Army, Han Linchun as the vice-chairman and deputy commander, Guo Songling as the chief of the general staff, Pei Chunsheng, the former deputy commander of the First Division of the Fengjun Army, Qi Enming, Song Jiuling, the independent brigade commander, " Zhang Chengde, commander of the "Anmeng Army" cavalry brigade, and four other members are members.

[-]. The purpose of the army is to "defend the country and the people". It is different from the Northeast New Deal, which mainly emphasized that the Fengjun is the army of the people in the Northeast, because Zhang Hanqing's eyes have pointed to a wider world, and protecting the country and the people is all Chinese and foreign troops. The noblest goal and source of fighting power.

Three, the branch is built to the company, and the proportion of the people's party members in the army is gradually expanded.The Political Department is established under each minister to be responsible for political, military, and foreign policy propaganda, war mobilization, and ideological education.

[-]. Each division, brigade, and regiment implements democratic centralism under the leadership of the party committee. Major decisions must be approved by more than half of the chief and deputy chiefs, chief of staff, political ministers, logistics ministers, and equipment ministers. Final decision.

[-]. The officers and soldiers are unanimous, and a "soldier management committee" is established in the company headquarters to prohibit corporal punishment of soldiers.

Sixth, improve the literacy rate of officers and soldiers, follow the "three major disciplines and eight points of attention", and establish a new type of people's army.

The "Zhongwei Adaptation" established the People's Party's position in the army, improved the fighting spirit of the middle and lower classes, especially soldiers, and strengthened its position in the hearts of the people.His influence was far-reaching, and even at that time, it deeply shocked inside and outside the pass.

The old faction represented by Zhang Jinghui, Tang Yulin, etc. are very disgusted with Zhang Hanqing's approach-these old-style soldiers are used to talking about everything. It restricted their military power and restricted their various privileges.This is something they can hardly agree to anyway.They objected on the pretext that the military cannot engage in so-called democracy, and if there are multiple leaders or disagreements, it will affect the reliability of the military.

The non-commissioned officer faction headed by Sun Liechen, Zhang Zuoxiang, and Yu Zhen was loyal to Zhang Zuolin. Although they were puzzled by this, they did not comment.The university faction headed by Jiang Dengxuan (with advanced military education) admired Zhang Hanqing's adaptation very much, and they clamored to promote this method throughout the Northeast.

Zhang Zuolin is not worried that Zhang Hanqing will have different aspirations--father's succession, and he has always trained Zhang Hanqing as a future heir. If the adaptation of Zhongwei can really increase Zhang Hanqing's control over the army, he will definitely fully support-- --He won the support of everyone by means of conspiracy and banditry. Zhang Hanqing is full of style, and it is difficult to succeed in panic if he walks his old path.But he was also afraid that his dominant position would be affected. If the army was in turmoil and Zhang Hanqing could not control the army, his years of hard work would be in vain.He wanted to ask his old partner Wu Junsheng for advice, but Wu Junsheng was very leisurely: "Master, everything is up to you, I, Wu Datong, will always follow your lead."

After weighing again and again, Zhang Zuolin sent a telegram to order the "Zhongwei reorganization" to be limited to the northwest, and the military establishment of the northeastern provinces remained the same.

Reactions to Zhang Hanqing's "Zhongwei adaptation" were mixed.Major factions such as the Straight and Anhui cliques believe that the military should be nationalized, and political parties should only be political organizations. If each party is allowed to have a loyal army, even if the president is elected according to legal procedures, it will still be a new round of division.They mobilized the public and students in Beijing and Tianjin who did not know the truth to denounce Zhang Hanqing as a new type of warlord.

Sun Yat-sen, on the other hand, felt that he had no military power in his hands. As the prime minister of the Kuomintang, he could not implement government orders. He deeply realized that the party must be supplemented by armed forces. support and understanding.