young marshal spring and autumn

After jointly defeating the Anhui faction, Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin led their staff and guards to Beijing from Tianjin in two groups.President Xu Shichang did not dare to neglect these two big men. He spread loess at the East Railway Station, guarded them heavily, and greeted them grandly with the royal ceremony.The welcome staff will all issue entry tickets to prevent accidents.From the station to their temporary building, soldiers were sent to guard along the way, and no one else was allowed to approach them.Residents of the shop are required to fly the national flag to show their welcome.It is not difficult to see from it that Xu Shichang is afraid of these two big warlords.

After Cao Kun and Zhang Zuolin arrived in Beijing, they formed the Jin Yunpeng cabinet on August 1920, 8.The composition is as follows: Minister of Foreign Affairs Yan Huiqing, Minister of Internal Affairs Zhang Zhitan, Chief of Finance Zhou Ziqi, Chief of the Navy Sa Zhenbing, Chief of Justice Dong Kang, Chief of Education Fan Yuanlian, Chief of Agriculture and Commerce Wang Naibin, Chief of Communications Ye Gongchuo, and Chief of the Army Jin Zijian.This cabinet list is the product of mutual compromise between the Zhifeng and Feng departments. Among the 11 people, Zhang belongs to the direct line, Wang belongs to the Feng line, and Jin, Zhou, and Ye are all close to the Feng line.Generally speaking, Jin's cabinet gradually turned to Zhang Zuolin's side, which made Cao Kun and Wu Peifu very dissatisfied.

During the period of Feng Guozhang, the Zhili lineage had strong local power, mainly composed of the collateral lineage of the Zhili lineage - "Three Governors of the Yangtze River" (that is, Jiangsu Governor Li Chun, Jiangxi Governor Chen Guangyuan and Hubei Governor Wang Zhanyuan) plus Zhili Governor Cao Kun composition.After Feng Guozhang's death, the Zhili lineage, like the former Xiaozhan lineage (Yuan Shikai's power, divided into the Zhi and Anhui lines, and the Feng line with important ties), split. The leader of the direct lineage, but died young, committed suicide in Jiangsu in the third month after defeating the Anhui lineage, and passed the position of governor to Qi Xieyuan.Wang Zhanyuan served as the military governor. He was an old direct line member of Feng Guozhang, and he had a bad relationship with Wu Peifu.

The main force of the direct lineage is Cao Kun of the Baoding faction. Cao Kun's military strength is mainly based on the third division of the army, and the commander of the third division is Wu Peifu.The Zhili Baoding faction split. Before the first Zhifeng war, there was a split due to the peace war issue. One was the Luoyang faction, which was the main battle, and the leader of the Luoyang faction was Wu Peifu, who founded Luoyang; the other was the Tianjin faction, which was the main peace , the leader of the Tianjin faction is Wang Chengbin; the last faction is the Baoding faction headed by Cao Kun, and the Baoding faction mainly holds a wait-and-see attitude.

Due to various problems, the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang, and Shandong that were agreed to belong to the direct line after the war did not completely fall to the line as expected:

Duan Qirui's strong support was Duan Qirui's strong supporter Ni Sichong, the governor of Anhui. After the failure of the Anhui Clique, Ni was dismissed from his post and went to Tianjin Italian Concession to live in seclusion as a public servant.His subordinates Zhang Wensheng and Ma Lianjia turned to the direct lineage, which can be regarded as a little gain.

Shandong has always been the territory of the Anhui faction, and the governor was acquired by Zheng Shiqi. He actively carried out the policy of "protecting the environment and the people", trying to maintain a balance between the two forces of Zhi and Feng, and actually leaned towards the resigned Anhui faction.His successor was also Tian Zhongyu, the Shandong governor of the "Straight Anhui Faction" who watched the failure of the Anhui Faction, and he also served as governor after the war.Because of the cautiousness of Zheng and Tian, ​​Wu Peifu failed to find an excuse during and after the war and could not get involved in Shandong.

Zhejiang is the "hardcore" territory of the Anhui Department.However, Warlord Lu Yongxiang's local military strength is really strong, and he changed quickly. In the battle of Zhiwan, there were not many small braids to catch. After the war, the voice of democratic harmony among the people rose, and the Zhili was weak and did not dare to start the war lightly. So much so that they watched Zhejiang become the last base of the Anhui Department.

On the other hand, in the Feng family, everyone is united and united to benefit from it.During this expulsion, the Fengjun obtained Tianjin at a very low price (due to the large number of people in the Fengjun Pass, the Zhili soldiers and horses returned to the garrison after the war, and Tianjin gradually became the dominant force of the Fengli Army) and the Zhili Army. The land along the Beijing-Feng Railway in the eastern part of the country was calculated to be taken by him from Duan Qirui. In addition, according to the previous agreement between Zhi and Feng, the Suiyuan Special Zone was handed over directly.Zhang Jinghui's 16th Division won the fertile Front and Back Loops without firing a single shot.

Suiyuan was a part of Monan Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty, and it was named Suiyuan because there was a Suiyuan general stationed here.Set Guisui Road, which belongs to Shanxi Province. In 1914, Yuan Shikai’s government separated it from Shanxi and established Suiyuan Special Zone, covering an area of ​​nearly 33 square kilometers. The terrain is dominated by the plateau and can be divided into three parts: the north is part of the Mongolian Plateau , mainly the Gobi Desert, which is rich in mineral deposits, and the famous mining capital Baiyun Obo is located here.The Yellow River passes through the central part, forming the Hetao area, which is divided into the front set and the back set. It is an elite area, and most of the big cities such as Baotou and Guisui (that is, Hohhot) are in this area.In the south is the Ordos Plateau as the main body, and Genghis Khan Mausoleum is in this area.

Suiyuan borders Shaanxi and Shanxi in the south, Gansu (Ningxia Special Region) in the west, Outer Mongolia in the north, and Chahar in the east. The geographical location is very important.The acquisition of Suiyuan not only filled the unfavorable terrain of the Northwest and Northeast Fengjun, but also greatly shortened the contact distance between the major cities in the Northwest and Northeast. .

After Ji Jinchun's 28th Division occupied the Jixian-Langfang line, Jin Yunpeng's government, according to Zhang Zuolin's "request", assigned Tangshan and Qinhuangdao to Rehe, changed Rehe Special Zone to Rehe Province, and made Tang Yulin the security command And the provincial chairman.So far, Zhang Zuolin has owned 10 provinces and regions, and almost controlled the political situation in Beijing.

The immediate family was at a disadvantage, and the master behind the scenes finally couldn't sit still. On July 7, after the Zhifeng army entered Nanyuan and Beiyuan respectively, the mission sent a note to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, deciding to send foreign troops to maintain traffic on Jingfeng Road, and to transfer the Tianjin main station to British management.Because Tianjin was already under the influence of the Feng army after the Zhiwan War, the British and American countries deliberately squeezed the Feng forces.

Article 1901 of the "Xin Chou Treaty" signed in September 9 stipulated that the occupying countries established embassy districts in Beijing, and the residents of the embassy districts had the right to "defend themselves" in the embassy districts.Article 450 gives the occupying power the right to designate a number of places and leave troops to guard them to defend the railway line from Beijing to the sea.At that time, there were 15 Marines in the guard of the US Legation in Beijing, and 2 people in two battalions of the 946th Infantry Regiment of the Army in Tianjin, with 6 three-inch cannons, and the commander was Lewis Little. lieutenant colonel.In the entire North China region, France has the largest garrison of 1560 troops.The United Kingdom followed with 1034 people (including 224 people in Tianjin).

Do you want to support the Zhijun with such a small force?Zhang Hanqing sternly refused, ordered Ji Jinchun's Ministry to occupy the main streets of Tianjin, and sent a telegram to express his position: the battle between Zhifeng and Anhui was a civil war for the Chinese, and any foreign interference was regarded as a naked threat to the Feng army. The northern army is not allowed to move half a step away from the concession.All conflicts outside the concession should be fully borne by the country concerned.

Not to be outdone, Britain and the United States contacted Japan with the intention of jointly exerting pressure.Although Japan does not want to see the Feng family take the lead, it is willing to hold the Feng family in its arms.Because the pro-Japanese Duan Qirui government in Anhui has collapsed, Japan urgently needs to support new agents to continue its interests in China. It is difficult for the direct line to intervene in the interests of Britain and the United States. Supporting the Feng line is the best choice at present.So Japan chose to remain silent.The British were relatively weak in the north and were unable to compete with the Feng army. In desperation, they encouraged Tibet to become independent as a means of restricting the government of the Republic of China, especially the Feng faction.