Smuggling Daming

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Speaking of the strength of the Spanish fleet is not as good as that of the Portuguese, Ming can defeat the powerful Portuguese fleet, and naturally it can also defeat the Spanish fleet, not to mention that the Pacific Fleet this time is still the elite of the Ming Navy. The Spaniards didn't make too much effort.

However, the Spaniards who fought for the first time were not discouraged. The country is organizing a second fleet to go out. It seems that they will drive Da Ming back no matter what. But at this time, Da Ming has already occupied a port in North America and Central America. During the period, the Spaniards also thought about fighting Ming Dynasty from land, but after several contact wars, the Spaniards found that they did not have any advantage. The army of Ming Dynasty was not those who did not even have iron weapons in the Americas. People, but a powerful army with guns and artillery, so after suffering a lot, they can only choose to endure silently and wait for the arrival of the domestic fleet.

In the next few years, Ming and Spain fought countless wars in the Americas. The two sides invested a large number of naval and army troops. The entire west coast of the Americas was raging. Even the wars on land involved the local Americans. It was the massacre of the Americans by the Spaniards that aroused these people's dissatisfaction. Now that they saw Da Ming's arrival, they began to cooperate with Da Ming based on the idea that the enemy of an enemy is a friend, and Da Ming was also willing to cause some trouble for the Spaniards. So they gave these Americans a lot of help, such as weapons, which greatly increased the combat effectiveness of the Americans, and began to form small groups of troops to harass the Spaniards' rear.

But the Spaniards were not stupid, they immediately changed their strategy after they felt that Da Ming and the Americans were united.Start supporting some Americans as your helpers.As a result, the whole of Central and South America was in chaos.Whether on sea or on land, wars are everywhere.

Daming has a vast territory, a large population, and a very developed industry and commerce, which makes Ming's national strength extremely strong, and can support overseas troops to fight for many years, but Spain does not have this advantage, so after several years of fierce fighting with Daming, their national strength decline in magnitude.In addition, Europe is not at peace, and they must maintain enough strength to defend themselves. Therefore, under such circumstances, the colonial battle between Spain and Ming Dynasty ended with Spain actively seeking peace.

Ming and Spain signed a treaty, dividing their respective spheres of influence in the Americas. Among them, Ming occupies the west coast of the Americas, while Spain occupies the east coast of the Americas. If you want to enter the other party's area of ​​influence, you must obtain the consent of the other party.As for the division on land.There is no clear treaty, but a general clause that "whoever discovers it first belongs to him".Moreover, both sides must exercise restraint and not engage in conflicts without authorization. This is mainly because the region of the Americas is too large, and the two countries should not have too much conflict of interest in a short period of time.

Of course, this kind of peace is actually very short-lived, because the war between Ming and Spain did not decide the outcome. Time seized the territory of the Americas, so such a treaty was reached.

But just a few years later, Ming and Spain clashed again, and then it was a war that seemed endless. This war, which was called the "Battle for America" ​​by later generations, lasted for hundreds of years , and finally ended with the decline of Spain, and Ming took the opportunity to take over Spain's territory in the Americas, successfully occupying most of Central and South America.

Regarding these overseas expansions, Zhou Zhong did not pay much attention to these overseas expansions a few years ago. Firstly, the territory of Ming Dynasty was already huge enough, and the population growth could not keep up with it. Secondly, the management of such a large territory was difficult Some problems, such as in Nanyang, some people want to set up land for the king, but it is a pity that Jin Yiwei noticed it before they started, and then the army wiped it out, and Zhou Zhong has always been cruel to such separatist forces. Blood flowed into rivers every time, which also greatly deterred those ambitious people.

With the growth of his son Zhu Zaiyuan, Zhou Zhong is also slowly delegating power. After all, in comparison, his eldest son is the legal heir of Daming. He doesn't want his son to have resentment towards him because of the throne, and even father and son cannibalism tragedy.However, although Zhou Zhong was delegating power, he did one more thing in the end, which was to limit the imperial power.

Imperial power is a very dangerous thing, especially for a huge country like Ming Dynasty, the safety of the whole country is tied to the emperor alone. If you meet a wise or mediocre emperor, it will be a good thing for the empire, even a Making an emperor will make the empire more prosperous, but if you encounter an emperor who acts recklessly or is incompetent, it will be a disaster for the entire country. Countless lessons in history tell us that the emperor is too much for an empire. important.

If you want to change the emperor's influence on the empire, you must weaken the imperial power. Only if the power in the emperor's hands becomes smaller, then his influence on the empire will also be much smaller. The damage caused was also limited, and Zhou Zhong's first thought of limiting the emperor's power was the cabinet.

At that time, Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the position of prime minister and took all the big and small government affairs on himself. Unfortunately, the emperor is not a superman, he also needs some people to share his government affairs, so in this case, the cabinet appeared, and Slowly formed a complete cabinet system, it can be said that the cabinet has completely replaced the position of the original prime minister.

The imperial power and the power of the prime minister have always complemented each other but restrained each other. Zhu Yuanzhang's unintentional move shared the power of the prime minister with several ministers in the cabinet, so that there is no need to worry about powerful ministers appearing in the court, and the cabinet can undertake more government affairs , This also divided more power from the emperor. Back then, Zhengde ignored the government, and the Ming Dynasty was still operating as before. These are all thanks to the cabinet. If you want to limit the imperial power, the cabinet is the most suitable tool.

So under such circumstances, Zhou Zhong began to formulate a supreme law, which clearly divided the imperial power and the prime minister's power. In fact, this is a constitution, and after the status of the inspector's office was promoted.The judiciary of Ming Dynasty has been independent from the administration.So this Constitution came into being.Not only restricted the imperial power, but also gave the Inspectorate a formal tool to limit the power of the cabinet. However, the Inspectorate was also subject to the dual constraints of the imperial power and the cabinet. Under the check and balance of the three parties, a stable triangle relationship was formed.

With this constitution, the imperial power can be limited within a certain range, and when the emperor wants to violate the constitution, the cabinet has the right to reject the order.This is also the old method of the cabinet to deal with the imperial power, but now it is officially written into the constitution, so that the cabinet can have laws to follow. As for the Metropolitan Procuratorate, it can supervise the emperor's use of his power. The procuratorate warned, and even restricted the imperial power.

In order to make the constitution authoritative, especially to limit the imperial power, it is not enough to rely on the cabinet and the Metropolitan Procuratorate.The most important thing is to get the support of the army, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution.The emperor is the supreme commander of the army, and all the troops of the Ming Dynasty are under the command of the emperor, but all of this is on the premise that the emperor did not violate the constitution. The army will be temporarily separated from the emperor's command, which is also rewritten by Zhou into the military school motto. Every officer must study the regulations on the army in the constitution, so that they understand what to do under what circumstances.

In addition, although the emperor has the highest command over the army, the army is still under the management of the Ministry of War at ordinary times. Only in the event of foreign war or internal rebellion, the emperor has the right to mobilize the army.

Compared with the restrictions on the military, the emperor has more power in the administrative and judicial aspects, because the emperor has the right to put forward his own opinions on the administrative and judicial, and even has considerable decision-making power, which comes from the rights of the emperor itself. Neither the Cabinet nor the Metropolitan Procuratorate can restrict it.

Zhou Zhong’s restrictions on imperial power were criticized by many people at the beginning, especially many people believed that the reason why Zhou Zhong restricted imperial power was because he was worried that his son’s enthronement would weaken his power as a supervisor of the country, so Only then will the imperial power be restricted. This kind of statement is not only reasonable, but also extremely inspiring. Even Zhu Zaiyuan, Zhou Zhong's son, was a little puzzled by it. After confessing, Zhu Zaiyuan understood his father's painstaking efforts.

In the 30th year of Zhengde, the 45-year-old Zhengde was unwilling to be lonely, and once again sent troops to attack the Uzbeks, hoping to seize the original territory of the entire Timurid Khanate before the Ottoman Empire. Everything went very smoothly, but When the war was about to end, Zhengde suddenly stumbled on the battlefield and was seriously injured. It could have been cured, but coupled with the unacceptable reasons, Zhengde had a high fever and finally died on the battlefield in Central Asia. .

The death of Zhengde marked the end of the old era of Ming Dynasty and the end of Ming Dynasty's expansion in Central Asia. When the news of Zhengde's death reached Beijing, Zhou Zhong locked himself in his study and wept bitterly. When he walked out of the study, he immediately asked people to prepare for the enthronement ceremony of his son Zhu Zaiyuan. After all, a country cannot live without a king.

After Zhu Zaiyuan ascended the throne, Zhou Zhong completely let go of the government. Zhengde's body was not transported back to the imperial mausoleum next to Beijing for burial, but was buried in southern Central Asia, which is the border area between Afghanistan and Palestine in later generations. The place where Zhengde died in battle, and this is also Zhengde's will, because as long as his mausoleum is here, Ming will never give up his rule over Central Asia.

Zhou Zhong traveled thousands of miles to Central Asia to attend Zhengde's funeral. This funeral was not a state funeral for the emperor, but a military funeral held according to Zhengde's will. The tombs of the dead soldiers, they will continue to guard His Majesty the Emperor of Ming Dynasty with their bodies.

Zhou Zhong cried again in front of Zhengde's tomb, and then suddenly disappeared from Daming, along with his wives, concubines and children. In the whole of Daming, only Zhu Zaiyuan, the eldest son, was left as emperor, and whenever people asked about Zhou Zhong's whereabouts, At that time, Zhu Zaiyuan just smiled bitterly, because he couldn't tell others that his parents took his brothers and sisters to play, but he threw himself down to be the emperor.

Many years later, a new means of transport suddenly appeared in Ming Dynasty. This means of transport is called a train. It can travel thousands of miles on the rails, and only consumes coal and water. It is very interesting and even more interesting when it runs and puffs out black smoke. What is more interesting is that the new invention of the train was not invented by local people in Ming Dynasty, but came from Australia in the south of Nanyang, where many Han people have settled and developed very rapidly, especially in the southeast coast of Australia. It is also a settlement of Han people. It is said that the lobsters there are bigger than people, and there are also delicacies such as sea cucumbers. It is a good place for leisure. (End of the book)

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