Thick black school

Chapter 27 Discussion on Social Issues (3)
Sun Yat-sen's ideal society is not the case. The communism he advocated is a company-style communism, not a family-style communism.The second part of his country-building strategy, he concluded: "My international development industrial plan plans to form all industries into a huge company, which will be owned by the Chinese people." On January 13, 13, he told the Guangzhou business group police The speech said: "The Republic of China is a company business, and if it makes money, the shareholders have a share." He also said: "The Republic of China is a big company, and we are all shareholders in this company, and we should have the power to manage the company's affairs. "On March [-], [-], he said to the East Road Thieves Army: "Turn the country into a big company, and everyone in this company can share dividends." He also said: "The Republic of China has [-] million people. We are all shareholders in this big company.” From this we can see that Sun Yat-sen’s ideal society is a company-like organization, not a family-like organization. Today’s big companies in Europe and the United States can be said to be the testing grounds for Sun Yat-sen’s doctrine. .The organizational laws of European and American companies are much better than those of Chinese families. This is undeniable. Therefore, when we talk about communism, we should adopt the European and American corporate style, not the Chinese family style.Family-style communism is based on the theory of good nature, with moral and emotional effects; corporate-style communism is based on economic principles, without the relationship between morality and emotion.The family organization of Europeans is different from that of Chinese. He does not know the disadvantages of Chinese families, so his ideal society has entered the track of Chinese families. , Adopting the style of European and American companies, it can be said to be insightful.

Sun Yat-sen's People's Livelihood Principles are based on economic principles and are divorced from the relationship between morality and emotion. I have empirical evidence for my words. It is impossible to stop wearing foreign cloth forever and wear homemade cloth..." Or one may be temporarily moved by patriotism and would rather sacrifice, but such emotional impulse is contrary to the economic principle and cannot be sustained.But company-style communism is not the case. Among the shareholders, those who work in the company will be paid a considerable amount, and those who do not want to work in the company are allowed to be free. It's over.Shareholders need to use the goods produced in the company, and each person buys them with money. Naturally, there will be no such thing as "taking what they need and not getting tired of it".In the old families in China, everyone was often divided into small families, and the more they were divided, the smaller they became; in European and American companies, many small companies were often merged into one large company, and the more they merged, the bigger they became.Chinese old families, with a few or a dozen people, will be divided, and large European and American companies, with millions or tens of millions of people, can accommodate them.If we expand this corporate system to accommodate 15 million people, we can become a national communism, and if we expand it to accommodate [-] million people, we can become a world communism. This is the Great Harmony World.I regard large corporations in Europe and the United States as testing grounds for Sun Yat-senism, and based on the results of the testing, I concluded: "Company-style communism can be practiced, but family-style communism cannot be practiced." In the future, we will reform society and formulate a system. At that time, any system similar to the Chinese family system should be avoided. When there is a new incident, we will search for precedents in European and American companies, and see how to solve such incidents in the company. Only then can it be carried out without hindrance.With this opinion, the author believes that the solution to social problems is to adopt the corporate system.

In my book "Psychology and Mechanics", I created a conjectural saying: "Psychological changes, follow the common rules of mechanics." After this publication, many people said that I was far-fetched. At that time, Beckler once said: "Moral attraction is like physical attraction." He tried to use centrifugal force and centripetal force to explain human selfishness and social instinct.In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, some people used Newton's law of gravitation to explain social phenomena.It can be seen that what I said has already been said by the ancients, and it is not a novelty.And I advocate the saying that nature is neither good nor evil. The Chinese Gao Zi said it a long time ago. Gao Zi said: "Sex is like turbulent water."When I said "psychological changes, follow the common rules of mechanics", it is a summary of Gaozi and Bekle's theory. Both Chinese and foreign ancients have this kind of theory. My conjecture may be Can't be wrong.I use this assumption to examine Sun Yat-sen's theory, and I feel that he is deeply in line with the natural principles of the universe, and his method of reforming society is indeed in line with the general laws of mechanics. Here are two more examples:
Sun Yat-sen advocated the equalization of land rights. He said: "If the people report the land price themselves, the government only sets two conditions. One is to collect taxes according to the original quoted price, and the other is to buy the land according to the price. This method can prevent everyone from cheating. The government does not dare to report more for less, or to report more for less. The effect is very wonderful. Because the people report more for less, the original intention is to hope that the government will buy that piece of land. If the government does not buy it, it will go at the original quoted price. Is it possible to avoid the loss of heavy taxation by taxation? As for reporting more and reporting less, it can reduce the tax money. If the government wants to buy at the original price, wouldn’t it be because of the tax reduction that it will cause a loss? The landlord knows this benefit and thinks it over. , are all dangerous, and the result is only a compromise price, and the goodness of the law can never be added." (See "Sun Yat-sen's Speeches", Part [-], Three People's Principles.) His method is to use it secretly. According to the principle of mechanics, you can be free to report more land prices than less. This is centrifugal force, but if you report more and less, you are afraid of losses. There is a coercive force in the dark, that is, centripetal force. When the two forces are balanced, it becomes a compromise price.Sun Yat-sen once said about civil rights: "The start of the machine depends entirely on the piston. In the past, the piston could only be pushed over, and could not be pushed back. A child must be used to pull him back. Later, a lazy child invented it. Improvement, it has become the piston that can come and go freely today, after pushing it, it can be pulled back automatically." This is because the previous machine only had the centrifugal force to push it out, and there was no centripetal force to pull it back. When the two-force configuration stops evenly, the machine can move continuously without sending people to pull it.In foreign countries, special officials are set up to deal with the first level of land price, and lawsuits still occur from time to time.Just like the pistons in the past, children had to be sent to pull them. Occasionally, if the management was not good, the machine would break down. This is because this system did not balance the two forces. The two forces of freedom and coercion are balanced, so there is no need to send people to supervise, and the people will naturally not report more than less. There are additions."

In terms of Sun Yat-sen's examination system, when the examination system was implemented in China, scholars were free to decide whether they were willing to take the examination or not. It is balanced, so at that time, the government did not need to send someone to supervise the scholar, he himself would watch the fire and work hard.Today's students, if not for the strict supervision of the teaching staff, the students will not work hard, just like the piston in the machine in the past, a child had to be sent to pull it.Now every province has a department of education and a provincial inspection, every county has an education bureau and a county inspection, and every school has a principal and an administrator. As before, the reason why it is so can be imagined.Sun Yat-sen adopted the examination system into the five-power constitution and formulated various examination systems to save the poor electoral system, which can be regarded as brilliant.

To sum up, it can be seen that Sun Yat-sen's doctrine is purely based on the principles of the universe and nature, and his observation of human nature never falls into the stereotype of good and evil. When we look at it from the perspective of physics, all of his propositions follow the rules of mechanics. All right, nothing against scientific principles.

The track of world evolution.
In a country, every system is related to other systems.We try to take a comprehensive view of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, that is, we know that the systems of each period have common characteristics and are adapted to the conditions of that period.Just like winter, summer and summer, the food and clothing of each period are adapted to the climate of that period. If we want to reform society, we should first examine the trend of world evolution, so that all facilities will not go against the trend.

Yu met the princes in Mount Tu, and there were thousands of kingdoms holding jade and silk. At the time of Tang, there were three thousand kingdoms. At the time of King Wu of Zhou, there were [-] kingdoms. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were only two hundred and dozens of kingdoms. In the Warring States period, there were only seven kingdoms. During the time of Qin Shihuang, it became unified.Although there will be divisions from time to time in the future, they will soon become unified, which will not prevent them from becoming a unified situation.In the past, there were countless small countries in Europe, and they gradually merged to become the current situation.From this we know that the trend of the world is always that a few small countries merge into a large country, and a number of large countries merge into a larger country, and the number of countries gradually decreases.Judging from this trend, it will eventually end in global chaos.Now the League of Nations is the motivation for global unification, and the invention of Esperanto is a harbinger of the same language in the world. We should know this trend of separation and integration.

We are familiar with all events in the universe, that is, we know that social evolution proceeds in a spiral, not in a straight line.The state of the spiral is that the vertical aspect is deeper and the horizontal aspect is wider.For example, now the great powers stand side by side, just like the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but now the scope is wider and the culture is more advanced. This is a spiral evolution.The ancients always said: "The way of heaven circulates, and there is no end." It can be seen that they have glimpsed this kind of whirling state, but they didn't know it was a spiral shape, and mistakenly thought it was a ring shape, so they said "the cycle has no reason". It proceeds in a circle, spinning endlessly, how can there be evolution?In ancient times in our country, there have been proverbs circulating without reason, so we advocate the restoration of everything, and this is all due to observation errors.The ancients said: "The law of heaven recurs." Today's people say: "Human history never repeats." When we combine these two sayings, it becomes a spiral state.

Our military system can be divided into three periods.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, international competition was fierce, and it was not enough to fight against it without exhausting the power of the whole country.Therefore, at that time, the conscription system was implemented, and the whole country was all soldiers. This was the first period.Later, the whole country was unified and there was no international war. Although there were occasional troubles from foreigners, the competition was not fierce, and there was no need for the whole country to have soldiers.Therefore, in the second period, according to the principle of division of labor, the soldiers and the people were divided into two.Now has entered the third period, with Eurasian traffic, great powers confronting each other, international competition is fierce, and the whole country is unable to resist, and there seems to be a tendency for the whole country to become an army.But we must force the people to serve as soldiers and restore the system of the first period, and the society will definitely be in turmoil.The method of this period should adopt the method of spiral evolution, and use the conscription system of the first period, but not the complete conscription system, and integrate the conscription system with the system of all soldiers in the whole country.On weekdays, military education is used to train the people, which means that the whole country is a soldier. When there is an emergency, the recruitment method is still adopted. Depending on the size of the war, the number of recruits is determined, and the number of troops sent by each province is stipulated. Each province decides to send each county to recruit how many troops. The recruitment will be divided among the villages, and the volunteers will be filled.The population of our country is [-] million, and the population of any country in the world is not as large as ours. Therefore, to start a war with any country, it is not necessary to drive out the people of the whole country to fight against it. It is enough to recruit volunteers to serve as soldiers.Drumming their reputation and giving them heavy rewards will not worry that no one will apply for it. Moreover, these soldiers are all voluntary, and their courageous heart to fight against the enemy is much more enthusiastic than those who are forced to think of soldiers.Otherwise, it would be a bad thing to force those cowardly and courageous people into the army to make up a sufficient number.This method can be explained by the common law of mechanics: whether to be a soldier or not, let him be free, this is a kind of separation force, and a soldier who enjoys a good reputation and rewards, which is enough to make others admire, is a kind of gravitational force.The second is to maintain a balance. Those who are willing to be soldiers and those who are not willing to be soldiers can get what they want, and the society will naturally live in peace. After the war is over, it is the most difficult to disband the army. It is easy to handle the provinces and counties if they try to arrange them.

The marriage system in our country can also be divided into three periods. In ancient times, men and women were interbreeding, and there was no need for couples. The children born knew that they had a mother but did not know that they had a father. The marriage system at this time only had centrifugal force but no centripetal force. This is the first period. .Later, the marriage system was formulated. Once it is in harmony with it, it will not be changed for life. Even if there is great pain between husband and wife, they cannot be separated lightly. This is because there is centripetal force and no centrifugal force. This is the marriage system of the second period.Up to now, it has entered the third period, this period is freedom of marriage, a certain woman does not have to marry a certain man, but a certain man's love is enough to attract her, a certain man does not necessarily marry a certain woman, but a certain woman's love is enough Attracting him, the combination of the two forces from the centrifugal to the heart becomes the free marriage system in the third period.This kind of marriage system originally participated in half of the ancient marriage system, and it also evolved in a spiral manner. Many young men and women can't see this kind of track clearly, thinking that they should return to the ancient hybrid state, it is a big mistake.

The freedom of the European people can also be divided into three periods. The ancient people lived in caves and were purely scattered, unrestrained and extremely free. This is the first period.In the Middle Ages, the people were oppressed by the monarch, and there was no freedom of speech and thought. This is the second period.Since the French Revolution, the balance between the power of government intervention and the power of people's freedom is the third period.In terms of mechanics, in the first period, there is centrifugal force but no centripetal force; in the second period, there is centripetal force but no centrifugal force; in the third period, there are two centripetal and centrifugal forces to keep their balance.Seen from the surface, the third period includes the free state of the first period, which seems to be a return to the first period, but it is not a return to the first period, but a spiral state that seems to be returning but not returning.Rousseau was born at the end of the second period, saw the tendency to turn around, and mistakenly thought that he should return to the first period, so his theory was based on the system of the first period, and the first essence was to return to the original natural state .He said: "Everything in nature is good. Once it enters the hands of human beings, it will become evil." Half of his theories are true and half are not. Welcome, because half of it is not true, so during the French Revolution, it caused a very riotous phenomenon, and the government had to intervene as a result.It is a natural tendency for society to be stable only when the power of government intervention is balanced with the power of people's freedom.It's a pity that when Rousseau advocated that kind of theory, he didn't see clearly the trajectory of this spiral evolution. As a result, many people died wrongly at the beginning of the French Revolution.

The method of human property distribution is divided into three periods. In the first period, the goods on the earth are owned by mankind; in the second period, the goods on the earth are privately owned by everyone; in the third period, Public ownership and private ownership go hand in hand.In the third period, it seems that half of the personal property is divided and released to the society, bringing a bit of a return to the state of the first period. In fact, it is a spiral evolution, not a return to the first period.

When we divide the era clearly, we can know which theories are suitable and which ones are not.The era we are in now is at the end of the second period and is about to enter the third period.Smith's theory of free competition and Darwin's theory of superiority and inferiority are both products of the second period, so they can be effective when implemented, and their theories can stir up sensations for a while, but they are incompatible with the third period.Therefore, Smith's theory once gave birth to the result of capitalist tyranny.Darwin's theory once gave birth to the results of the European War, and Kropotkin's theory of mutual aid is the track that people in the third period should follow. It is a pity that Kropotkin invented this theory when he traveled to Siberia and Manchuria, etc. From observing the living conditions of animals and savages.His ideal society is a primitive state, in other words, a state of anarchy. Because he strongly advocates anarchism, half of his theories are acceptable and half are not.

We have seen that the ideal society for those who oppose the system of the second period is the society of the first period.The Chinese dream of the Huaxu Kingdom, dream of Tang Yu, and those who advocate anarchism and the theory of people's contract in Europe, all take the society in the first period as their ideal society, and they all walk into the same path. trail of.They all say that human nature is good, and they are on the same track. This is something worth studying.In addition, for those who are dissatisfied with the current system, their ideal society is always in the original state, such as overthrowing the intellectual class, free love with husbands, etc., all return to the original state. We use this perspective to study the current state. Various theories, which one gains and which one loses, is well known.

Sun Yat-sen's theory is that public wealth and private wealth go hand in hand.He advocated that what should be owned by the public should be returned to the public, which seems to be returning to the first period. However, private rights are still guaranteed, but it is not a complete return to the first period. This state of seemingly returning but not returning is precisely Follow the trajectory of spiral evolution.If we want to solve social problems, we must know that the situation in our country is very different from that in Europe and the United States.Before our country was open to trade, no matter who was poor or rich, money always circulated within the country. Now domestic money flows to foreign countries like water.For example, a foreign country transports foreign yarn and oil to China to sell, and we buy them with money. After a while, the clothes are worn out and the oil is dry. Once the money is gone, it will never return.The current situation in our country is like bandits robbing a city. Everyone in the city is robbed, but the victims vary in severity.When we deal with foreign thieves, we should use the method of strengthening the walls and clearing the country, not buying foreign goods, so that they cannot plunder, this is the right way.Foreign workers are oppressed by European and American capitalists, and our people are also oppressed by European and American capitalists. The enemies of each other are the same. It is a consistent strategy for our country to boycott foreign goods and foreign workers to strike. Besides, those big capitalists naturally collapsed.Sun Yat-sen advocated the withdrawal of tariffs to avoid the oppression of foreign goods, which is a way to fortify the wall and clear the country, so Sun Yat-sen's doctrine is very suitable for our country.

(End of this chapter)