Thick black school

Chapter 30 Discussion on Social Issues (6)
Employees of banks and household registration offices, inspectors of Yufu Bank, and other important employees shall be elected or removed by people's vote.Those who belong to a village shall be voted by the people of the whole village; those who belong to the whole county shall be voted by the people of the whole county;For example, the monthly interest rate on bank deposits was originally set at [-]%. Some people suggested that it should be changed to [-]%, while others suggested that it should be changed to [-]%. The reasons for the three should be made in a statement, announced nationwide, and regularly voted by general votes.Everyone votes at the local household registration investigation office. Those who live in other places can deliver it from the post office, and the household registration investigation office will issue a vote. The total number of votes for [-]%, [-]%, and [-]% will be reported to the county. , reported by the county to the province, and reported by the province to the central government.Assuming that those who advocate four percent are the majority, that is, those who deposit in the bank will have a monthly interest of four percent, and those who borrow from the bank will have a monthly interest of eight percent.For another example, some people advocate that everyone should not spend too much money, and that deposits in banks should be restricted, while others advocate that there should be no restrictions.Should it be restricted, or should it not be restricted?If it should be restricted, the deposits of each person should be limited to a certain amount at most, which can be decided by the general vote of the people of the whole country.The whole country is a big company, and [-] million people are shareholders in the company. Everyone has their own interests and the hope of dividends. Therefore, when voting, they will not be campaigned by others. Even if there is fraud, they must report each other. Those who serve in the public service must also check each other if they have abuses such as embezzlement and embezzlement.If there is no provision for payment of living expenses, the people and the country have no relationship. Even if others engage in private fraud, they are unwilling to offend private individuals because of public affairs.Chinese officials embezzle public funds, and no one cares about them. This is the disadvantage.Now that there are regulations on the distribution of living allowances, the people and the country are in a position of common interests, and if they erode the state's funds, they are tantamount to eroding private funds. There are [-] million people in the country, that is, there are [-] million inspectors. Those who have nothing to hide, the politics of the whole people advocated by Sun Yat-sen can appear.

Regarding the inheritance system, many people advocate abolishing it. If we follow the method mentioned in this chapter, all land and factories will be owned by the public, and private individuals will have no property. The owner is nothing more than the money in the bank. We will only study this Whether the money should be passed on to the children and grandchildren.This matter is related to everyone, and it can be resolved by the method of referendum in the future.In my personal opinion, I can let it be passed on, because we have admitted that each person's body is the private property of each person, and the assets exchanged by mental and physical strength should be privately owned by each person.The children born to each person are separated from his body, and of course they have the right to inherit his property. If they are owned by the public, they will commit the disadvantage of "taking private property and returning it to the public".The reason why ordinary people work hard is to accumulate wealth and pass it on to future generations.If the accumulated money is not allowed to be passed on to the descendants of the master, it will definitely reduce human effort, that is, reduce the speed of social evolution.

The rich are too rich, and the poor are too poor. They want to abolish the inheritance system to eliminate the rich and the poor, but they don’t know that the emergence of capitalists has nothing to do with the inheritance system.Here is an example to prove it: Carnegie, the American steel magnate, was the son of a poor man. When he was three years old, he was an apprentice in a silk factory.Kerosene magnate Locke Lan, a farmer, when he was six or seven years old, went down the mountain with his mother to collect firewood, or pulled weeds in the fields with his father.Railway King Jiemsher, 15 years old, his father died and he had no means of living, so he entered the shop as an apprentice.Weld was famous for erecting the Pacific Ocean submarine power line, and at the age of 16, he was also an apprentice in the New York shop.The great French banker Lao Huituo, who was poor when he was young, went to a certain bank and stated to his master that he was willing to be a lowly servant, but the master refused.When he walked out, a nail fell from the leather shoe, and he picked it up. Because he was not negligent, the master called him in and ordered him to serve in the bank.Hugh Wabu, a rich man in the United States, is the son of a wool weaver in a small village. When he was young, he helped his father work, either as a farmer's servant, or as a post office groom.Zhang Luke, the king of Tongshan, was the son of a farmer. When he was young, he followed his father to drive more than ten cattle for hundreds of miles. He slept with the cattle at night and rejoiced with them in the morning.Sugar King Sbreck, a German, sailed to the United States at that time, and when he landed, he checked his clothes bag. There were a few pieces of sugar left on the left, and three pieces of gold left on the right. Apart from his body, he had nothing else.The merchant king, Vanamere, was the son of a brick maker. When he was young, his family was poor and he was unable to go to school. He walked in the market without winter or summer.Car King Forte, more than [-] years ago, he was still a clock worker.All the above are the sons of the poor and have not inherited.However, the father of Bank King Morgan is a well-known rich man in the United States, but he did not rely on his father to get rich.He often said: "Although Yu is the son of Spicer Morgan, he does not use this to stand in the world. Yu must be an independent man." It can be seen that his huge wealth is not related to inheritance.We carefully consider that the source of wealth for all people is to plunder the productivity of the earth and machines, otherwise they would operate international trade or open banks, but Huwabu did not operate independently, but he assisted the steel king all his life, and his wealth was still from To plunder the earth and machine productivity.If land, machinery, banks, and international trade are nationalized, those who become kings in the industrial world will never be produced. This is the fundamental cure.

As for the procedures for reforming society, I advocate starting from the villages, with each village as a unit, each running its own business. Because the situation is complicated at the beginning of the reform, it should be properly handled according to the local situation. If there are obstacles , improve at any time.Only when the villages are done well can the whole county be united, when the counties are done well, the whole province can be united, when the provinces are done well, the whole country can be united, in the future all countries in the world can be done well, the whole world can be united, It is the Datong world.

When reforming society, we should pay attention to two points: (1) The laws and regulations formulated should leave more room for expansion and contraction in each locality. Do it like you like it, and you can't use severe punishments to force the people to do it.Its implementation method should be as follows:
After the government took the land into public ownership, it counted the amount of land in the village and ordered the people in the village to organize a group for public management. This group would share the land with the farmers. This group pays the bank. If the rent and interest are grains, etc., the group sells them publicly and pays them to the bank with silver. The government is in a supervisory position, so there is no trouble.

The benefits of improving the national land with funds from the state shall go to the state, and the benefits of improving the land from the villages shall go to the villages.For the purchase of machinery, improvement of fertilizers, etc., the money needed is borrowed from the bank at interest, and the interest can be postponed until the profit is made.If the construction of roads, dredging of ditches, etc. is permanent on the land where the construction is carried out, the government and the village shall each bear half of the funds used.For example, a village borrows 2000 yuan from the bank for road construction and canal construction. On the day the work is completed, the government sends personnel to inspect and approve it. The government will bear half of the loan. The bank will only list the village as a loan of 1000 yuan. , but still intact.Because the interest on bank loans and the interest on depositors is a ratio of two to one.Assume that the monthly interest rate for deposits is 2000%, and the loan rate is 12%. The people deposit 2000 yuan in the bank, and the bank pays a monthly interest of 1000 yuan. A certain village borrows 12 yuan for road construction and digging canals, and the bank only lists that village For 2000 yuan of silver, the monthly interest of its income is 1000 yuan, which is exactly equal to the interest of [-] yuan of people's deposits. However, the government bears an extra [-] yuan of interest-free debt. As long as the government does not pay interest, it does not hurt to bear more of this debt. .

Sun Yat-sen said there are seven ways to increase production in agriculture: the first is the problem of machinery, the second is the problem of fertilizers, the third is the problem of plant replacement, the fourth is the problem of eliminating pests, the fifth is the problem of manufacturing, and the sixth is the problem of transportation. The seventh problem is disaster prevention.The government should send people to the villages to give lectures or explain the improvement methods in detail, so that the farmers know clearly whether they adopt it or not, and they are free to listen to the people without forceful interference.There is an old saying: "Where there is benefit, people will go to it." They know where the great benefit is, and they will naturally actively engage in it.Sun Yat-sen once said: "If you tell the Chinese that you want him to fight for freedom, they don't understand and are unwilling to go along with it, but if you tell him that you want him to get rich, many people will follow." To improve the land is to invite him to make a fortune. The people have no reason not to welcome them, that is, those who have doubts. At best, they just don’t follow the improvement. Xi, this group can be sub-tenanted according to the original rent of the public. The members of the group only need to spend a little effort to collect the rent and interest on behalf of the public.As long as this level is achieved, the powers of affairs in the village will gradually be unified, and everything will be easy to handle in the future, and the effect will be achieved.

Regarding the matter of increasing production, they are unwilling to improve, so they have to listen to it. If they interfere and reverse things, there will be repercussions.We always try our best to promote, try our best to persuade, and allow them to adopt freely. As long as a certain village benefits greatly, they will naturally rush to imitate it.For this kind of thing, if the supervision is strict, there will be many problems in the reversal. Wang Anshi's young crop method is a lesson from the past.The people of the Song Dynasty, when the crops were not harvested, often borrowed heavily from the rich. Wang Anshi created the method of young crops. It is a good way to benefit both public and private interests so as not to suffer from heavy profits. Wang Anshi vigorously urged the officials to implement it, and determined the achievements of the officials according to the amount of money scattered for the green crops. Farmers who don't need money, and rich people whose husbands have a lot of money, all force him to receive money for young crops, causing great anger and resentment, and using the best method to reap the worst results are all born of the word "forced".Su Dongpo said that Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty was too eager to seek medical treatment, which is really an insight into the crux of the problem. We should take it as a big warning to reform society.In the affairs of the world, there are coercants and improper coercators. For example, when land, machinery, banks, and international trade are nationalized, they should be enforced, and no one can be alone.As for the improvement in the countryside, it should be done as mentioned above, and left to its own freedom.Such a method is in line with the principle advocated by Sun Yat-sen that "the power of government coercion and the power of people's freedom should be balanced."

An old saying goes: "It takes ten years to grow a tree, but a hundred years to grow a man." Educating people is the same as planting trees. Although we hope that trees will grow, we can only improve the soil and fertilizer, and wait for it to grow by itself. You can't help trees. This truth is clearly explained in Liu Zongyuan's "Biography of Guo Lutuo in Planting Trees".Now that the New Deal is flourishing and the people are in dire straits, every time the authorities, with the intention of benefiting the country and benefiting the people, do things that harm the country and the people, it is a violation of Liu Zongyuan's statement.All of Smith's academic theories are purely laissez-faire. He said: "The people's interest in profit is rooted in nature. The government only needs to remove obstacles for him. Where the benefits lie, the people will naturally try their best to search for them. All natural benefits are That’s why it was developed.” His theory has had great effect in Europe, and when we develop rural interests, we will follow his theory and it will naturally have great effect.

After the above method is implemented, one person can get two benefits: (1) each person can get a share of the benefits of improving land and increasing production in the countryside; (2) the government distributes living expenses every year according to the national population, This is another benefit.For this reason, the people have to ask about the affairs of the whole village and the whole country.Most of the people nowadays are "doing nothing to worry about themselves".Revolutionary people fight desperately for civil rights, and after winning them, hand them over to the people to exercise them.I'm afraid that the common people in the countryside will think that we are too busy to interfere with their time to eat and sleep, so they have to follow their instinct to get rich, attach the word "minquan" to the word "facai", and hand it over to the people, and the people will accept it. Getting rich is something that brings along the thing of civil rights by the way.They knew that the officials were the stewards who managed the money for them, so they had to choose them carefully, and they had to replace them when there were bad stewards.In this way, the right to vote and the right to recall, they naturally know that they have exercised it.They know that if all the regulations are not finalized, someone will cheat, public funds will be lost, and they will have to share less dividends in the future. In this way, the right to create and veto will be exercised.Therefore, the government must pay living expenses every year, so that the people can have a relationship with the government, and then they can exercise their civil rights. Everyone has a personal relationship, so that they will not be controlled by a few people, and politics for the whole people can be realized.

(End of this chapter)