Thick black school

Chapter 40 The Trend of Chinese Academics

Chapter 40 The Trend of Chinese Academics (9)
Mencius's academic thinking was originally more complete than Yang Mo's, but for our current era, it is unavoidable to be a little high-profile, and we should first take some of Yang Mo's prescriptions before we can treat the symptoms.Now someone needs to embrace Mozi's spirit of "sacrificing oneself" and come forward to promote Yang Zhu's academic thought, so that everyone can guard their own rights and never let go, so that the world can have peace!And he had to take some medicine from Han Fei before he could take medicine from Confucius and Mencius.why?Zhuge Wuhou said: "If you practice the law, you will know kindness." Corrupt officials, local tyrants and evil gentry, profiteers and wealthy families in this world all adopt Han Fei's method and must be severely punished!So we should go retrograde from the tenth level, below the No.11 level, take it easy for now.

[-]. Chinese Lao Tzu's Inaction Thought and Western Democracy Academics

my country's academic thought should be represented by Lao Tzu.His academic thoughts are connected with Shi Shi's, which needs to be described.And it is more connected with the latest Western democratic thought.Here is a strict criticism of Lao Tzu as evidence. Yan Youling said in Chapter 3 of "Lao Tzu": "Try to read the song 'Come to Carve the Valley and Earth' in "The Legend of the Heroes of Brudage", and examine the reason why it ruled 'Sparta' If you are a person, you will know that its function is in line with Lao Tzu's." This is not a flattery, so he said: "Huang Lao governs the way for democracy."

In Chapter 10, he commented: "Husband Huang Lao's way is used by democratic countries... In the country of monarchs, there are no yellow and old people who can't use it; the yellow and old people of the Han Dynasty are taken from their appearance."

In chapter 37, it was commented: "The advancement of civilization, the prosperity of the people, and the prosperity of the cultural relics are all prosperous. It is necessary to guard against this. Lao Tzu's intention is to lock it with simplicity. This purpose is exactly the same as that of Rousseau. "

He also commented: "Laozi said that the function is to plant the king, so I know that the "Tao Te Ching" is a book on the rule of words. However, Montesquieu's "Fa Yi Pian" said: "Democracy is based on morality, and the monarch uses propriety. As for autocracy Then use punishment.' China has never had a democratic system; although Lao Tzu can't think about it. Therefore, the rule of morality cannot be found among the monarchs, but the mind is above Huang Nong, thinking that it existed in ancient times. Cover the ancient king Not very respectful, the people are not very cheap, and the matter is close to democracy. This is the next article, "a small country with few people". The husband is willing to eat delicious food, live in peace and enjoy the customs, and neighbors look at each other. In such a world, Zhengmeng De Siquiu's "Fayi Pian" refers to the truth of democracy. Anyone who is good at reading the second book in the world will definitely know me. Woohoo! Lao Tzu, the rule of democracy can be used."

In Chapter 46, he commented: "It's purely 'democracy'. I read the book "Fa Yi" by the French Confucianist Montesquieu to show that my words are true." According to Yan's criticism, it can be seen that Laozi's theory, It can actually penetrate the best democratic ideas in the West.

What is practiced in today's Western economy is based on the principle of Spencer's thinking; what is used in politics is based on the principle of Roussean's thinking.Stuart advocated "freedom" in economy, and Rousseau advocated "freedom" in politics.Lao Tzu in our country is a figure who advocates freedom.When we propose Lao Tzu, the academic thoughts of Tongsi and Lu Ershi can be integrated.Spencer's "free competition" changed into Darwin's "power competition", and then changed into Nietzsche's "superhumanism", which is exactly the same as the so-called "morality becomes criminal name" in China.The "liberalism" in the West followed by "fascist imperialism", and the "indifference" of Huang Lao in our country followed by the "dictatorship" of Shen Han.We know that Huang Lao's "morality" and Shen Han's "criminal name" are consistent, so we can find the commonality and traces of transformation of various academic thoughts.

But I am not saying that with Laozi in China, we can stop studying other Western academic thoughts; I just mentioned Laozi to see that various academic thoughts can communicate with each other!If we understand this truth, we can try our best to explore all the progressive thoughts in the West!
[-]. The integration of Chinese and Indian Western learning to create a new culture
Westerners used the method of observation to gain a glimpse of the natural principles of the universe, and thus invented "natural sciences" such as physical chemistry.Ancient Chinese sages saw the natural principles of the universe by looking up and down, and thus formulated various "rules and systems".The same is to see the principles of nature, one is used in "physics", and the other is used in "ethics".For this reason, it is necessary for the academic thoughts of the two sides to communicate and integrate, to benefit from each other, and to achieve more perfection.

The system established by the ancients in our country is extremely unorganized in many places, but it is extremely reasonable.Such as the so-called "father's kindness", "son's filial piety", "brothers and friends", "brother respect", those who are above are "benevolent to the people and love things", and those who are below are "professional and long-term" and so on, which implies the principle of magnetic induction; Not to mention rights and obligations, but rights and obligations are in it, and the relationship between people is full of fun.Westerners draw many boundaries between people, and the rights and obligations between "father and son" and "husband and wife" are calculated in the way of "bookkeeping"; the clearer the rights and obligations, the less interesting life is.Therefore, Western "ethics" should be infused with the magnetic and electric elements of Eastern human touch, so as to change the cold and rational attitude.China is a little confused, and it is very important to consider Western organizational techniques.

Studying knowledge is like opening a mine. China, India, and the West each open a mine and mine downward.The mines of the Indians and the mines of the Chinese, first opened up, are now in contact with the caves of the West.The truth of the universe is a thing of chaos (according to: this is also what Westerners say that the human mind of the world is a circle).China, India, and the West have their own studies, either in "ethics" and personnel research, or in material "physics" research. During this period, several schools have been separated, and the various schools are divided and merged, and merged. To move forward in the way of splitting, combining and splitting.Judging from the current trend, the academic thoughts of China, India, and the West should be integrated, that is to say, the academic thoughts of personnel and material, regardless of their schools, should be integrated into one.This is the time of my life, that is, I should follow the trend and work hard to engage in this great, sacred and meaningful work.

As we all know, there is only one universal truth.As long as they are studied thoroughly, they will not conflict with each other. (According to the ancient and modern Chinese and foreign, the heart is the same.) If there are conflicts, one of them must be incomplete, or the other is problematic.The more serious the conflict and the deeper the research, the source will naturally be found out.If you can find out the source, then of course it won't be a problem to merge into one.The conflict is the harbinger of integration. For example, if several clay balls are placed on a plate and do not touch each other, there will never be conflicts, and they will always be isolated from each other.If you take it and squeeze it, you can make a big mud pill.

The academic thoughts of China, India, and the West used to be isolated from each other and not in contact with each other.Since Buddhism came from the east, it has conflicted with the inherent academic thoughts of our country, which is the so-called squeeze.Looking at the natural trend, there must be a new academic thought that combines Chinese, Indian, and Western academic thoughts into one in the future!
As for the method of integrating the academic thoughts of China, India, and the West, we only need to refer to our past experience of integrating Indian thinking.Buddhism is a "way out of the world", Confucianism is a "way into the world", the two are extremely opposite.Cheng Ming Dao's family came out, "govern the heart" with the method of Shi Shi, "govern the world" with the method of Confucius, enter the world and emerge from the world, and become one, which is the way of Laozi.Su Ziyou wrote an "Explanation of Laozi", which integrates the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, which is also the way of Laozi.When Wang Yangming was in Longchang Station, he was fully enlightened and pushed Xiangshan alone.Xiangshan advocates Ming Dao, which is also Lao Tzu's way.Freedom of thought, like Li Zhuowu, is unique to Su Ziyou, and it is still Laozi's way.Also in the Ming Dynasty, Chen Baisha, who learned from Wu Kangqi, did not know where he came from. He donated his eyes and ears to remove his mind. After a long time, he will gain something.As for Baisha's study, commentators say it is close to Lao and Zhuang.It can be seen that anyone who sweeps away the old sayings and explores with a deep heart will all get the result of walking into the path of Lao Tzu.This is because Lao Tzu's learning has won the "universal truth".

According to Yan Criticism of Lao Tzu, Lao Tzu's learning can integrate Western people's democratic academic thoughts, so if we follow Lao Tzu's approach, we will be able to integrate Chinese, Indian, and Western academic thoughts into one without any doubt!
Lao Tzu's study, inner sage and outer king.Its cultivation is also internal, and it is said to "create emptiness and tranquility, keep tranquility and earnestness, and all things work together, so I can see what happens next."The only way to do it outside is to say, "Cultivate it in the body, and its virtue will be true; cultivate it in the family, and its virtue will be superfluous; cultivate it in the countryside, and its virtue will grow; cultivate it in the state, and its virtue will be abundant; cultivate it in the world, Its Denap".Confucianism's "sincerity", "righteousness", "regulation of the family", "governing the country", and "pacification of the world" are consistent.It is exactly the same as Laozi's purpose, and this is the greatest advantage of Chinese academic thought.

When Buddhism was introduced into China, it conflicted with my inherent academics. Cheng Mingdao adopted the Confucian "righteousness" and "sincerity" to integrate it with the "clear mind" and "seeing nature" of Buddhism.Nowadays, Western "individualism", "nationalism" and "socialism" have been introduced into China, and they are in conflict with our country's inherent academic thoughts. "Peace" in order to integrate with Western doctrines of "individual", "national" and "society" in order to achieve unity.

Westerners regard "individual", "country" and "society" as three mutually incompatible objects, so that the three doctrines go to extremes and conflict with each other.Confucius said that "body" is also "family", "country" and "world" are consistent; among the three, the word "family" is added.Lao Tzu added the word "Xiang" to see that it is broad and complete, complete and perfect.This is why my country's academic thought can be called Datong academic thought.

The ideas of China and India have long been integrated.Now we only need to work on the integration of Chinese and Western ideas.Once this kind of work is achieved, the world's academic thoughts can be integrated and unified.In this way, if the academics are consistent, the thoughts are the same, and the behaviors are the same, then all disputes in the world can be avoided, and the great harmony can be expected.This responsibility should be undertaken by Chinese scholars and thinkers with excellent minds, and Western Indians cannot do it.Because people from the West and India have never done in-depth research on my country's academic thinking.The Chinese people have inherited and studied their own academic thoughts for thousands of years, and they have also studied and integrated Indian ideas for more than 2000 years.After the Sino-Japanese War of Gengzi, Chinese people have tried their best to study Western academic thought for more than ten years.Therefore, the great and sacred work of integrating the two unique academic ideas of China and the West to create new academic ideas and culture in the world should be undertaken by the best scholars and thinkers of the Chinese nation!If this is the case, please see who will rule the world today!

Laozi philosophy
Laozi's philosophy has five thousand words in the "Tao Te Ching".Everything is said with the word "Tao".It is divided into three parts to study.

The first part is "the noumenon of Tao", that is, "ontology"; the second part is "the name and form of Tao", that is, "the theory of name and phase"; the third part is the function of Tao, that is, "function theory".Described below:
(Part One: The Noumenon of Tao (Ontology)
What is "Ontology"?When human thought has reached a slightly advanced age, they always want to ask where does everything in the universe come from?What is the body?This is a long-standing problem in Chinese and Western academia.As far as I think, I'm afraid it will never be resolved.But while it can't be solved, scholars love to study it.Although the results of the research may be useless for solving this problem, they have led to research on other problems, which has a great relationship with academic progress.Here is a brief explanation of the general trend of the world's academic circles on this issue:

The original debate on this issue was "theism" and "atheism".The theism school says that everything in the universe was created by "God".But the universe has no body, so God is his body.We don't have to study the universe, we only need to study "God".But things like "God" are only allowed to be believed in, not studied.Therefore, the claim of "theism" is beyond the scope of learning, and "atheism" can only be established if learning comes into being.The so-called "ontology" will become a problem.

The second stage of debate is "monism", "dualism", "pluralism", or "materialism", "idealism", "mind-matter parallelism". The intricate relationship is as follows:

Duality

Unity idealism

唯物
Diversity

Now that the theory of divine creation has been broken, the essence of all things naturally seeks for all things themselves.The first developed is to seek objectively, so there is one-dimensional "materialism" or multiple "materialism".The monistic "materialism", when it was very naive, picked out one thing from all things and regarded it as the foundation of all things.For example, Thales of Greece said that "water is the root of all things", Persianism said that "fire is the root of all things", and India has "dizong", "water", "fire", and "wind". , "Kong Zong", "Fang Zong", "Shi Zong" and so on.Diversified "materialism", such as the Chinese yin and yang family saying that "the five elements transform all things".India follows the world and says that "the four great earths, fire, water, and wind give birth to all sentient beings" and so on.There is also "pluralism" in which mind and matter are mixed. For example, the Indian "Victory School" says that all things are composed of nine kinds of things, one earth, two waters, three fires, four winds, five emptinesses, six times, seven directions, eight self, Nine meanings, but "pluralism" cannot always be established.Because anyone who studies ontology originally wants a "consistent" principle, and this kind of cumbersome and flawed theory is naturally unsatisfactory.Therefore, those who advocate "materialism" end up tending to "unity".The "extremely small" mentioned by Indian heretics, and the analysis and combination of atoms and the vibration of electrons by modern European and American scholars can be regarded as extremely precise "monistic materialism".

People from the various schools mentioned above seek the body of the universe from objective matter.But after careful study, whether objective matter can exist independently has become a big problem.For example, here is a "table" and a "blackboard". If you look at it with common sense, you will say that it is real.But why do we say that He exists? I see it with my eyes and think it with my heart.But can "table" and "blackboard" exist independently without our consciousness?If a group of us are as unconscious as a "table", can there be such a "blackboard" in the world?A group of us are as unconscious as a "blackboard". Can there be such a "table" in the world?To put it another way, after you heard me say "table" and "blackboard" today, although you will remove the "table" and "blackboard" tomorrow, you will close your eyes and think about it, and the "table" and "blackboard" will still be Come alive.Even after many years, you left school and went to a foreign country. When you think of today's affairs, the "table" and "blackboard" are still firmly in your mind.In this way, the existence of "table" and "blackboard" does not depend on itself, but on our consciousness.Simply put, there is only subjective existence, not objective existence.The idea of ​​this school is "ideal monism".In the history of European philosophy, the "monism" of "materialism" and "idealism" has been arguing for more than 2000 years, and it has never been resolved.Among them, there is often a "dualism of the opposition between mind and matter" to reconcile and compromise, so there are more and more discussions.Going a step further, is the "ontology" "empty" or "existent"?Another big problem.Those who advocate "materialism" seem to say "yes" at first glance.But push from coarse matter to "atoms", and from "atoms" to electrons; the vibration of electrons depends entirely on the "force" that sees, hears, and hears.Is it "yes" or "empty"?It's hard to say.Those who advocate "idealism" seem to say "empty" at first glance.But "idealism" always depends on us to make the starting point. Is there any "I"?If you don't even have me, how can you use your thoughts?That's why Descartes, the great French philosopher, had a famous saying: "I think, therefore I am." I am neither "empty", so the universe itself is naturally not "empty".Therefore, the issue of "emptiness and existence" has been litigated for thousands of years without a decision. This is the general situation of Indians and Westerners studying "ontology".

The Buddha's teachings are completely different from these.The Buddha said that what is God, what is not God, what is matter, what is mind, what is empty, what is there, are all words in the "name and form", once the "name and form" is included, it is not the "noumenon".Noumenon can only be obtained by leaving all names and forms. "Mahayana Awakening of Faith" puts it best: "There are two kinds of gates according to one mind method. Therefore."

The door of Xinzhenru refers to the "noumenon", and the door of the generation and extinction of the heart refers to the "name and appearance". How about the original body of Zhenru?He said: "That's why all dharmas come from the original. They are separated from words, names, and conditions. They are equal, cannot be mutated, and cannot be destroyed. They are only one mind, so they are called true. All words and false names have no reality. , but following delusional thoughts, it is impossible to get the reason; those who say it is like, there is no sign, it is said that the extreme of words, because of words and words, this true as body has nothing to say, because all dharmas are true; there is nothing to establish, so that All dharmas are the same as before; you should know that all dharmas cannot be said or recited, so they are called true suchness.”

Let's see what Laozi's "ontology" says?He said: "There is a mixture of things, born from heaven and earth. Lonely and lonely, independent without changing, traveling around without perishing, can be the mother of the world. I don't know its name. The word is 'Tao'. The strong name is '' big'."

He also said: "Heaven follows Tao, Tao follows nature."

He also said: "The god of the valley is immortal, it is called Xuan Min; the gate of Xuan Min is called the root of heaven and earth; if it exists continuously, it will not move when used."

He also said: "Mystery is more mysterious, the door of all wonders."

He also said: "Dao rushes and uses it, or it may not be full. Yuanxi seems to be the ancestor of all things... Zhanxi seems to exist. I don't know whose son is like the ancestor of the emperor."

He also said: "Seeing but not seeing is called Yi, hearing what is not known is called Xi, and grasping what is not known is called Wei; these three cannot be questioned, so they are mixed into one... The rope cannot be named, and it returns to nothing. The appearance of no shape, the appearance of nothing, is called trance. You can’t see what’s behind you.”

He also said: "Tao is a thing, but it is only trance. In trance, there is image in it. In trance, there is substance in it. When it is dark, there is essence in it. The essence is so real, and there is faith in it. "

He also said: "Subtle and mysterious, deep and unrecognizable; Huwei is unrecognizable, so it is strong for tolerance."

We have to study these passages carefully to get a clue.He said "birth from heaven and earth", "the roots of heaven and earth", and "before the emperor". This clearly said "the essence of Tao", and he wanted to seek him beyond the concept of "heaven"; The "God's Creation Theory" tried to destroy it.Later Zisi said: "Heaven's destiny is called nature, and straightforwardness is called Tao." Dong Zhongshu said: "The great source of Tao comes from heaven." This is all about inversion.Lao Tzu said that "the sky follows the Tao", not "the Tao follows the heaven", which is the highest point of his opinion.

(End of this chapter)

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