Thick black school

Chapter 39 The Trend of Chinese Academics (8)
Confucius said: "Isn't it a pleasure to learn and practice it from time to time? Isn't it a pleasure to have friends come from afar? Isn't it a gentleman who doesn't know but is stunned?" Yan. Both parents exist, brothers have no reason, and there is one joy; looking up to be worthy of the sky, bowing down to others, that is the second joy; getting the best talents in the world and educating them, three joys." Between parents, teachers and friends; Westerners generally seek pleasure in material comforts.For example, theaters in amusement parks and the like.Although Chinese and Western academic thoughts are different ways, the two can be reconciled, and there is no conflict between spirit and matter.Why do you say that?For example, as mentioned above, as long as we invite our parents, teachers and friends to go to the park to go to the theater, isn't it a combination of spiritual and material entertainment!The reconciliation of Chinese and Western academic thoughts is just like asking parents, teachers and friends to go to the park and go to the theater. The situation is the same.

Although Chinese and Western academic thoughts are extremely opposite in many places, they can be reconciled.Let me give another example as proof: Chinese health experts advocate meditation and do not allow any movement during meditation; Western hygienists advocate exercise, the more exercise the better, the two are exactly the opposite.But if we sit quietly for a while and then get up and exercise for a while, wouldn't Chinese and Western thought be "unified by contradictions"?The author believes that Chinese and Western learning can be integrated into one, and this inclusive approach is adopted.

Some people say: "Confucianism talks about benevolence, while the West talks about power. If we follow the way of Confucius and Laos, they will be unreasonable and attack me with soldiers. What will happen to me?" In fact, there is no need to worry about this.Confucius talked about "benevolence", but he didn't want to "abolish soldiers".He advocated "sufficient food and soldiers", and he once said: "If I fight, I will conquer."The "benevolence" of Confucius is the "kindness" of Laozi. Laozi has three treasures, and "kindness" ranks first.He said: "A husband's kindness wins by fighting, and strengthens by discipline." If there is kindness, we will abolish the army and let others come and kill our people. Isn't this the most unkind and unkind?The soldiers of the Westerners are used to attack and invade others, and they are dedicated to plundering others; the soldiers in the minds of Confucius and Laozi in our country are used for defense and to maintain benevolent government!
Confucius and Laozi talked about "benevolence", which is similar to Shi's family; without "abandoning soldiers", it is enough to resist power.War is a cruel thing. The so-called "unlucky weapon for soldiers", Kong Lao was able to integrate war and benevolence. This kind of academics and thoughts are really quintessential and great.Based on this, Chinese academic thought can be integrated with the West and India without shame!
Western academic thinking focuses on analysis; Chinese academic thinking focuses on understanding.Westerners do research by division of subjects no matter what they do.The ancient Chinese, when they opened their mouths, they understood everything in the world, all in all.Not only regards human beings as compatriots, but also regards all living animals as one.

As far as the above-mentioned "return to the original line" is concerned, Westerners who talk about "individualism" only see a little bit on the line-"I".All other points are ignored.They didn't see through all this thread, so various doctrines conflicted with each other, litigated and disagreed, just like their intricate languages.

The academic thoughts of Confucianism in my country are "self-cultivation", "regulation of the family", "government of the country", and "pacification of the world", with consistency.Lao Tzu also said: "Cultivate it in the body, and its virtue will be true; cultivate it in the family, and its virtue will be superfluous; cultivate it in the country, and its virtue will grow; cultivate it in the state, and its virtue will be abundant; cultivate it in the world, and its virtue will be universal. "Kong Lao saw all this line through, so he advocated the saying that "the world is one family and China is one person". The so-called "individual", "country" and "society" also don't think conflict. (According to the second language of "the world is one family" comes from "Li Yun"; it is a Confucian statement, or it is a Taoist statement, so it is confused with Confucius.) It is sparse and broad; the research methods of Westerners are quite delicate, but they cannot be connected with each other.If we can generalize and summarize the various sciences studied by Westerners (that is, natural science and social science) with the broad and profound thoughts and methods of China, then there will be no so-called conflicts between various doctrines and academics. up.In this way, Chinese and Western academic thoughts can be truly integrated into one.India talks about "the law of the world"; the West talks about the "law of the world".All the Confucians in the Song and Ming Dynasties practiced Lao Tzu Kungfu. They studied it for two to three thousand years and opened up a broad road.As long as we carry forward this kind of thinking, we can integrate Chinese, Western, and Indian academic thoughts into one, creating a "new realm of world-study thinking."

All kinds of conflicts in the world are caused by the conflicts of ideas; and the conflicts of ideas all originate from the conflicts of academics; The three philosophers (namely Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle) ​​do not care about conflicts.I think someone will come out in the future to combine the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, the three Greek philosophers, the Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties, and modern Western academic thought for comprehensive research, in order to thoroughly integrate and create a new academic Thought, its work is exactly the same as that of Cheng Mingdao in the Song Dynasty who merged Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism into "Confucianism".If this kind of work is completed, the academic thinking of the world will be consistent, and if the academic thinking is consistent, the behavior will be consistent, and "world harmony" and "one family under heaven" will truly hope to be realized.

As far as the "return to the original line" is concerned, Confucius walked backwards and had already reached point C;Therefore, when Buddhism was introduced to China, Cheng Mingdao could integrate it with the two religions of Confucius and Lao.

The Confucian and Lao clans turned their backs and moved forward, from "body" to "family", from "country" to "world", and Westerners' change from "individual" to "country" and "society" is also the same. On the same line, walking in the same direction.Therefore, it is absolutely possible for Chinese academic thought to merge with Western academic thought!

China, India, and the West are the three major cultural regions in the world.Indian culture first came into contact with my country, and through the efforts of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, it has long been integrated into one.Now that we are in contact with the academic thoughts of Westerners, scholars and thinkers of our era should sort out the "Confucianism" of Song Confucianism, get rid of its rigid dogmas, and adopt its tactful methods, so as to integrate them with Western academic thoughts. , to create a new world and new academic ideas, and seek the greatest happiness for mankind.

[-]. The Spiritual Characteristics of Chinese Scholars and Thinkers
Someone once said: "Although the theories of 'free competition' in the West have disadvantages, they are also quite beneficial in practice. Should we not adopt them at all?" The author believes that there is a good "traditional spirit" in my country's academic and ideological circles. As long as this spirit can be applied, this kind of Western academic thought can be our own, which will benefit us and not harm us, as explained below:

There are men in Lu who are alone, and women who are next door are also alone.The night rain room was broken, the woman raised it and entrusted it, and the man closed the door and refused to accept it.The woman said: "Why don't you learn from Liu Xiahui?" The man said: "Liu Xiahui can do it, but I can't; I will take what I can't, and I can learn from Liu Xiahui." Confucius heard it and said: "Those who are good at learning Liu Xiahui , Mo Rulu man."

This kind of spirit should be regarded as a characteristic of our country's academic and ideological circles.Confucius learned from Lao Tzu, and Lao Zi valued "femininity", which is in line with "Kun".We can say: "There is none better than Confucius who is good at learning from Lao Tzu." Mencius is willing to learn from Confucius all his life.Confucius said, "If I fight, I will overcome it," while Mencius said, "Those who are good at fighting will be punished."Confucius said, "Qi Huan is just but not treacherous."It is also said that "Duke Huan and the nine princes do not use military vehicles, but Guan Zhong's strength is as good as his benevolence."Mencius turned his back on it and said: "Zhongni's disciples have nothing to do with Dao Huanwen." He also said: "Guan Zhong, what Zeng Xizhi didn't do, but my son did what I wanted?" In other words, the apparent lineages contradict each other, but it does not prevent them from being the direct lineage of Confucianism.So we can say: "There is no one who is good at learning Confucius like Mencius."

Han Fei learned from Xunzi.Xunzi talked about etiquette, and Han Fei changed his name to Xunzi, so we can also say: "There is no one who is good at learning Xunzi like Han Fei." There are two books on Fei, "Jie Lao" and "Yu Lao". "Static" and "doing nothing", and all measures are completely different from Lao Tzu. We can even say: "There is no one who is good at learning Lao Tzu than Han Fei." There are too many others like this.

Jiufang Gao Xiangma is outside the male and female Lihuang.The sages of our country, who learned from the ancients, are all beyond the male and female lihuang.It is the biggest feature of our country's academic and ideological circles to take the spirit from the appearance.Calligraphers, painters, and literary writers are all like this.If we can use this inherent spirit to adopt Western academic thought, we can benefit from it and avoid being harmed by it.

Mencius said: "Rules and circles are the most important, and sages and human relations are the most important." Rules are the tools used by craftsmen to build houses, and human relations are the houses built by craftsmen.The ancients calculated the terrain, calculated the population, and built a house, which was suitable for the needs of the time. He did not say that it will be passed down forever, and all children and grandchildren will live in this house.It is also not said that this house is never allowed to be remodeled and repaired.When the master craftsman left, he gave us the tools for building the house and passed on the method of building the house to us.Later, the population increased, the houses were not enough to live in, and the houses were decayed due to the sun and rain. They were neither remodeled nor repaired.Is this reasoning plausible?

All the laws and regulations of the past dynasties in China were mostly formulated according to the academic thought of Confucius.This kind of rules and regulations did not prohibit our descendants from modifying them.Confucius advocated "respecting the emperor", but Mencius advocated that "the emperor treats the ministers like grass, and the ministers treat the emperor like a bandit"!He also advocated that "the people are the most important, the country is second, and the king is the least".He also advocated that "it is heard that a husband is punished, but he is not heard of killing the king."Confucius advocated that "to enter the public school, bow as you do".Mencius said, "Adults will despise it, don't look at it as majestic, the height of the hall is several feet, and the inscriptions are several feet, I have the ambition."Confucius' idea of ​​"dedicated monarch" was almost gone when it reached Mencius.

Confucius made "Spring and Autumn", respected Zhou Tianzi, and called him "Heavenly King".Mencius used the way of kings to talk about the kings of various countries. He said: "A place of hundreds of miles can be a king." At that time, Zhou Tianzi was still alive, and Mencius treated him as nothing. Wouldn't it be contrary to Confucius' proposition?
He is a person who is willing to learn Confucius all his life. He once said: "Since the birth of the people, there has been no sage in Confucius." It can be said that he worshiped Confucius to the extreme. He revised Confucius' ideas so thoroughly that Confucius It has been two to three thousand years now, and if our descendants continue to revise it with the method of Mencius, I am afraid that the idea of ​​Westerners, Klassy (note: that is, democratic politics), has already been seen in China.

In the past, Buddhism from India was introduced to our country, and our country adopted it as much as possible, modified it, and developed it.All the "Tiantai Sect", "Huayan Sect" and "Pure Land Sect" are Sinicized and not the same as in India, so they are very popular among ordinary people.Among them, the most prosperous one is the "Zen School", and this school is almost non-existent in India.Only the "consciousness-only" case has the strongest Indian color.Since the Tang Dynasty, this sect has almost been lost, and recently a husband came out to advocate it.From this, we can get a revelation: "Indian theories, when they are introduced to China, the more Sinicized, the more popular, and the more Indian-colored, the less feasible, or even extinct." Therefore, we will adopt Western academic ideas in the future, but we will still use India. The old method of academic thinking has made Spencer, Darwin, and Nietzsche all Chinese.This is like the "soaking and sunburning method" in Chinese medicine, which is to remove the toxic part and leave only the beneficial part.

Darwin's theory of evolution is not bad, the mistake is to harm others through competition.Spencer said that the development of individuality is also good, but the fault is that the development of individuality hinders society.It would be great if we could eliminate the harm and save the benefit.Therefore, we can use Lao Tzu's method as the first step, and use whatever is in line with the "natural trend", and not use what is not.The second step is to use the method of Confucius. Everything has been "judged by conscience" in advance, and returned to my heart to feel at ease, and then it is promoted.If it can be adopted and absorbed in this way, Chinese and Western academic thoughts can be integrated into one.Those who adopt Western methods today have many matters. If you follow the Tao of Lao Tzu, it will be contrary to the natural trend, and if you follow the Tao of Confucius, you will return to my heart.When it doesn't work, and there are thorns everywhere, Xiao Xiaoran calls it to others: "The academic conflict between China and the West is the fault of Lao Tzu! It is also the fault of Confucius!" God is wrong!
[-]. The status of sages in China, India and the West

Our country has a long history and numerous theories.Although Buddhism is an Indian academic, it has been introduced to China for a long time and has been localized in China.As far as my personal opinion is concerned, a grade can be set for them, called the "Grade Scale of Chinese, Indian and Western Sages".as follows:
1. Shishi 2. Zhuangzi 3. Laozi 4. Confucius
5. Gaozi 6. Mencius 7. Xunzi 8. Han Fei
9. Yang Zhu10. Mo Di11. Spencer12. Darwin

13. Nietzsche 14. Doer

This table takes "Lao Tzu" as the midpoint.Zhuangzi walked backwards, going to the Shi family as the closest, which is "the method of transcending the world".Below Confucius, moving forward is the "worldly law".Gaozi said that "nature is neither good nor bad", and his metaphor of turbulent water is actually better than that of Mencius and Xun; although there are many people who talk about "nature" in ancient times, only Gaozi's theory is true in every respect. Therefore, its status should be higher than that of Meng Xun.

Everything should be based on the principle of "both benefit to oneself", and to take a step back, it should also be "benefiting oneself without harming others" or "benefiting others without harming oneself".Yang Zhu "benefits himself" without harming others, so he is ranked ninth.Mo Zhai "benefits others but harms himself", so he is ranked tenth.This table is based on ten levels.Scholars in modern times like to talk about the theories of Spencer, Darwin, and Nietzsche. If these three people are included, the academic thoughts of Zesi and Darwin are all "harmful"; Spencer should be listed as No.11 , Dashi ranked No.12.Nietzsche advocated "transhumanism", saying that "it is the duty of the strong to destroy the weak".He also said "love of others, morality for slaves".Specializing in activities that "harm others and benefit oneself" are the lowest academically, and should be listed as No. 13; there are thirteen levels in total.Under Nietzsche, there can be no more. The Chinese Bandit Zhi and the Western Hitler and Mussolini should be on the same level as Nietzsche in terms of their thinking.

From the thirteenth level, we look upwards and become more profound, and the research becomes more and more interesting; from the first level, we look downward and become shallower and more applicable to practice.Wang Bi fused Confucius and Lao into one, while Jin people tended to talk about Lao and Zhuang, especially Zhuangzi.This is because Laozi's discussion of reasoning is more profound than that of Confucius; Zhuangzi's discussion of reasoning is more profound than Laozi's.Cheng Mingdao integrated the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism into one, and created the "Confucianism" school.However, most of the Confucians in the Song and Ming Dynasties flowed into the Shi family. This is because the Shi family talked about reasoning more profoundly than Confucius.In terms of implementation, India practiced Buddhism and became subjugated, China practiced the teachings of Confucius and Laos and became weak, and Westerners practiced the teachings of Spencer and Darwin and became strong.When we study academic theory, we should strive for its depth, and the depth will lead to the insight into the origin; I can deal with all kinds of things, and I will not make mistakes.As for the practical aspect, we should try our best to make it superficial, because the superficial is the foolish man and the foolish woman, who can know and do.

Westerners believe in Spencer's theory (capitalism of free competition, also known as industrialism) makes the country rich, but the opportunity for social revolution lies in it. Believe in Darwin's theory (imperialism of power competition) and make the country strong, And the opportunity of the world war also lies in it. Kaiser Wilhelm II believed in Nietzsche's theory, so Germany was the most powerful before the war, but its defeat did not follow. The result will be the same. Therefore, we know that although the theories of Spencer and others have great effects, their disadvantages are also great.

Although Mozi's learning is not complete, it is indeed a good medicine for saving time. His academic thought can be blamed on oneself but not on others. Only a few sages can practice it.In today's world, those who talk are all "harming others and benefiting themselves". If there are a few sages who do the opposite, with the determination of "harming themselves to benefit others" and "restraining oneself and returning to ritual", they will immediately be able to escape the fire and water of the people.Mozi's academic thoughts are indeed extreme, and only extremes can cure serious diseases.Nowadays, the words of Spencer, Darwin, and Nietzsche are all over the world; Mozi's academics are just the right medicine.

Mozi's "harming himself" is voluntary, and it is impossible to force him to suffer.Mozi is good at defending, even though he is good at attacking with Gongshu, he is not as good as him!If Mozi's way is practiced, it will never follow the same fate as India's subjugation.The incompleteness of our country's academic thinking is like Mozi's; however, it can also save the bias of Indian and Western academics when it is implemented.Therefore, if the world is to be peaceful, Western and Indian academic thinkers must join the Chinese ideological road.

Yang Zhu's theory is also the right medicine.The current malady is that a few people fight for power and profit, while the majority let others take away their rights, so that the weak prey on the strong and cause chaos in the world.Yang Zhu said: "Wisdom is the most valuable thing, keeping me is the most precious; power is cheap, and invading things is cheap." Guard your own rights, not allowing others to infringe on them, and I will not infringe on others.Everyone is not good for the world and does not harm the world, and the world is naturally peaceful.Mencius said: "The Yang family is for me, so there is no king." The monarch takes a little bit of power from everyone, and accumulates a little to become the greatest authority (according to "earning power", and businessmen "making money", the reason is Exactly the same), only the so-called monarch.If everyone guards their rights and does not let them go, then there is no such thing as a monarch.It's like if everyone strictly guards the property at home, the robbers and thieves will not be able to do their tricks.If Yang Zhu's theory can be practiced, then those bastards who use the name of "patriotism" to "plant the party for personal gain" will of course have no way to gain a foothold.Everyone stands on the ground, like cast iron, there is no invader, and no one is invaded, how can the world be peaceful?However, according to Yang Zhuzhi, the loss of the relationship between human beings and self is based on natural principles. There are still some unreasonable parts that need to be slightly revised.

Mencius said: "The words of Yang, Zhu, and Mo Di permeate the world, and the words of the world, if not to Yang, then to Mo." These words are worth studying.Because in the time of Mencius, the sufferings of the people were exactly the same as those in this world.That's why Yang Mo's academic thought came into being.The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were the most developed era of academic thinking in our country; Yang Mo's academics, in terms of self-study theory, were originally one-sided, and it is better to suffer from that kind of disease. This kind of method is indeed a good medicine.Therefore, ordinary scholars all got up to study, and Yang Mo's words filled the world.

Confucius's scholarship was said to be the most complete, but it was not very important at that time.So decades after his death, all his academic territory was taken away by Yang and Mo.Mencius said: "If the words of the world do not belong to Yang, they belong to Mo." It can be seen that the disciples of Confucius' three thousand disciples have all become disciples of Yang Mo.Probably Mencius' uncles and uncles and all the elders are disciples of Yang Mo.That's why Mencius came out and shouted "Down with Yang Mo and restore Confucius".

(End of this chapter)