Thick black school

Chapter 38 The Trend of Chinese Academics (7)
The summary of "Siku Quanshu" contains: "Mr. Gongshi's disciples record four volumes, written by Liu Chang of the Song Dynasty, and opened up the orthodox learning. Before Zhu Cheng, what he saw was just because he only embraced the Taoist scriptures. The people in Luo are trying their best to deal with each other, so the lecturers regard it as a different party, which is not worthy of their ears. In fact, they are divided between Feng Xining and Ning, who are outstanding and mellow Confucianism." Liu Chang invented Zhengxue, outstanding and mellow Confucianism, Zhu and Yiluo When people deal with each other, they are regarded as alien parties.This kind of shady scene has already been revealed by Ji Xiaolan.The Sima family promoted the hero, slandered Mencius, and because of dealing with Yiluo people, he was allowed to enter the Confucian Temple after his death. No one has exposed this kind of shady scene.

[-]. Disadvantages of Song Confucianism
The author usually has a kind of opinion that if a mortal wants to succeed, he must first have a large amount, and the second is virtue.As far as Chu and Han are concerned, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu are both incapable of virtue.Han Xin, Chen Ping, Qiong Bu, etc. were all from Xiang Yu's side, but because Xiang Yu was too small to accommodate these people, they all came to Liu Bang's side.Liu Bang was open-minded and magnanimous, and he accommodated these people together, and the Han Dynasty's prosperity and Chu's defeat were inevitable.Qin's "a subject" and repeated praises are nothing more than a measure.Here we can see the importance of measuring words.Confucians in the Song Dynasty are good at both talents and virtues, but what they lack most is measuring words. They are like this in the political circles, as well as in the academic circles. The gentleman excludes the gentleman, so there is a dispute between Luo and Shu. fight.

When Shao Kangjie was dying, Yichuan came to visit him. Kangjie raised his hands and said: "The path in front of you should be widened, but if it is narrow, you will have nowhere to go. How can you make people walk?" This narrow word is deeply rooted in Yichuan's disease. "Song and Yuan Xuean" contains: "Ercheng followed Taizhong, knew Hanzhou, stayed in a monk's temple, went to the left at the entrance of Ming Dao, and all followers followed. Mr. (referring to Yichuan) went to the left at the entrance, walked alone, and met in the Dharma hall Mr. said: 'This is a place that is not as good as my brother', Gai Mingdao and Yi, everyone is close, Mr. is strict and straightforward, and no one dares to get close." Also: "Mingdao still has empty words... Yi Chuanzhi is cautious, When you sit down, don't ask seniors and juniors, and you will be respectful." Let alone the humble and young, the elders will be respectful when they see him.There is no one who dares to walk with him even on foot. How such people can get along in society is no wonder that Luoshu is divided into parties.Dongpo jokingly asked him: "When will we break the sincerity and respect?" This sentence is unavoidably frivolous, but it is the disease of Yichuan.

"Song and Yuan Xuean" also said: "Da Cheng is magnanimous in virtue, wide in scale, and takes the light, wind and moon as his heart. Xiao Cheng's spirit permeates the rigid square, the arts and sciences are closely observed, and he takes the cliffs and isolated peaks as the body. Although the Tao is the same, the morality is different. .” From this, it can be seen that Ming Dao has a large volume, while Yichuan has a small volume.It's a pity that Shenzong died, Zhezong Fangli, Mingdao died. After his death, Yichuan and Dongpo, because of the language, became more and more troublesome, until the Luoshu branch was divided, and the grievances were incomprehensible.If Ming Dao survived, this kind of factional struggle would never happen.

Yichuan is self-righteous in everything, even Shao Kangjie's learning, he doesn't take it seriously.Kang Jieyu said to his son: "Zhang Xun criticizes violations, and they are both loyal. The children of the two families attacked and merged with each other, and they were demoted by those who retreated. Fan Tuo Yichuan said that I am a mathematician. Children and grandchildren should not argue." In this way, the future generations were forewarned, so the Cheng and Shao families did not have any disputes.

Zhu Zi's capacity is also very narrow, he is a direct descendant of Yi Chuan, he regards himself as a Daoist, anyone who believes in Yi Chuan and his theories will call him a good person, and anyone who does not believe in him is a bad person.Su Huang was originally a first-rate figure, but Zhu Zi slandered Ersu, not Gu Gu, because Ersu was Yichuan's enemy, so he had to scold him.The grandson of the valley, Huang Yun, whose name is Ma Geng, is a student of Zhu Zi, so I will not scold him.

Lin Li and Tang Zhongyou have done their best, and they are worthy of being gentlemen.When Zhu Zi and Li Lun disagreed, they became enemies.Zhu Zi's disciples want to burn chestnut books.Zhu Zi's friend Chen Liang, who was dating an official prostitute in Taizhou, asked Tang Zhongyou to get rid of him.This matter was originally a disagreement between Zhu and Zi, and members of the Zhu sect regarded Zhongyou as an enemy.Zhang Jun was defeated once in Fuping, losing 30 soldiers, then in Huaixi, losing 17 soldiers, and three times in Fuli, losing [-] soldiers. Sin is obvious to all.His son, Zhang Nanxuan, was a good friend of Zhu Zi's lectures, and Zhu Zi wrote Zhang Jun's biography, so he was highly respected.

The most strange thing is that Zhu Zi and Lu Donglai were the best friends. He and Zhu Zi wrote the fourteen volumes of "Jin Si Lu".Later, because of the dispute that Mao's poems were inconsistent, Zhu Zi ridiculed his works every word.Ruyun: "Donglai is erudite and knowledgeable, and there is nothing wrong with keeping the promise." You said: "Bo Gong's disadvantages are all in the skill." He said: "Bo Gong is smart, but he doesn't pay attention to literature and science. He has read a lot of history first, so he looks at his eyes." You said: "Bo Gong is very careful in history, but he doesn't pay much attention to classics." You said: "Bo Gong Respect should be all-inclusive, but it’s not good if you just pounce on it.” Regarding Donglai, he spared no effort, and the people of the Zhu School echoed it, so the people of Yuan Dynasty compiled history and included Donglai in the biography of Confucianism, not in the biography of Taoism. Most people call it "Zhu Zijin Silu", but almost no one knows that it was written by Lu Donglai.

Zhu Zi and Lu Xiangshan are both people who respect Confucianism, because they argue about Wuji and Taiji, they are almost abusive.Zhu Zi's mind was so narrow that he caused many disputes in the political and academic circles.The disciples inherited his saying that the dispute between Zhu and Lu lasted through the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has not been resolved until now.

Ji Xiaolan's "Summary of Siku" points out the above-mentioned things of Huang Yun, Lin Li, Tang Zhongyou, and Zhang Jun one by one.He commented on the dispute between Zhu and Lu, and said: "When he speculates on the contract, he will quote the Jin Silu of Yan Ding, so that he can predict the tradition of Taoism, and after the rebellion, he will ridicule every word, and his body will not be perfect. It’s not a big deal for others to criticize Zhu Zi. "Siku Abstract" is a book appointed by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty’s decree, the Four Books must follow Zhu Wang. In the 51st year of Kangxi, in the Confucian Temple To promote Zhu Zi from the verandah, to rank with the ten philosophers, and to respect Zhu Zi can be regarded as the extreme.Qianlong is the grandson of Kangxi, who wrote the "Summary of Siku", dare to say such words, it can be seen that right and wrong are indelible.Ji Wen said: "Liu Chang is a mellow Confucian, and Zhu and Yiluo are willing to deal with each other, so the lecturers regard them as aliens." It can be regarded as Cheng Zhu's criminal case appointed by the Qing Dynasty.

Song Yu Wenbao's "Blowing the Sword Wai Ji" (see "Zhi Bu Zhai Shu" No. 20 four episodes) said: "Han Fan Geng Ma Zhang Lv Zhugong, there is no name for Taoism, but there is truth in Taoism, and people have no gossip. Today Yichuan Mr. Hui'an Er said that he was the law of the world, and he acted as a teacher of the world. He did not fail to spread his teachings, and his learning was not perfect, but he was always blamed. Because people's hearts are different, and their views are different. Although a sage can't discipline the people of the world, he abandons his learning But learning... Mr. Er, Mr. Jin, regards himself as ordained, and regards himself as a strict teacher. He is right and wrong, right and wrong, and he does not give a damn. He contends with An Ding Jiao, Dong Po, and Long Chuan Xiangshan. He must win and then he will be the only one." , Yilu, etc., not only denounced it deeply, but also said to others: "The disadvantages of academics in the world are only two ends. Yongjia has made great achievements, and Jiangxi Yingwu. If you don't argue hard, how can this be understood." Gai refers to Longchuan. Xiangshan also.Cheng Duanmeng said: "It's like the people in the city are arguing, and it's so small that it's so noisy..." Yu's discussion is extremely fair.Cheng Zhu's knowledge is good, but the reason why he is attacked everywhere is that he regards himself as a strict teacher and strengthens everyone.He said: "If you don't argue hard, how can you understand this way."The more unclear this way is, the more people who advocate a kind of theory, they only announce the truth that I have seen, and it is up to others to believe it or not. As long as what I say is reasonable, others will naturally believe it, and I don’t need to argue .If what is said is inaccurate, no matter how much you argue, it will be useless. It is a pity that Cheng Zhu did not take this kind of method on that day.

Yi Chuan Hui'an, originally a great sage, why did this happen?To explain this truth, we have to adopt what Dai Dongyuan said.Dongyuan thought: "Song Confucianism's so-called principles are entirely their opinions." For our hearts, they are emptiness and spirituality. Bad things happen, in Judah's eyes, not only dust and sand, but also gold shavings cannot be tolerated.Yi Chuan had two sincerity and respect in his heart, and sincerity and respect became opinions, so when he looked around, he felt that Su Dongpo did not agree with each other.Hui'an had Cheng Yichuan in his heart, and when he looked around, he felt that Xiangshan, Longchuan, and Lu Donglai were all different.It's as if there are gold flakes in the eyes, and the sky and the earth are black.Foshi advocates destroying self-law law: not only should it be the case when talking about supramundane law, but it should also be the case when talking about worldly law.Then I learned that what Lao Tzu said is "absolutely holy wisdom", it is really a famous saying.Dongpo asked Yi Chuan, "When will we break with sincerity and respect?" Although it was a joke, it was also reasonable.Dongpo has studied Buddhism intensively, so his jokes and conversations contain wonderful truths.Cheng Mingdao broke the principle of sincerity and respect, and he observed that "there is a prostitute in his eyes, but there is no prostitute in his heart", this public case can be known.

With a sincere heart, Yi Chuan went to rope Su Dongpo and formed a Luoshu branch.Zhu Zi pretended to be orthodox, and the party was united against dissidents, and the Qingyuan party case was stirred up, all because of the abuse of being too persistent.This is the reason why Zhuangzi ridiculed Confucius Zhaozhao for walking according to the sun and the moon.Zhuangzi does not tell people not to do good, he just tells people to do things according to the natural way, not to say good but to be kind in it.For example, it is good to persuade people to build bridges and repair roads, and donate to the poor, but follow the natural way, and everything will be in its place. Naturally, there will be no broken bridges to repair, no bad roads to repair, and no poverty to give to others.Thinking back to those who want to be good people, carrying money, going out, looking for bridges to repair, looking for roads to make up for, looking for poverty to help alms, it is really troublesome.Zhuangzi said that "the spring is dry, the fish are on the land, they are in the abyss, and they are in the water, it is better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes." This is the reason.Yichuan and Su Dongpo competed to build bridges and repair roads, and they fought each other.Zhu Zi wanted to gain the reputation of a benevolent man, and he took over the repair of bridges and repaired roads with one hand, and did not allow others to get involved. Later, it became a party case, and false studies were strictly prohibited. That is to say, he was expelled by an explicit order.If they had the views of Chuang Tzu, why did this happen?
The Southern Crossing of the Song Dynasty was related to the branching of the Luoshu Party, and the subjugation of the Song Dynasty was related to the Qingyuan Party case.The lack of villains, Cheng Zhu Daxian, can't help but take the blame.I think patriots today are attacking each other, much like the sages of Luo and Shu, where gentlemen attack gentlemen.Various theories slander each other, much like Zhu Zi and Lu Zi slander each other.All the sages in today's political and academic circles have gone into Cheng Zhu's way together, what a shame!No way!Ask Cheng Zhu Zhuxian, where are the shortcomings?Said: The word "quantity" is missing.

Our comments on Confucianism in the Song Dynasty can be divided into two parts: they integrated the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into one, and became Neo-Confucianism, which opened a new era for academics.This is the work of dividing and combining, and this part is successful.The Luo-Shu split led to political disputes, and the Zhu-Lu split led to academic disputes. This was a work of combining and dividing, and this part failed.The era we are in now is exactly the same as that of Song Confucianism. Regardless of politics or academics, success is determined by the work of division and combination.If you do the work of combining and dividing, it will definitely cause disputes.Ask to do the work of dividing and combining, where to start?Said: Start with the word "quantity".

Fusion of Chinese and Western cultures.
[-]. Experience of Chinese and Western academic thought

Westerners generally start with the word "I" when it comes to societies and countries, that is, they start with their own personalities; they focus on the four words "beneficial to the body".Chinese scholars and thinkers, when they talk about the way to govern the country and the world, they teach people to start with integrity and sincerity, starting with the word "heart" and emphasizing the four words "with a clear conscience".

Western scholar Spencer advocated "free competition", and Darwin talked about "power competition", and Westerners believed in it, because such academic ideas are "beneficial to the body".Chinese sages have absolutely no such academic thoughts, because the disadvantages of advocating such academic thoughts will be at the expense of others and benefit themselves, and they are "ashamed".The author has searched the Four Books and Five Classics, hundreds of schools of thought, but can't find such ideas as Spencer and Darwin.Only Robber Zhi in Zhuangzi, his arguments are comparable.However, this kind of proposition is hated by the Chinese people!Mencius said: "When the cock crows, those who work diligently for profit are the disciples of Zhi." "Free competition" is exactly the so-called "sincerely for profit". These are the most differences between Chinese and Western academic thought.

Confucius, who has ruled the Chinese for thousands of years, said in his thought: "If you want to cultivate your body, you must first straighten your heart; if you want to straighten your heart, you must first be honest with your mind." Find out the word "meaning", start with "sincerity", and then develop outward.Judah repaired the house, removed the floating mud on the ground, and found the stone foundation before he started building.From this, "self-cultivation", "regulation of the family", and "government of the country and peace of the world".The society created in this way is based on "the world is one family, and China is one person".There is no conflict between people and me. This is the most refined part of Chinese academic thought, which is beyond the reach of the West.

Westerners' "free competition" thinking is based on "self-interest", so they start with the word "shen"; they don't look for stone foundations, but start building from floating ground, and the foundation is not solid.Therefore, a world war broke out in the world, and tens of millions of people died.After the Great War, the problem could not be resolved, and World War II followed.To create "capitalism" economically and plant the contradictions of "social revolution", how much blood will be shed in the future?How many people died?And Iyhudi!
We don’t need to take Confucian thought of “righteousness” and “sincerity” too profoundly, but just call it “conscience judge”!Whenever you do something, you should examine it at the very beginning of thinking: "Don't do to others what you don't want yourself to do to yourself." The essence of Confucian academic thought is nothing more than this.If we can do this, we can achieve a Datong society where "heaven is one family and China is one person".

According to the saying of "free competition", it is bound to "do to others what you don't want".Chinese people regard Robo Zhi as worthless, and Westerners regard the academic thought similar to Robo Zhi (according to this refers to the so-called selfish capitalism that purely pursues profits) as a matter of course. Human truth, Chinese and Western thinking, how can there be no conflict reason.The root cause of the conflict between Chinese and Western academic thought lies in the West, not in China.It is the Westerners who have taken the wrong way, but the Chinese people have not taken the wrong way.When the author talked about "the similarities and differences among the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism", there was a "return to the original line". From this line, the conflicts between Chinese and Western academic thoughts can be seen.The line is as follows:

Everyone can do good and evil.When kindness grows, nausea disappears, and when nausea grows, kindness disappears.Therefore, Confucianism advocates: From childhood, the part of conscience and ability of "love relatives" and "respect brother" should be cultivated in the family. Children get along day and night with father, mother, elder brother, and younger brother, so they call him "love relatives" and "respect elder brother". .Cultivate this kind of "heart" and expand it, "be kind to the people, be kind to the people and love things", and then a world of benevolence can be created.Therefore, it is said: "The filial brother is also the foundation of benevolence?" Therefore, the "family" organization in China can be regarded as a "benevolence training center".Westerners start from the word "wo" (individual) to the word "guo" (country), and there is a missing word "jia" (family) in the middle, that is, a "benevolence training center" is missing, a section from D to C is missing, and there is a lack of "Sincerity" means the lack of "conscience referee".Therefore, when Western academic ideas are brought into play, it becomes a cruel world.Therefore, the root cause of the conflict between Chinese and Western academic thought lies not in China, but in the West.The so-called conflict between Chinese and Western learning and thought, in terms of dynamics, is the conflict between Western learning and thinking itself, not the conflict between China and it.why?For example, in the first and second world wars, human beings were almost killed, which was caused by Western academic ideas such as "free competition", not Chinese "benevolence" ideas.Isn't it contradictory for Westerners to advocate "free competition" and other academics while hating the disaster of war?Therefore, in order to achieve permanent peace in the world, the fundamental way is to quickly carry forward and make the Chinese academic thought of "benevolence" great, and it is impossible!

[-]. The Chinese doctrine can save the Indo-Western from the disadvantages

Westerners see that the world is full of gold and silver, and they always do everything possible to snatch it from their hands. (Note: that is, "treasure hunting", "gold panning", "finding a market".) Therefore, a cruel reality is created.Indians think that this world is extremely filthy, and even their own origins are extremely filthy, so they do everything possible to try to give up this world and this body. (Note: that is, "becoming a monk" and "born in the world".) Laozi Li Dan, the ancestor of my country's academic thought (Laozi's academic thought is above Confucius and Mencius), is not the case. He said: "A house full of gold and jade, no one can keep it." Said: "If you hide too much, you will perish." Since he despises the gold, silver and jewels in the world, he certainly doesn't do anything to snatch them.He said: "The reason why I have a serious patient is because I have a body! And if I don't have a body, what trouble do I have?" Although he also wanted to give up his body like the Indians, but what he gave up was not the same. Not passively withdrawing from the world, but actively integrating his body with everyone. (Note: That is "to get rid of selfishness".) So he said: "A sage has no permanent heart, but takes the heart of the people as his heart." Therefore, he has no disobedience to others and no disputes with the world.He also said: "Lu Xing does not avoid fierce tigers, and the army does not avoid armored soldiers." It can be seen that the ideal world of Lao Tzu is not "cruel reality" or "dirty and disgusting", but a place "like enjoying a prison, like climbing a spring". Taiwan, everyone is bustling" lovely world.

In the words of the above-mentioned "return to the original line": Westerners move forward from Ding Dian to Ji Dian or G D Dian, going straight forward without looking back.Indians walk backwards from point D to point A, and never look back.In our country, Lao Tzu starts from point D and walks backwards, reaches point B, then turns around and walks forward until point G, which takes both sides into account.Lao Tzu's words of "returning to the root and returning to life" are in common with Indian academic thought.His words of "governing the country with righteousness and employing troops with strangeness" are also interlinked with Western academic thought.Although his "method of leaving the world" is not as profound as that of the Indians, and his "method of entering the world" is not as detailed as that of Westerners, but his academic thinking can integrate Western and Indian academic thoughts. And as one.

The author's so-called "Indians go straight to point A and never look back" refers to the "hinayana", which refers to the last stream.If Sakyamuni Buddha established his religion at the beginning, it was said that "if you don't save all sentient beings, you will not become a Buddha."The original did not give up the world.Sakyamuni originally taught people to reach point A, and then turned around to work in the human world.Nothing like point A is too high and far away, many people can't reach it in their lifetime, so they have no turning back in their lives, and the disadvantage is "giving up the world".Laozi sticks to his own point of view, and he arranges two paths, one is to go to point A if one wants to "be born into the world";Confucius aimed to save the world, and asked people to find the third point, that is, turn around and do "from Ding to Geng".The Buddhists must seek two more points, B and A, so as not to delay the work of saving the world. This is the fundamental purpose of the three sages of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism.

Although the three religions are on the same line, they are independent in the end. For example, since the Shi family is "born", the rituals, music, and punishments of the world are all in our body and mind, and there is no conflict between people.However, our people's pursuit of spiritual comfort is not like India's attempt to break away from this world.Therefore, the culture expressed by our country's academic thought is between the Indo-Western Ocean.If you want world peace and build a new culture for the future world, you must follow the road of our country!
(End of this chapter)