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Chapter 80 The Classics of State Doctrine that Guided the October Revolution

Chapter 79 The classic of state theory that guided the October Revolution: "The State and the Revolution"

"The State and the Revolution" is Lenin's systematic elaboration and development of the Marxist state theory, further development of the proletarian revolution and the

An important work on the theory of the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie.In discussing the development of the Marxist theory of the state, Lenin insisted throughout this book that
The scientific attitude of Marxism, the use of the most thorough materialist dialectics, in-depth investigation of the new developments in the world situation, timely summary
The new experience of the international communist movement and the Russian Revolution advanced many aspects of the Marxist-Engels doctrine of the state.

The play and new theoretical generalization have enriched and developed the Marxist state theory.

A Revolution Needs Book Guidance

Lenin was originally named Ulyanov Vladimir Ilyich, born in 1870 in Simbirsk in the middle reaches of Volga (now Ulysse
Janwski). In 1891, he entered Petrograd University, specializing in law and economics, and obtained a bachelor's degree in law.lenin

As a defense lawyer, he never appeared in court, because he thought that legal affairs did not interest him, and the revolutionary movement

That's what he yearns for.

During the First World War, the unprecedented tragedies and disasters caused by continuous imperialist wars made people's lives miserable
Unbearable, the situation of the international proletarian revolution is on the rise.At this time, national issues, both in theory and in political practice
are of particular importance in practice.However, the opportunists in the international communist movement at that time tried their best to distort the
Marxist state theory, advocating the "parliamentary road" and "peaceful growth" of socialism, and openly stood in the war
From the standpoint of social chauvinism, it helps the bourgeois government to carry out unjust wars of plunder.In this case, Lenin believed that
"The struggle to free the working masses from the bourgeois
influence, especially to get rid of the influence of the imperialist bourgeoisie. "During August and September 1917, for the needs of the revolution, Lenin
根据无产阶级斗争的新经验，撰写了《国家与革命》。1917年11月7日(俄历10月25日)，列
Ning successfully led the first socialist revolution in human history, so his name resounded all over the world together with the Bolsheviks.
Yu.

After the October Revolution, under the leadership of Lenin, the Soviet Union survived many crises.such as a civil war with the White Army, excluding
The imperialist countries intervene and overcome famine, make a rapid transition to a socialist economy, and make every effort to build a socialist country

. Lenin died in 1924.

Discussing the Doctrine of the State Concerning the International Revolution

"State and Revolution" is a classic work of Marxist state theory.The whole book has seven chapters, and the last chapter only has an outline.

Chapter 1 expounds the origin, characteristics and functions of the state, reveals the essence of the state, and puts forward the Marxist state theory;
Chapter 2 expounds the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat based on the European revolutionary experience from 1848 to 1851; Chapter 3 analyzes Marx

To Pakistan
Summing up the experience of the Li Commune, further discussing that the proletariat smashed the bourgeois state apparatus and used the commune-style new proletarian

the idea of ​​replacing it with the class; Chapter 4 further develops the proletarian
and the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat; Chapter 5 is based on the basic theory of Marx's "Gothana Critique", emphasizing the support
Adhere to the inevitability of the dictatorship of the proletariat, and clarify that the economic basis for the demise of the country is the high development of communism; Chapter 6, criticizing

Vulgarization of the Marxist State Theory by Plekhanov and Kautsky.

"State and Revolution" has seven chapters according to Lenin's original writing plan, but Chapter 7 is "The Experience of the Russian Revolution in 1905 and 1917".

"I didn't write it, because it was the eve of the October Revolution at this time, and Lenin had no time to write any more due to the heavy task of leading the revolution.now put
The main contents of this book are as follows:

First, what is a country?What is its essence?How does it work?These issues are inherently important, and have been
The theorists of the exploiting classes confuse it and the opportunists try to distort it.So Lenin based on Marxism

The State Theory, first clarifies the class nature of the state from the aspects of the generation, characteristics and functions of the state, and points out that the state is not
It is not the product of class reconciliation, but "the product and manifestation of irreconcilable class contradictions", "an organ of class rule, a

The organ by which one class oppresses another class". Engels once pointed out that the state is a special force for repression, the main force of the state apparatus

Some not only have armed people, but also have material appendages such as prisons and various coercive institutions. Lenin further explained that the state
The main part refers to the special armed forces with prisons, etc., "the standing army and the police are the main powerful tools of state power"

.This is the fundamental reason why the state of one class can oppress another class.Obviously, in order to overthrow the bourgeoisie, the proletariat

Without class rule, the only way to smash the bourgeois state apparatus is through violent revolution.Lenin pointed out that this conclusion is that Marx

The main and basic things in the doctrine of the socialist state.

Of course, Lenin did not make the path of violent revolution absolute.In "State and Revolution", Lenin explained that violent revolution is
When discussing the basis of all the theories of Marx and Engels, it also mentioned that Engels once believed that under certain historical conditions, the development of socialism

Peaceful development is "conceivable".Lenin also said that Engels was very cautious about the way of revolution

, never bound his hands and feet.In fact, the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat to seize state power is an extremely complex

It cannot be realized in every country according to the same pattern, and the proletariat can only follow the conditions at that time.
According to the conditions and the specific conditions of the country, proceed from reality to explore the methods and roads to realize socialism.

Second, further developed the Marxist theory on the dictatorship of the proletariat.The dictatorship of the proletariat is the socialist revolution

One of the main conditions for victory is also the most important idea of ​​the Marxist state theory.Lenin demonstrated the dictatorship of the proletariat
The historical inevitability, pointing out that after the proletariat seized power, after the transition from capitalism to socialism, the overthrow of the bourgeoisie

class and completely eliminate the bourgeoisie, there will inevitably be resistance from the exploiting class. In order to suppress this resistance, the proletariat,
In order to lead the broad masses of working people to engage in socialist economic and cultural construction and transition to socialism, it is necessary to establish our own strong
A powerful state, the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Here, it should be pointed out that due to the long-term attacks of the bourgeoisie and the perverse actions of some people within the proletarian party
They are all under the banner of "dictatorship of the proletariat", which makes some people mistakenly think that the dictatorship of the proletariat means "elimination of democracy".
Only bourgeois states are democratic.This view is quite wrong.What is democracy?democracy as a political system
Degree means who will rule and who will hold state power.The dictatorship of the proletariat means that the proletariat and the working people are in charge
The political system that calls the shots itself includes the content of proletarian democracy, and it guarantees that the working people truly participate in the management of the country.
, enjoying broad democratic rights, is the highest type of democracy in a class society.And there is no proletariat.He believes that the capitalist
There is an essential difference between righteous democracy and socialist democracy.Democracy in capitalist countries, even in the most democratic republics
Always limited by the narrow frame of the capitalist system of exploitation, it is essentially a democracy for the few to enjoy.He offered to explore
Seek the form of thoroughly developing socialist democracy, saying: "Develop democracy thoroughly, find out the form of this development, and use practice to test it."
To test these forms, etc., is one of the tasks of the struggle for social revolution. "This means that the proletariat can only

Only by continuously developing democracy can we move society forward faster.

In "State and Revolution", Lenin also particularly emphasized that a country under the dictatorship of the proletariat must have the correct leadership of the proletarian party

Otherwise, the proletariat will not be able to play the leading role in the people's revolution against the bourgeoisie, and it will not be able to lead the entire people to push forward
Overturn capitalism and build socialism.

Third, on the question of the demise of the state.After all, the country is a historical category, and it only corresponds to a certain historical stage of social development.
There is not only the process of its birth and development, but also the process of its demise.Lenin explained that in communist society the first
In the first stage, the proletariat still needs the state to protect the public ownership of the means of production, to protect the equality of labor and the distribution of products
.For the complete demise of the state, there must be total communism.At this time, the society has realized "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"

Principles, people have become accustomed to observe the basic rules of public life, labor productivity has been greatly increased, so they can voluntarily

work to the best of his ability; the antagonism between mental and physical labor has disappeared, and the most important source of inequality in modern society
One of the roots of the state disappears, and the state completely perishes.

The book said: "We can only talk about the inevitability of the country's demise. At the same time, it is emphasized that this process is long-term, and its length will depend on
Depends on the speed of development of the advanced stage of communism. "

In addition, the book also expounds the differences and connections between the two stages of communism, and points out that the lower stage of communism is socialism.
The stage of socialism has just emerged from capitalism, so it still bears traces of the old society in all aspects and needs to be vigorously developed.

Social productivity, the development of cultural and educational undertakings, can be gradually eliminated.

"The State and the Revolution" systematically expounds the Marxist state theory, its impact on the theory of scientific socialism and the revolution of the proletariat
Practice has huge meaning.Under today's dizzying changes in the situation, and only it can help us recognize the

The essence of the bourgeois country, grasp the direction of historical development.Of course, as Lenin taught us, learning theory cannot only be
reciting and simply repeating the "formula," "for formulas can at most point to general tasks which, as the course of history
The specific economic and political circumstances of each particular stage of the
, he is one of the most influential people in history.

(End of this chapter)