100 must-read books for college students

Chapter 79 The Founding Documents of the Psychoanalytic School

Chapter 78 The founding document of the psychoanalytic school: "Introduction to Psychoanalysis"

"Introduction to Psychoanalysis" is another representative work of Freud, an Austrian psychiatrist and founder of psychoanalysis.Flo

In this book, Ead puts forward two basic propositions of psychoanalysis: first, the mental process is mainly subconscious, and the conscious mind

The rational process is a separate part of the whole mind, rather than the traditional view "psychological is conscious"; second, the sexual drive, no
Whether it is broad or narrow, it is the cause of neurosis and psychosis.The sexual impulse has an effect on the highest culture of the human mind,

Artistic and social achievements make the greatest contribution.

Research Psychology Publishing Textbooks

Sigmund Freud was born on May 1856, 5 in Freiburg, Moravia (now Czech Republic, then Austro-Hungarian Empire)
part of the family), whose parents were both Jewish. In 1873, Freud entered the University of Vienna to study medicine without examination. 1876
From 1882 to [-], he followed the famous physiologist Ernst Brück in his biological research.

1882 was a turning point in Freud's life. Freud gave up theoretical research work and became a clinician.in the next 10
In the middle of the year, he practiced medicine in a psychiatric clinic and then went into private practice treating mental and neurological diseases, while devoting himself to the research of physiology.
research.

Freud's psychological thought was gradually developed.It was not until 1893 that he published his first treatise, Hysteria

Studies," his second book, "The Interpretation of Dreams," appeared in 1900 and is one of his most original and meaningful
. In 1902, Freud organized a psychological research group in Vienna, of which Alfred Adler was the most
An early member, a few years later, Jung of Zurich also joined the team, both Freud and Jung later became

A world-renowned psychologist. In 1909, Hall, the president of Clark University in Massachusetts and a psychologist, worked in the school for 20 years.
During the celebration, a solemn invitation was sent to Freud and Jung to give lectures in German for a week at Clark University.when
At that time, Freud had become a well-known scholar in the field of psychology in the world.

Freud died in London on September 1939, 9, at the age of 23.

Freud wrote a lot in his life, in philosophy, aesthetics, ethics, literature, art, religion and other fields, Freud

Ead has a huge influence, his main works are: "The Interpretation of Dreams", "Introduction to Psychoanalysis", "Civilization and its

Dissatisfaction", "New Essays on Psychoanalysis", etc.Freud put himself as a lecturer at the University of Vienna during the two winters of 1915-1917.

The three parts of the lectures on psychoanalysis were compiled and published publicly. This is his book "Introduction to Psychoanalysis". "Refined
An Introduction to Psychoanalysis is a rare textbook for learning about psychoanalysis.It is also to go back to the source to understand Freud's master
It is a must-read introductory book for the basic theoretical viewpoints of justice, and it is also a world philosophy masterpiece for the study of philosophy of life.

psychoanalytic psychology classics

"Introduction to Psychoanalysis" was published in 1915
Edition, expanded and republished in 1917.It summarizes the basic results of psychoanalysis during the First World War.the book

Divided into three parts.

The first part uses the theory of subconsciousness and inhibition to analyze the mistakes of daily life, including slips of the tongue, mistakes of the pen, mistakes of reading, mistakes of hearing, and forgetting.
Forgetting, misplacement, mistaking and loss, etc., explore the psychological roots of these phenomena, and discover the existence of subconsciousness from them, showing that
The function of "inhibition" points out that these faults are meaningful psychological phenomena, which are the result of the mutual restraint of two different tendencies

, negligence is nothing more than a mediation of two conflicting intentions.

The second part is the analysis of dreams.Freud believes that dreams are not a physical phenomenon, but a psychological phenomenon, and dreams are

meaning, but this meaning is subconscious, and dreams are disguised substitutes for this subconscious, through the method of free association,
It is possible to analyze and infer the original thoughts hidden behind.The function of dreams is to protect sleep, which is caused by two conflicting tendencies
And Qi: one is to sleep, and the other is to satisfy some kind of psychological stimulation. The characteristics of dreams are the experience of wish fulfillment and hallucinations.dream

The absurd and incomprehensible are due to the disguise of dreams, which in turn are due to the execution of immoral unconscious impulses of desire.
Therefore, the dream has a checking function, but after all, the dream has a symbolic function for its unconscious desire.of dreams
There are several ways: the effect of compression, the effect of displacement, the effect of transforming thought into vision.It is evident that the main quality of dreams consists in bringing thought

Want to transform into an illusion in order to achieve the satisfaction of desire.

The third part conducts psychoanalysis on mental illness.Here, the author comprehensively discusses the basic theory of psychoanalysis.Fu
According to Lloyd, the meaning of psychotic symptoms lies in their relationship to the patient's life, and these symptoms all have their origins in subconscious mental history.
In this way, psychoanalytic treatment consists in bringing into consciousness all the causes of disease that belong to the subconscious.But the patient's to the doctor's

There is often a kind of resistance in treatment, and this resistance is the attempt to resist the subconscious mind into consciousness, which is "repression".thus,
Freud proposed that the human consciousness system has three levels, subconscious, preconscious and conscious.Mental excitement of the subconscious system

Only through the examination of the "gatekeeper" can it enter the preconscious system, and it can become conscious after the attention of the conscious.those who don't
The psychic excitement that can enter the preconscious system is repressed, and this gatekeeper is the ego.Repressed Desires Are Sexual Desires
, so the neurotic symptoms are a substitute for sexual gratification.Sex has a broader meaning than usual in psychoanalysis, referring generally to

The pleasure of all organs of the body is also called libido.Psychosis is closely related to the development of the libido.The baby's breastfeeding is the whole

The starting point of sex life.Thereafter, the baby abandons the external object and uses the body part as an object, becoming masturbation, such as sucking

Thumbs and masturbation. Children aged 3 to 8 know to hide the sexual factors in their emotions; 6 to 8 years old, the development of sexuality appears
For a phenomenon of stagnation or degeneration, this period is the incubation period.The child's choice of parents as objects is called the Oedipus complex,

Girls are now obsessed with their fathers and boys are obsessed with their mothers.At puberty, the libido will get rid of parents and find new sexual objects.
The subject, when this escape fails, causes psychosis, and thus the Oedipus complex is the main cause of psychosis.thanks to ribby

unsatisfied, it regresses to an earlier stage of sexual organization, and neurotic symptoms arise, which are responses to the loss of

satisfying substitute.If the libido takes on a new purpose and object, that of society, this is sublimation
.The work of psychosis, therefore, consists first of libidinous libido and then of its former obsessions, thereby repeating the

Serve the ego and finally eliminate its symptoms.

The companion volume of "Introduction to Psychoanalysis" is "A New Edition of Psychoanalysis" published in Vienna in 1933.The book has some of its early theories
Modified and new developments.In addition to revising the theory of dreams and using psychoanalysis to study the phenomenon of psychopathy, the book also
Personality theory or personality psychology was proposed.This doctrine divides the mind into three domains: the id, the ego, and the superego.id also known as

The id is the most primitive unconscious structure, composed of genetic instincts and desires.Idy's desires are only possible through the ego
accomplish.The ego is a conscious structure that contacts the outside world and mediates conflicts between the outside world and the id.super ego is one
A structure formed by the instructions of parents and teachers, which operates unconsciously, is called "conscience", which produces
The unconscious need for atonement and self-punishment. Under normal circumstances, the three structures are in relative balance. Neuropathy is this

Disruption of balance.The book discusses the question of whether psychoanalysis leads to a worldview.Comparing the two books, the former

One is more important.Freud believes that the contribution of psychoanalysis to science lies in the extension of this research to the area of ​​​​the mind
.He clearly opposes and criticizes the world view of religion, and at the same time opposes the world view of anarchism.

Viewpoint is skeptical and critical, and points out that psychoanalysis cannot produce its own unique worldview, but it supports the scientific worldview
Boundary view.

Freud's "Introduction to Psychoanalysis" is a relatively systematic explanation and illustration of the psychoanalytic theory he created
, here he has begun to apply his theory to the analysis of some social problems, therefore, this book in the psychoanalytic theory
historically is very important.This book and his psychoanalytic theory had a huge impact on human history.first,
Freud's research on the subconscious opened up a new field of human cognition.It was not Freud who discovered the unconscious, but
It is to spend most of your life on the study of the subconscious mind, and use these research results to explain many aspects of human social life.

In many ways, forming a complete world view, Freud was the initiator.The theory of the subconscious mind is known as the "deep
"Psychology of Degree", which Freud himself considered as the third shock wave in the history of human cognition. We think that the critical absorption of potential

Valuable perspectives in the theory of consciousness can enrich and develop Marxist epistemology.Secondly, the psychoanalytic theory has a great impact on the 20th century

The cultural development of human beings in ancient times has great significance. Since the development of psychoanalysis, it has penetrated into human culture.
Almost every aspect of the world, including philosophy, anthropology, literature, aesthetics, art, etc.Finally, the psychoanalytic

Law has greatly enriched dialectical thought.Psychoanalysis, starting from medical practice, reveals the inner spiritual contradictions in the human mind
and certain laws of its development in the psychological structure and personality system, confirmed and enriched in the special field of psychoanalysis
Dialectics.

In short, as the foundational work of the school of analysis, it has long been famous and admired by people.

The book created the theory of personality structure, developed and promoted the theory of anxiety, defensive psychology, castration complex, depression, impulsivity, etc.
psychological theory.

The most famous theory advanced in the book is the role of repressed sexual desire in mental and neurological diseases.In fact,

While the theory is scientifically demonstrated in the book, this work is not the first to propose it.

Since many of the theories in the book are still being discussed, it is difficult to determine its place in history.Although Freud

book becomes heart
A pioneer in science, but his theories (unlike Darwin and Pasteur) were never universally accepted by the scientific community, and very

It is difficult to tell which of his ideas will ultimately be recognized as correct.

But some of the ideas in psychological theory in the book have changed our view of human nature.Some ideas and terms in the book, such as

Now it has become our idioms, such as: id, ego, superego, Oedipus complex and so on.

This alone is enough for psychoanalysis to influence history.In short, this book is extremely important in the history of modern psychology, very important.

Influential classic literature.

(End of this chapter)