Qing Dynasty Secret History

Chapter 122

It is said that the day when Japan set up a supervisor in North Korea was the year when China sent Shang Qiheng, Li Shengduo, Zai Ze, Dai Hongci, and Duan Fang to various countries to investigate politics.At this time, the trend of civilization spreads all over the world.The ministers of the Chinese government knew that autocracy and dictatorship could not be tolerated in this world, so they stopped the township examinations and provincial examinations, and at the same time examined overseas students.Zhang Zhidong supervised the Guangdong-Han Railway, and Tie Liang and Xu Shichang would handle military training.He also asked Zai Ze, Dai Hongci, Xu Shichang and Duan Fang to go to Eastern and Western countries to study all politics.

The four ministers did not leave, and they sent Shaoying as the political minister who went abroad to investigate.The five ministers had just left to go abroad, and they were greatly frightened at Zhengyangmen Station in Beijing.

On this day, the five ministers were well-dressed and welcomed by their relatives and friends. They were ready to go to the horse station. Suddenly there was a loud bang, and the smoke and gunpowder filled the station like a demon cloud and evil fog.Two of the five ministers fell to the ground earlier, Zai Ze and Shao Ying. Fortunately, they suffered minor injuries and recovered within two days. The assassin was killed on the spot.

After the investigation, it was found that the assassin was a member of the Revolutionary Party. His surname was Wu, his first name was Yue, and his style name was Meng Xia.He has no personal enmity with the five ministers, but for the sake of nationalism, he actively suppressed the people and conspired to assassinate him, even this time, three times.

He attempted to assassinate Tieliang and Natong twice, but failed.This time, Zhengda's body has already been sacrificed first, this is something to be said later.

At the moment, someone at the station could only hear someone yelling strangely: "Great, bomb! Bomb!"

I don't know how many frightened the three ministers outside Yuwai were!No way, I had to reschedule.Later, Xu Shichang and Shaoying were unwilling to go abroad, so the Qing government had to reassign Shang Qiheng and Li Shengduo.The five ministers went abroad to Europe, traveled around the world, and absorbed a lot of fresh air of civilization.After returning to China, he submitted a very earnest request to announce the constitutional document. His speech said: "I will wait for the ministers to read the decree, and I will send relatives and noble ministers to various countries in the east and west to study politics."

On August [-]th of this year, Lian issued a decree to send Zaize and others to various countries to investigate politics.The ministers and others each went to a country, and the ministers stationed in the embassy, ​​together with Bocai, carefully researched and verified the data in detail.This is it.Let Empress Dowager Weir and the emperor work hard to rule and become a hero.The subjects of Bohai have already celebrated the foundation of Hongye, and hope that there will be nothing but happiness; and the scholars of Haiguo also said that I will establish a constitution, and from now on, it will become stronger day by day, and they rushed to tell each other.The ministers and others heard and saw, and they all felt that the celebration was more than constant.

Those who steal the constitution are those who are safe inside, resist foreign aggression, consolidate the country's foundation, and protect the people.It originated in England and followed in France and the United States. In the past hundred years, it has been held successively in various monarchies around the world.Stealing the past, most of the weak and small countries, the constitution will always be the first.Sweden is located in the North Sea, forcing and strengthening Russia, just set up first.Portugal sees that it is under pressure from the west.Belgium and the Netherlands have relatively small land, and the next two countries are located in the middle.Japan is secluded in Dongying. At the beginning of the opening of the market, foreign aggression and internal strife, and the national ties are inextricably linked.However, Russia, which straddles Eurasia, is in a state of poverty and has a strong military force, so it can learn from the past and not change with the direction of the wind.Recently, in the Liao-Shen war, the water and the land were beset, and the insightful people in the country gathered together to ask for it, and now a constitution is also promulgated.

The strongest country is the one with the last constitution. It is less affected by external shocks, so it is less likely to affect the feelings of the country.But as powerful as Russia, he was still excited by the defeat in the East, and had no choice but to set up a constitution in order to restore the country's power.Looking at today, a country is neither strong nor weak, big or small;You can know the big plans of the world.Qifu's constitutional government is beneficial to the monarch and the people, but it is not convenient for common officials.Examining the constitutions of various countries, there is no right to the dignity of the monarch, it is not easy for the monarch to rule forever, and the sacred and inviolable rights of the monarch.And for all the codes of happiness and honor, you can enjoy the success alone; for difficult and difficult things, you don't have to shoulder the responsibility alone.For the benefit of the people, the rent and tax can be equalized, the court can be sued, the inferiority can be raised, the life and property can be protected, and the local government can participate in the remedy.These numbers are public rights and are governed by law.From the head of the minister to the township officials, there are certain responsibilities, whether it is a special tube, or a public recommendation.Listen to the supervision from the top and bottom, those who are greedy, tired, and often obsessed with their duties, get rid of them when they get it, and attack and retreat when they get it.It is a common practice for the eastern and western countries to change their cabinets and dissolve their parliaments.However, the collection of references has never reached the monarch. This constitution is said to benefit the monarch and the people, which is inconvenient for the common officials.However, the ministers of all countries and even the king and the people regard it as an obligation, and it is unheard of that anyone who obstructs the plan with his own selfishness.

Our country is adjacent to the strong Japan in the east, strong Russia in the north, and European and American countries, all around us, and we are in a precarious situation.When talking about diplomacy, the people's hearts cannot be used as backup; when talking about internal affairs, the officials are often not qualified to govern;

According to the past, looking at it five years later, Japan's vitality has been restored, Russia's constitutional government has been established, France's railway has been opened, Britain's Tibet has been matured, the American islands have been ruled, and Germany's sea power has been filled.However, the intersection is imminent!When the crisis is at stake, how can you wait for Yarrow Cai?The ministers and others weighed repeatedly, all kinds of worries!I humbly think that the general trend of the world is the same as that, the constitution is feasible, and the country is governed, which is not the case!But the great law and the great law must foreshadow the return.Then the trend is accurate, the first to open up the atmosphere, and the beginning of the suppression of discipline.There are three things that must be done first: one is to declare the purpose.Japan's first new policy, offering sacrifices to the heavens, is awe-inspiring both inside and outside.It is advisable to imitate the outline of the constitution of the imperial court as an article, copy it and publish it, so that the subjects of the whole country will govern affairs according to the law.The second is the system of local self-government.The territory under the jurisdiction of today's prefectures and counties is more than a thousand miles long and hundreds of miles small. It is extremely difficult for people from other provinces to take up the post of herdsmen, with a lot of common affairs, and more frequent adjustments.Counties and towns in various countries have jurisdiction over the territory, and the largest ones are only half of the small counties in terms of household registration.Dozens of township officials must be publicly elected by the county meeting, just like the system of Zhou officials and township officials.The common officials shoulder their responsibilities, Dong Qicheng of the council has a sense of solidarity, and there is no suffering of incompatibility, so everything is done and the people are safe.It is advisable to adopt the local self-government systems of various countries, choose the one that is most convenient, order a special book, write it as a decree, and issue it to the governors of each province every day, and implement it separately, with a deadline.The third is to set the law of assembly, speech, and publication.Assembling, speaking, and publishing are the three things that the people of various countries promise freedom, and the people also regard freedom as happiness.However, the assembly is inspected by the police, and the newspaper is inspected by the officials. There are actually various methods of defense.It is not if our country suspends the ban in vain, and it will be free outside the law.Instead of being unrestricted and beneficial to life, how can it be better than rules and regulations?It is advisable to adopt the current regulations of the monarchies of Britain, Germany and Japan, compile them into laws of assembly, laws of speech, and laws of publication, and promulgate them immediately, so as to determine the public will according to a trend.The above three are the essence of constitutionalism and the key to prosperity and strength.

The minister waited for the crime overseas, had more knowledge and experience, received a lot of kindness, was silent and uneasy, dared not to avoid the ax and punished him, and combined his words to plead sincerely.I hope that my empress dowager and the emperor will be arbitrary, and I will descend on Lunyin, and hope to change to a constitutional government in five years.On the one hand, I inspected the political ministers, and consulted with the famous constitutionalists of British, German, and Japanese monarchies. After careful consideration, I drafted a manuscript and submitted it to the imperial court. I also invited the sage ministers who are familiar with current affairs and loyal to the country to open the museum. Edit the constitution of the Qing Empire and promulgate it to the whole world; on the one hand, it will pre-implement and establish the foundation for the three-duan that the ministers and others have presented.From then on, the compass is fixed, and the divergent road is not lost.My sage Qing Guozu hangs down to infinity, and the name of the empress dowager is bestowed on all generations!Qun Li Yixing is loyal and loving, and outsiders covet him immediately.Zongshe is very lucky!
What a blessing!The minister is so overwhelmed by the wait that he trembles!Sincerely.

After the performance of the two palaces, he immediately summoned the Minister of Examination and Politics to inquire about everything.At this time, Li Shengduo had already been appointed as the new imperial envoy in Belgium.Only Zhen Guogong Zaize, Shangshu Dai Hongci, Chief Secretary Shang Qiheng, and Governor Duanfang were in Beijing.At present, Lord Ze summoned twice, Minister Duan three times, and ministers Dai and Shang each summoned once.The four ministers all lamented the harm of China's lack of a constitution and the benefits of a constitution.The two palaces couldn't help being moved, and turned down Lunyin, saying that as long as it is done properly, Shengong will have no prejudice at first.

When the news spread, the stubborn officials were taken aback, so they tried all kinds of ways to stop it.Some are set as suspicious words, and some are pretended to be similarities and differences.One said that constitutionalism would hinder the power of the monarchy, and the other said that constitutionalism was beneficial to Han and not satisfactory.However, the sages of the two palaces were not confused by the rumors. They ordered the Minister of State Examination to point out Chen in detail, hoping to make a choice.

Then Mr. Ze made another discount and put forward the big plan. His words were: "The last time the thief returned to Beijing, he had a discount. He begged to change to a constitutional government, so as to calm people's hearts and maintain the country's power. I summoned twice to inquire about the whole situation. , and told the imperial court to have no prejudices, sincerity to choose the good, great knowledge and use, the servants are very pleased! For ten days, I have been thinking about it day and night, thinking that the implementation of the constitution is beneficial to the country and the people, but most harmful to the officials. If it is not the public A minister who is loyal to the country, turns his selfishness, and breaks his prejudices, so he must say a lot to confuse the saints. After the constitution is established, the powers of the governors outside and the ministers inside will not be as important as in the past, and their benefits will be It’s not as good as it used to be. So I set it up as suspicious words, pretending to be similarities and differences, so as to obstruct it invisible. His heart is not to love the court, but to protect his own private rights and protect his own self-interest! Gu Qili said It must be said to prevent the loss of sovereignty, not knowing that the monarchy is constitutional, the main idea is to respect the state system and consolidate the monarchy, and there is no loss at all.

Based on the Japanese Constitution, it is proved by what Marquis Ito said, and what Dr. Hozumi said, that the monarchy governs great power. There are seventeen articles: one is to adjudicate the law, promulgate the law, and execute the law; the other is to convene the parliament, It is up to the monarch to open, close, suspend and dissolve the parliament; one is to replace the law with an emergency decree; one is to issue orders; one is to appoint and dismiss officials; one is to command the navy and army; The number of standing troops in the army is up to the monarch; one day the declaration of war, peace talks, and treaties are up to the monarch; one day the declaration of martial law is up to the monarch; one day the granting of titles, medals and other honors is up to the monarch; one day amnesty, commutation and restoration of rights are up to the monarch; Wartime and extraordinary national events are implemented by the monarch; one is the organization of the House of Lords by the monarch; one is the extension of the parliament by the monarch; one is the temporary convening of the parliament by the monarch; by the monarch.In other words, the monarch has the right to rule over the country's internal affairs, diplomacy, armaments, finances, rewards and punishments, life and death, and manipulation of parliaments.In terms of the completeness and strictness of its monarchy, without the slightest downward movement, there is no one who surpasses China.

In terms of today's current situation, the benefits of constitutionalism have three most important aspects: one is that the throne will be eternal.In a constitutional country, the monarch is sacred and inviolable, so the administration is irresponsible, and the ministers are responsible for it.That is to say, there are occasional administrative inappropriateness, or the opposition of the parliament, or the impeachment of the house, but the government ministers resign and do not establish a new government.Therefore, the phase can be changed overnight, and the throne will not change forever.One big benefit; one is that the foreign aggression is getting lighter.Today, outsiders insult me, although our country is weak, it is also because of our political system.Therefore, it is called autocracy, and it is called semi-civilized, and it does not treat each other as equal countries.Once the constitutional government is changed, those who despise me will turn to respect me, and will change their policy of aggression and become a peaceful diplomatic relationship.Great benefit two; one is that civil strife can be overcome.In the seaside and ocean circles, there are many parties, and some even advocate the theory of revolution.Considering the reason why it incites people's hearts, it is said that the political system is dedicated to oppression, officials are all thieves to the people, officials are all greedy, the people are fish and meat, and there is no way to live, so there are many people who follow it.Today's change to constitutional government is what the world calls the principle of fairness and the extreme track of civilization.Although he wanted the people to speak but had no words to write about, he wanted to advocate chaos but people refused to follow.If there is nothing to arrest and seize, it will naturally disappear and collapse.Italy three.The benefits of constitutionalism are so great, so if it is implemented in a timely manner, why should we doubt it?And those who may say that the level is insufficient, do not know that the constitution is announced today, but the purpose is clearly stated, and it is a preparation for the constitution.As for the implementation period, the time limit could have been extended.Japan proclaimed constitutional government in Meiji 14, and began to hold a parliament in 22. It is already effective and can be imitated.And China must wait until it is complete before promulgating a constitutional edict.Fear of stealing during the preparation period, those whose knowledge has not been completed, will wait for pottery to melt; those whose knowledge has been enlightened, Mr. Wang will look away, and it will become heresy and disorder the law.For the advancement of the people is noble, and the rate of increase cannot be the same at the same time.But first declare the constitutional text, the wind of the tree, the minds of the common people can be settled, and there is no hearing or other differences.Since there are people who look forward to being governed by Wei, the heart is to develop a personality to be governed.It is advisable to announce a constitutional edict today, and it is not allowed to the extent that it is not obstructed.

Or there are people who say that the Manchus and the Hans think that the constitutional government is implemented, and it is detrimental to the interests of the Manchus.

The slaves are so stupid that they think that the situation today is different from when the country entered the customs at the beginning. At that time, the official vacancies were separated from the Manchus and the Han, and the provinces set up garrisons. Because China has a different side, so the control also uses a small amount of power.

Today, Huanyu has impregnated Shengze for nearly 300 years. In the past, the Nianhui Rebellion in Guangdong, the achievements of the Conquest, the generals and soldiers are mostly Han Chinese, and there is no boundary at all.In recent years, the empress dowager and the emperor Dibu Lunyin have ordered the Manchu and Han to marry each other, cut customs, cut weaving, and use Han people as the vice capital.

All over the world, sing praises with one voice.In a place where holiness is as good as the earth and the sky, how can there be private records?Today's oppression by the great powers, combined with the strength of the whole of China, is not enough to resist it. How can there be a reason for the whole world to divide its own territory?As for the difference between the Manchu and the Han, and the amount of competing power, it is very humble to see, and one who does not know the general idea!A husband chooses the virtuous and appoints him, chooses the ability and employs him. This principle is the same in ancient and modern China and abroad.If the Manchu people are fruitful, why not choose them and have no way to get in?If it is unworthy, it should also be discarded.And the official has no progress, it can motivate talents, make them go up, and benefit more!This move is related to the ups and downs.Adhere to a corner of the view, for the contraction of the language, not for the country to build a long-lasting Zuo, but for the Manchu people to seek the private interests of a family, it is not right to judge the size of the seriousness!Those who are loyal to the country will never come here!Slaves also belong to the clan branch, and the matter of weal and woe is shared with the country.Even if you don't see anything, don't dare to speak recklessly on important matters!

Sincerely looking at the countries all over the world, it is exciting in my heart. If I don't exhaust my stupidity, I will really live up to the grace of God, and I can't treat the empress dowager and the emperor!Fuqi Shengming's arbitrariness depends on a few days ago, and will not be moved by public opinions or false rumors.The boundless rest of Shizong Society is the luck of the people in the world!It's a matter of great importance, can you be honest and beg the servant to play this without revealing it!The servant is very anxious and urgent!Sincerely.

The two palaces were played, and I was very moved.It just so happened that the Minister of Duan Fang Duan also gave a request.Minister Duan was no better than Lord Ze, he submitted three papers successively.The first point is to list the constitutions of various countries; the second point is to bitterly declare that a constitution must be established; the third point is to plead for a detailed official system.Among the ministers, such as Qu Hongji, please consider the old and new policies, and customize the promulgation.

Rong Qingzuo please keep the old system and add new ideas.Xu Shichang please adopt the local self-government system as a preparation for constitutionalism.The two palaces met with the ministers and the ministers of political examination, and their opinions gradually reached a consensus, so they decided to establish a constitution.A decree was sent to the meeting of court ministers, and Prince Jin Zaifeng, Minister of Military Affairs, Minister of Government Affairs, University Scholars, Governor of Zhili, Yuan Shikai, etc., jointly read and read the documents of the Minister of Examination and Political Affairs when he returned to Beijing. One day, the ministers held the first constitutional meeting.Because the papers between Lord Ze and ministers Dai and Duan were too long, they were circulated only after they were circulated, and it was late in the evening, so they broke up before the discussion could begin.The next day was the ninth day of July. After the Minister of Military Aircraft retired from duty, he went to the office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for a meeting with all the kings and ministers.Prince Qing Yikuang, who is the oldest in line, the highest in age, and the most respected in rank, was the first to speak at the moment: "Look at the records of Zegong and Dai and Duan. Once the constitution is established, all people in the whole country are governed by the law, there is no difference. They share the rights and fulfill their obligations. And it is said that the monarch of the constitutional country. Although the power is slightly limited, the majesty has not diminished. From this point of view, the matter of constitutionalism is indeed beneficial and harmless. Recently, the discussion of the new party in the country, the accusations of various newspapers at home and abroad, and the hopes of all students studying abroad are all about this matter. Since ancient times, our country has The great government of the imperial court is based on the trend of the people. Now the trend of the whole country is on this one, which shows that the most important thing to do at the moment is only this one. It is to sacrifice safety and risk, avoiding blessings to avoid disasters. According to my opinion, it seems that a constitution should be decided and announced as soon as possible. The bottom can follow the people's will, and the top can follow the holy will."

Before he finished speaking, he saw a cough among the ministers of the Han Dynasty, and an old man with white temples and eyebrows stood up.The man said to Yikuang: "The old prince has received a lot of kindness, how could he say such a thing? The old prince is no worse than those young and inexperienced people, it's very strange!"

Yikuang said: "This is a matter of meeting by decree. Since the old Zhongtang has a good opinion, you might as well say it, so that we can all learn from it!"

He was so popular that he couldn't answer for a moment.Everyone said: "Sun Zhongtang's government is important, don't get angry!"

If you want to know who this person is, let's listen to the next chapter.

(End of this chapter)