Car Maintenance Basics

Chapter 8 Item 2 Common Tools and Equipment for Automobile Maintenance ([-])
2 Whether learning is proactive
3 The situation of obeying the work arrangement

4 Use of tools and instruments
5. Tool finishing and site cleaning
[-]. Teacher Evaluation

Evaluation status of serial number evaluation items
Good to bad

1 Attendance
2 dressing situation

3 classroom order
4 Whether learning is proactive
5. Fill out the learning task book

6 Use of tools and instruments
7. Tool finishing and site cleaning
[-]. Use of Automobile Maintenance Equipment
learning purpose

Knowledge goal:

Learn about the types of auto repair equipment.

Master the basics of automotive maintenance equipment.

Master the use of automobile maintenance equipment.

Skill Goal:
Cars will be repaired using car repair equipment.

Proficiency in the use of automotive maintenance equipment.

Gain the skills to perform car repairs using car repair equipment.

task description
Under the guidance of relevant knowledge, understand the basic knowledge and technical requirements of common equipment for automobile maintenance.Under the guidance of the work order task, the vehicle maintenance equipment can be used for vehicle maintenance.By learning and mastering the operation skills of automobile maintenance equipment, record and archive the completed work, and consciously maintain safe operation and 5S work requirements.

related information
In the process of car maintenance, not only need to master the relevant theoretical knowledge of the car, but also must understand and master the purpose and use of different types and models of car repair equipment, in order to effectively complete the work of car repair, maintenance and debugging.There are many car maintenance equipment, which can be roughly divided into car lifting, lifting equipment, car disassembly and assembly equipment, car plastic repair equipment, car maintenance machining equipment, car painting equipment, car cleaning equipment, etc.Learning tasks will provide a brief introduction to automotive maintenance equipment.

[-]. Vehicle lifting and lifting equipment
1. Jack

千斤顶是利用机械传动或液压传动举升重物的装置，是一种最常用、最简单的举升设备。按照其工作原理可分为机械式[图3-22(a)]和液压式[图3-22(b)]。按照其举升重量⑴分为3t、5t、9t等，目前广泛使用的是3t、5t液压式千斤顶。

When using the hydraulic jack, first tighten the oil pressure switch, then align the top column of the jack with the position to be lifted, and then press the handle, and the working object will gradually rise.When the work object is to be dropped, the oil back switch of the jack can be slowly unscrewed to make the work object drop gradually.

The precautions for using the jack are as follows:

① Before jacking up the car, use a triangular wooden wedge to block the front and rear wheels of the car on the ground to prevent the car from sliding during the jacking up process.

② When using a jack to jack up a car on a soft ground, a large area of ​​pressure-bearing material (such as a thick wood board) should be padded under the jack base to prevent the jack from sinking or skewing.

③ After the car is jacked up, the car should be supported by a card stool to ensure the safety of the operators under the car.

2. Lift

A lift is a device that uses mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission to lift heavy objects, and is a commonly used lifting equipment.According to its working principle, it can be divided into mechanical type and hydraulic type (Figure 3-23), and according to its structure, it can be divided into single column type, double column type, four column type and scissor type.

3. Crane
吊车（图3-24)是利用液压传动提升重物的装置。主要用于汽车维修行业吊装发动机、变速器等作业。吊车按吊装重量（)可分为0.5t、l.0t、l.5t、2.0t、2.5t、3.0t等。

4. Hoist

The hoist (Figure 3-25) is a device that uses hydraulic transmission to lift and lower heavy objects, and is used for disassembly and assembly operations such as transmissions, final reducers, and small engines.Its receiving table can be adjusted by screws to tilt forward and backward or move left and right, and the pawl of the receiving table can slide back and forth, left and right, and can be adjusted to the best position according to the shape of the object for the most efficient operation.

5. Chain hoists
环链手拉葫芦(又名滑车、葫芦、倒链)是一种悬挂式手动提升重物的机械装置，是装卸笨重物体的常用起重设备(图3-26)。按提升重物的重量(t)可分为0.5t、lt、2t、3t、5t、10t、20t等。

The precautions for using chain hoists are as follows:
①Before use, be sure to choose a good point of focus, and hang the fixed hook of the gourd well.

②The hoisted parts should be tied up with steel cables and ropes, and tied up firmly.Where the steel cables, ropes and parts are in contact with each other, iron sheets, hard paper or cotton cloth must be used.

③ Under normal circumstances, there must be two people to operate, one of them pulls the chain, and the other directs and observes.When pulling the link chain, you can't act too hastily, and you must have a unified command.

④During lifting, if you feel that the pulling force is too large, you should not pull it forcefully, and check the reason to avoid damage to the machine parts.

⑤ When lifting heavy objects, no one is allowed to stand under the objects.

[-]. Automobile disassembly equipment

1. Press machine

The press is the necessary equipment for pressing or pressing out bushes, ball bearings, gears, pulleys and correcting parts bending during disassembly and assembly work.It can be divided into mechanical type (Figure 3-27) and hydraulic type (Figure 3-28) according to the working principle.

2. Tire changer

Tire changer (Fig. 3-29) is a common equipment for tire disassembly and assembly of automobiles, motorcycles and the like.In the process of tire disassembly and assembly, manual operation is eliminated, and labor intensity is greatly reduced.

Improve work efficiency.There are many types of tire changers, but the methods of use are basically the same.

① Release the air first, and separate the tire from the rim with a pneumatic shovel.

② Put it on the four-claw turntable and lock it, and lower the rim of the tire removal machine head.

③ Use a steel ruler to straighten the tire, start the turntable, and raise the tire removal machine head.

④Take out the tire for replacement, and then lower the tire changer head.

⑤ Use a steel ruler to straighten the body, turn on the turntable, add air, and relax the four claws.

3. Wheel nut changer

The tire nut dismantling machine (Fig. 3-30) is used for tire dismantling and dismantling of tire dismantling machine traffic vehicles such as automobiles, large-scale engineering vehicles, tractors.It is characterized by convenient operation, flexible movement, reliable disassembly and assembly, and high work efficiency (more than 10 times higher than ordinary manual operation).

4. Engine overturn bracket

The engine turning bracket (Fig. 3-31) is used to support the engine and is a common equipment for engine disassembly and maintenance.It is characterized by convenient operation and simple structure.

5. Inner and outer tire repair machine
The inner and outer tire repairing machine (Fig. 3-32) is a device for repairing the inner and outer tires of tires. It is widely used in the inner and outer tires of automobiles, tractors and various engineering wheels. The maximum breach is 250mm.It is characterized by automatic temperature adjustment, automatic cut-off of heating power, easy operation and convenient use.

6. Bench vise

The bench vise (Figure 3-33) is installed on the workbench and is a device for clamping the work object. It is generally made of pig iron or cast steel.Its specifications are divided into 75mm, 100mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm and other types according to the jaw length. It is often used to clamp workpieces in various operations such as chisel cutting, sawing, tapping, threading, scraping the inner surface and bending.

[-]. Automobile plastic repair equipment

1. Automobile shaping machine

Automobile shaping machine (Fig. 3-34) is used for shaping and repairing sheet metal of automobile body. It can perform operations such as butt welding, heating, cutting, and spot welding. It has the characteristics of multiple functions, advanced structure, and easy operation.

2. Spot welding machine

The spot welding machine (Fig. 3-35) is used for welding operations in sheet metal repair of automobile shape shaping, and can perform single spot welding, double spot welding, double-sided spot welding, nut welding, sheet metal correction and flattening of copper mesons in sunken parts Various operations such as welding.

3. Welding machine

Electric welding machine is commonly used welding equipment in automobile maintenance. It is used for welding low-carbon steel, low-carbon alloy steel, low-alloy high-strength steel, heat-resistant steel and stainless steel, and repair welding of cast iron and cast steel.Welding machines (Figure 3-36) can be divided into AC welding machines, DC welding machines, carbon dioxide gas shielded welding machines, etc. according to their working principles.

4. Plasma cutting machine
Plasma cutting machine (Figure 3-37) is used to cut any metal such as stainless steel, galvanized iron plate, aluminum, copper and cast iron.Plasma cutting machine is pneumatically operated, plus special arc equipment, which can be used to cut metal on painted surface, with fast and clean cutting speed.

5. Car body straightening machine

The car body straightening machine (Figure 3-38) is a car body straightening equipment, which is suitable for plastic repair of various cars, vans, light passenger cars and trucks.

6. Connecting rod corrector

Connecting rod corrector (Figure 3-39) is used to test and correct the bending, twisting and double bending of the connecting rod under variable load.It has the characteristics of strong intuition, simple structure, reliable operation, low cost, convenient maintenance and operation.

[-]. Automobile maintenance machinery processing equipment

1. Cylinder boring machine
汽缸镗床（图3-40)主要用于镗削汽车、摩托车和拖拉机的发动机汽缸，也可作通用型金属切削机床，加工孔类零件等。汽缸镗床分为丁系列和丁M系列，丁系列有丁806、丁808、丁8014、丁8016四个型号，丁M系列有丁M806、TM808、TM8011、TM8014四个型号。汽缸镗床具有操作方便、作业可靠、生产效率高、能源消耗低等特点。

2. Valve grinder
气门磨床(图3-41)用于汽车、拖拉机及各种内燃机修理气门时的磨削加工。气门磨床有国产的3M9390A型气门磨床、3M9360型磨气门机、3M9370A型磨气门机，法国SERDI-2型气门磨床、日本VR-700型气门研磨机，香港V1700型气门磨床等。

3. Brake drum boring machine

制动鼓镗床(图3-42)是用于镗制汽车、拖拉机等制动鼓和制动蹄片的设备。其产品有国产的丁8346型、丁8350型、丁8360型、丁8360A型制动鼓镗床，美国的Ammco4000型制动鼓/盘组合车床，日本BDL分割制动鼓车床。

4. Riveting shoe machine

The riveting shoe machine (Fig. 3-43) is a device for repairing brake shoes of automobiles and tractors and riveting brake shoes. It is characterized by simple structure and convenient operation, and can be punched and riveted by pneumatic or pedal.

5. Crankshaft grinder
曲轴磨床（图3-44)是用于汽车、拖拉机和柴油机曲轴的曲柄颈与主轴颈的作业设备，也可作一般外圆磨削。曲轴磨床有国产的5RE型数据曲轴连杆颈磨床、MKY7875型数控龙门双端面磨床、MQ82608型曲轴磨床，日本5RNCK型曲轴连杆颈磨床。

[-]. Automobile coating equipment

1. Paint spray booth

The paint spraying and baking room (Figure 3-45) is a spraying and baking equipment for various cars, passenger cars, medium-sized coaches and buses.There are many types of paint spray booths for automobiles. The domestic ones include Tieyou brand QPH-IV, SW series, JH series, Yuedu brand K8 series, Auto brand computer-controlled spray paint booths, Shengda series, HP series, SANHE type, FM -B911 type, HQ-CY series, XH-A type series, Tewei brand HQF series, Rehe brand RH series, Lantian brand LT-C series, QKF series, Shuangjia brand spray paint booth, Changhong brand PHJ-8 type Automobile painting and baking booth, etc.There are Italian Luhua brand K-40 professional paint booths abroad.

2. Paint gun

Paint spray gun (Figure 3-46) is the equipment used for spraying operations.Its products include domestically produced QIP-350 spray guns; German NR/B-95 environmental protection spray guns, NR/H environmental protection spray guns; Italy's Weicai GEO series low-pressure environmental protection spray guns; wait.

[-]. Car cleaning equipment

1. Cold water high pressure cleaner

Cold water high-pressure cleaners (Figure 3-47) are cleaning equipment used for automobiles, trains and various motor vehicles, and can also be used for garden irrigation, sanitation and epidemic prevention, etc.Its products include the domestic PX-6.3 type, the German cold water high-pressure cleaner series, the Italian ITM brand multi-purpose high-pressure cold water cleaner and so on.

2. Fully automatic car washing machine
The automatic car washing machine (Fig. 3-48) is a device for cleaning small and medium-sized cars, and has the functions of automatic profiling brushing, waxing and drying.Its products include domestic Tianjie brand TJ series automatic car washing machines, Italian C9B series tunnel or computer automatic car washing/waxing machines, BETA240 gantry computer car washing machines, Hong Kong AUTOEUIP series automatic car washing machines, etc.

3. Engine fuel injection device test cleaning machine
Engine fuel injection device test cleaning machine (Fig. 3-49) is a device that integrates the detection and cleaning of gasoline injectors.It is suitable for gasoline engine electronic injector cleaning and inspection, to ensure that each injector works normally.Its products include Haoqi brand fuel injector cleaning and testing machine, PJX-I gasoline injector testing and cleaning machine, French AITEK series fuel injector ultrasonic cleaning equipment, Italian EUROTEST engine fuel injector cleaning test machine, Hong Kong Dahua (PARTVA) series gasoline EFI system test equipment, American RAM/ASNO ultrasonic fuel injector cleaning machine and flow measurement system, etc.

4. Lubrication system cleaning machine

Lubrication system cleaning machine (Figure 3-50) is a high-pressure closed-circuit engine lubricating oil circuit cleaning equipment.It effectively and powerfully cleans the inside of the engine.Its products include ASSOCIATED 6048 engine cleaning tester without disassembly, BILSTEINR-2000 engine lubrication system cleaning machine, etc.

task implementation
According to the guidance of the work order, complete the operation of the common equipment used in automobile maintenance.In the process of task implementation, they will learn the operating procedures and maintenance methods of automobile maintenance equipment, and implement them in groups to complete the work within the specified time.

[-]. Tool preparation

Tip: Before implementing the homework, each group should prepare the materials and tools needed for this learning task according to the table below.

Data, number of names of tools Data, number of names of tools
A set of common tools for a car two-post lift

One jack, one training vehicle

One car engine fuel injector cleaning machine One tire changer

A set of cold water high-pressure cleaning machine with a car wheel and a tire

[-]. Technical standards and requirements
① All operations meet the requirements for safe operation.

②All operations conform to the operating procedures of automobile maintenance equipment.

③ Safety accidents are not allowed during the operation.

[-]. The work to be done

1. Use of the jack
For the operation steps, refer to the content in relevant knowledge.

2. For the operation steps of the two-post lift, refer to the equipment instruction manual.

3. Use of tire changer
For the operation steps, refer to the content in relevant knowledge.

4. For the operating steps of the injector cleaning machine, refer to the relevant instructions.

5. Refer to the relevant instructions for the operation steps of the high-pressure water cleaner.

[-]. Training report

How to use and operate steps of tire changer, press machine, bench vise, connecting rod corrector, lubricating oil washer and other equipment.

[-]. Self-evaluation

1. What are the main types of auto maintenance equipment?
2. Please write down your experience of this learning task.

3. Self-evaluation of the learning situation (including dress, learning attitude, knowledge and skill mastery, job page filling, etc.).

[-]. Group evaluation

Evaluation status of serial number evaluation items
Good to bad

1 team spirit
2 Whether learning is proactive
3 The situation of obeying the work arrangement

4 Use of tools and instruments
5. Tool finishing and site cleaning
[-]. Teacher Evaluation

Evaluation status of serial number evaluation items
Good to bad

1 Attendance
2 dressing situation

3 classroom order
4 Whether learning is proactive
5. Fill out the learning task book

6 Use of tools and instruments
7. Tool finishing and site cleaning
thinking and practice
1. What are the types and uses of wrenches?

2. What are the precautions for using a wrench?

3. What are the types and uses of pliers?

4. What are the precautions for using pliers?

5. What are the types and uses of screwdrivers?

6. What are the precautions for using a screwdriver?

7. What are the types and uses of hand hammers?

8. What are the precautions for using a hand hammer?

9. What are the types of auto maintenance equipment?

10. What are the precautions for using the jack?

11. What is the function of the lift?How to classify?

12. What are the precautions for using chain hoists?

13. Briefly describe how to use the tire changer.

14. What are the uses of the welding machine?

15. What are the uses of the connecting rod corrector?

16. What are the uses of the cylinder boring machine?

17. What are the uses of crankshaft grinder?

18. What are the uses of cold water high pressure cleaners?

19. What are the uses of the engine fuel injection device test cleaning machine?

(End of this chapter)