The FBI teaches you lie detection, people reading and intelligence skills

Chapter 14 Principles to be Followed in Polygraph Detection (2)
What if you're looking for a nanny for your kids, or you're thinking of hiring someone to help care for your home while you're away on vacation?Without a doubt, knowing that the candidate is completely reliable will make us feel safe entrusting our children and our house to him.When we actually meet with a candidate, if his demeanor changes as described above, we should know more about his background.If he has a relatively consistent negative reaction to certain sensitive issues, then you should rely on these signals to continue exploring until you have all his detailed information.From time to time during the conversation, we can go back and revisit sensitive events or issues that caused a general change in his behavior, and watch to see if he reacts negatively each time.Note that it is not necessary to look for those exact same reactions, you need to make sure that every time you turn to sensitive topics, his negative reactions will occur, and the negative reaction patterns will appear in combination.If you can be sure of this - then you should prolong the conversation with him, first divert the conversation from some key and sensitive topics, and then return to these sensitive topics casually, while closely observing his reaction.

§§§ Section [-] Principle [-]: Change Principle
The principle of change requires attention to look for changes that occur when the observed object deviates from the norm.Watch for new patterns of behavior in the subject, or patterns of behavior that were already present in the subject but have changed significantly or disappeared altogether.

Once we have some idea of ​​the normality of the observed subject, we can recognize his deceit from the changes in his behavior pattern.When a person cheats others, due to the pressure, his behavior pattern will change in three ways. We may find in him a behavior pattern that has never appeared before; have undergone significant changes in their behavioral patterns; they may even find that their existing behavioral patterns have completely disappeared.

We might as well imagine the following scenario: A politician is holding a press conference to accept questions from reporters about the road construction project in our city.The politician answered questions about how much the project would cost, how long it would take, the jobs it would bring to the people of the state, and so on.So far, he's been voluble and has had no issues expressing himself.Suddenly, a reporter asked him whether part of the money for the project was drawn from the Social Security surplus.We find that the politician who swore on the campaign trail never to allow this to happen responded in this way: "Well... now I... I know this is an issue of concern to many people who think that ...but I've always been for the fixed income voter, you know, the protection of the fixed income voter. This project will provide... This project is very urgent to start, and some of the project funds are lost and used...you Knowing that the situation is much better than it was a year ago." Obviously, the politician's speech and behavior have undergone a major change at this time.

A videotape was used in a professor's "Interview and Questioning" class. In the videotape, there is a young man who keeps his hands raised close to his mouth and sometimes even covers his mouth with his hands. He often does when he tells the truth.This physical position of his might be a deceptive signal to others, but the young man maintains it throughout the tape.Exceptions, when he was answering a few key questions, or when he was asked how he and his brother chose the grocery store to steal from, while he was answering the question, he held his nose and Eyes covered.At this point, the person's normal behavior is replaced by new behavioral traits.In fact, in response to another question later, the young man confessed to the investigators that they had actually been to the town before the incident and had preselected the store as their target for theft.

The behavioral patterns we are learning to identify don't just happen out of thin air, there's a reason for the effect.We can conclude that some form of stimulus must have brought about these responses in the subject.This kind of stimulation may be a problem of ours, or it may be a sudden new discovery of the subject, or a sudden emotion or idea in his mind when he is trying to communicate with you.The response of the observed object will occur within about 3 to 5 seconds after these important stimuli, because this time period is quite short, so all attention should be paid to the verbal communication behavior or non-verbal communication behavior of the observed object from beginning to end.

It is extremely important that your attention never be distracted in the slightest, or you risk missing something vital that causes a change in the behavioral pattern of the subject you are observing.

We can only get wrong results if we ask the wrong questions or give the wrong stimuli to our subjects, a mistake often made by less skilled observers.Let's imagine the following scenario: We ask our employees if they have submitted their contract bids before the deadline.At this point the employee covers his mouth with his hand, leans his upper body away from us and leans on something, shrugs his shoulders and replies, "Yes." Does his response mean he's lying?Most likely yes.However, this does not mean that he was falsely reporting overtime hours when he asked for overtime pay just 2 minutes ago.We must limit our analysis to specific stressful behaviors, and avoid arbitrarily making an overly generalized evaluation of the overall behavior of the observed object based on just one answer or a specific stressful behavior.What specific question directly led to the observed subject's response?What was the last stimulus before the subject responded?
Remember, we must limit our analysis to specific responses to specific problems.

Everyone wants their world to be orderly and manageable, but one thing is clear, we don't always have control over every aspect of the things around us.Through years of practice, we have actually formed certain deep-rooted behavioral habits.

For the most part, we develop a fairly consistent set of behavioral patterns that correspond to our particular state of mind, whether it's happy, sad, frustrated, or flustered and relaxed.By the same token, after spending many years interacting with those around us, we develop a delicately balanced system of expressing our emotions and our thoughts.Earlier we discussed the well-coordinated communicative quartet of self-expression.If every member of this quartet is playing the same piece of music with the same feeling, at the same pace, and at the correct volume, then we can perfectly achieve the day of communicating with others. The "channels" are also best coordinated.Deceit breaks the harmony of this quartet, and the results are bound to show.

When a person is cheating, he has to process many thoughts in the brain at the same time, and deal with many real emotional reactions at the same time.The reason why we can deduce from the change of a person's normal state that he may be deceiving is based on this consideration.The intertwining of these many layers of responses poses a huge challenge to a person's ability to focus.Research in psychology tells us that it is impossible for a person to process more than two thoughts in their mind at the same time.But what a perfect, pretty lie (if there is such a thing) requires some fusion of lie and truth.As we mentioned earlier, the bigger a lie is, the harder it will be for him to remember the individual components that make up the lie.When we deceive, we must be careful to ensure that our lies do not conflict with what has been said before, and be careful to leave enough room for further lying.Telling a lie perfectly is a challenge in itself, not to mention controlling our emotional responses so that they are in sync with what we say verbally.

It is very difficult to do all of this at the same time, and in fact it often fails, and the result of that failure is a deceptive symptom of the response.This difference in thinking and emotion can lead to significant changes in human behavior. When we try to accurately interpret the communicative behavior of others, all we have to do is observe and identify such changes, while the normal behavior of the observed object changes. Often indicates the presence of deception.

§§§ Section [-] Principle [-]: Impact Principle
For the observed person, we are also part of his external stimuli, and some of our behaviors may affect the behavior and reaction patterns of the observed person, which will eventually reduce the accuracy of our observation.

As an observer, we should pay attention to the recent performance of the observed object.The observed response always comes from the most recent stimulus.Our task is to determine why the observed person responds to this stimulus.Remember that we are also to some extent a source of stimuli, and therefore our actions will also have an effect on our observations.

It is very difficult to pay attention to the trivial details from beginning to end, because these details are greatly affected by the external environment, not to mention our own attitude and ourselves.So, we might as well provide a few ways to help you focus here.First of all, when communicating with the object of observation, whether he is your close friend or a stranger, you must pay attention, be vigilant, and never talk to him in a hurry.It is best to have a quiet place to talk, and there will be no disturbing things to disturb you.Even if the stakes are high, don't look very anxious, try to appear relaxed and comfortable.If you're looking for a babysitter for your kids, never meet him in your office because the phone could ring at any moment and your boss could show up and interrupt you.Likewise, if you're in a 15-minute rush to the dentist, or you have a bunch of relatives coming to your house, or your favorite TV show is on, it's time to ask help. It's never a good idea for your housekeeper to lose money.Arrange your conversation in a quiet place and try to make it as peaceful and relaxed as possible.In this way, you have plenty of time to better observe and analyze the objects you observe without interruption.Need to remember: During the communication process, the communication partner has been observing and analyzing your behavior, just as you are observing and analyzing his behavior.If we have established a relatively long-term and stable relationship with the subject of observation, then he must have already had a fairly in-depth understanding of my normal state.This person's response to me will be based on our past relationship and communication situation, and whether this past history is good or bad will also be reflected in his response to me.You first need to know whether the way he reacts is closely related to your behavior, and then you should pay attention to the topic you are discussing.Because in many cases, our actions and reactions are not so much directed toward the topic being discussed as toward the other person with whom we are communicating.

It is very likely that the behavior of the observed is based on seeing our behavior.We can be aggressive, we can be condescending, or we can be indifferent.Depending on how we behave, the observed responds differently. The FBI once gave a very good example of mutual influence:

Bill bought an expensive bottle of perfume for his wife Eddie.Before that, my wife had lingered for a long time at the perfume counter of a local department store.In order to surprise his wife, Bill quietly bought this bottle of perfume as a gift for her.This is a great opportunity for Bill to show his concern for his wife with this valuable gift.

One day, a few months after receiving the gift, Eddie suddenly discovered that there was only half of the perfume left.How can perfume wear off so quickly?Eddie was convinced that someone must have used her perfume secretly and wasted a lot.She soon discovered that one of her family cats smelled strongly of the same perfume she was wearing.She immediately launched a massive investigation to find out who had committed such a prank.Bill wasn't home at the time, so of course it wasn't Bill who did it.Eddie couldn't have poured the perfume on the cat himself, so there were only two suspects -- and that was their two daughters.

Eddie didn't spare either of the two daughters, and she questioned both of them carefully.But none of the kids admitted to having anything to do with it.Eddie was convinced that one of the two must have lied to her.Distraught with no progress in finding out the truth, she announced that they would both be severely punished for lying to their mother if no one confessed their mistake.She would rather the innocent one suffer than the guilty one escape.As soon as the words were finished, the younger daughter immediately admitted that she had played a prank.She was severely punished and locked up in a room without a TV for two weeks, among other things, she was deprived of her rights.A few days after the "interrogation" ended, Eddie suddenly realized that she might have drawn too flat a conclusion and wrongly punished the younger daughter by a casual remark from their older daughter.She immediately began to question the eldest daughter, who finally admitted that she had poured the perfume on the cat.When she asked her younger daughter why she took the initiative to take the blame on herself, the younger daughter replied: "It's better to be locked up than to be spanked!" The little sister stood by and stood by, but the eldest daughter replied: "Well, she foolishly admitted that she did it herself, and it's not my fault!"

In this example, the two girls reacted not directly to the crucial question—who spoiled the perfume, but to Eddie's threat—that if no one admits it, it doesn't matter whether they Innocent, both of them will be severely punished.Faced with this threat, the younger daughter made what she thought was a wise answer.

In this case, we can say that their behavior was influenced by the observer's way of finding the truth.

§§§ Section [-] Principle [-]: Cross Validation Principle
Before drawing conclusions, we review the observations and cross-check the collected data.

By now, we must be well aware of the mistakes and dangers that can lead to misjudgments about someone else's authenticity.This book has also laid out several very important rules and guidelines to help reduce the risk of making mistakes in judgment.Of course, it is ultimately up to you to decide whether you want to trust the object of observation.You must have sufficient confidence in your ability to recognize reliable signs of deceitful behavior.

(End of this chapter)