Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chapter 76: Nine Paintings (1)
For coral, see "Newly Revised Materia Medica".It is the calcareous skeleton secreted by polyps such as Corallium japonicum Kishinouye and other coral polyps of the genus Coralaceae.It is mainly produced in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Xisha Islands and other places.

[synonym] red coral.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, flat.GUIXIN, Liver Channel.

【Efficacy and Application】Treatment of Convulsions and Tranquility: Used for restlessness, heart palpitations, convulsions, and epilepsy.Improving eyesight and reversing nebula: used for eyesight nebula, grind into fine powder and apply to eyes.Cooling blood to stop bleeding: used for hematemesis and epistaxis caused by stagnant heat in the heart and lungs, ground into fine powder, boiled into a paste with lily, and taken.To treat epistaxis, it can also be ground into powder and blown into the nose.In addition, if it is compatible with sunburned mountain jelly, saponins, honeysuckle, forsythia, tribulus, paeonol, angelica, etc., it can also treat skin sores.

It is commonly used in modern times for epilepsy, cerebrovascular accident, sequelae of concussion, recovery period of purulent conjunctivitis, epistaxis, bronchiectasis, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration: Grind into powder, 0.3-0.6g.External application: Grind into fine powder and apply to eyes.

[Modern Research] Contains calcium carbonate, etc.

For tortoiseshell, see "Kaibao Zhongding Materia Medica".It is the carapace on the back of Eretmochelys imbricata (L), a hawksbill turtle of the family Turtleidae.It is mainly produced in Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan Island, Xisha Islands and other places.

[synonym] 碡素, bright tortoiseshell.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, salty, cold.GUIXIN, Liver Channel.

【Efficacy and Application】Pinggan Dingconvulsion: Used for febrile agitation, coma, delirium, and convulsions in children, often compatible with rhino horn, bezoar, musk, cinnabar, etc., such as Zhibaodan ("Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription"); It can be combined with cinnabar, realgar, white mustard seed, musk, benzoin, etc., such as tortoise shell pills ("Shengji Zonglu"), and can also be used with earthworm, stone cassia, and antelope horn.Heat-clearing and detoxifying: it can be used for acne and black spots, it can be decocted with rhino horn and comfrey; it can be used for boils and swollen toxins, it can be compatible with dandelion and honeysuckle.

Modern commonly used in meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, cerebrovascular accident, epilepsy, pruritus, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-6g, or as pills or powder.

【Modern Research】Contains keratin and collagen.

See "Kaibao Zhongding Materia Medica" for pearls.It is a pathological product in the pearl sac of shellfish such as Pteria margaritifera (L.) and Pteria martensii (Dunker).It is mainly produced in warm sea areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, and Taiwan, and freshwater cultured in rivers and lakes in Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and other provinces.

[synonym] real pearl, real pearl powder, clam pearl, pearl, pearl powder.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, salty, cold.GUIXIN, Liver Channel.

【Efficacy and Application】Suppressing Convulsions and Tranquility: Used for restlessness, convulsions, epilepsy and convulsions.For those caused by excessive phlegm-heat, it can be combined with cinnabar, amber, Tianzhuhuang, Danxing, etc., such as Jinbo Zhenxin Pills ("Shen's Zun Sheng Shu"); for palpitations and insomnia caused by heart and liver blood deficiency, it can be combined with Poria cocos , Suanzaoren, Schisandra, etc.Clearing the liver and improving eyesight: It is used for red eyes and cloudy eyes caused by liver deficiency and heat. It can be mixed with calamine, borneol, and cinnabar in equal parts, powdered and applied to the eyes.Detoxification and muscle growth: for sore throat and sores in the mouth, 9g of pearls and 3g of bezoar can be used to grind the fine powder and blow the affected area; for skin ulcers that do not heal after a long time, it can be used with borneol, elephant skin, frankincense, myrrh, etc. , such as Shengjisan ("Ulcer Medicine Encyclopedia").

Modern commonly used in meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, neurasthenia, tonsillitis, oral ulcers, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent wound infection, gastric and duodenal ulcers.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration: Grind into powder, 0.3-0.9g.External application: Appropriate amount, grind into powder and apply to eyes or blow throat.

【Cautions】Do not take it if you are not hot and pregnant.The efficacy of mother of pearl is similar to it but slightly weaker, so it can be used instead.

[Modern Research] Contains calcium carbonate, and various amino acids such as leucine, methionine, alanine, and glycine.Calcium carbonate has the effect of neutralizing stomach acid and treating stomach pain.It has an inhibitory effect on the isolated rabbit intestine; it has a transient diuretic effect on rabbits.

Zhu Fengjian "Grass and Tree Convenience Recipe".It is the root or branch of Verbenaceae shrub plant Callicarpabodinieri Lévl.Distributed in North China, East China, Central South and Southwest China.

[Synonyms] Pearl willow, Qi Dabai, bead tree, firecracker tree.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, pungent, flat.Return liver, kidney channel.

【Efficacy and Application】Removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding: for irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea, it can be used together with rose flower, motherwort, and clover leaf, soaked in wine and taken; for bruises, take fresh grass and mash it, mix it with wine and rub it on the affected area For hematemesis, hemoptysis, metrorrhagia, single use, or in combination with Agrimony and Oujie; for hematuria, it can be used together with Shiwei; for wound bleeding, it can be ground into powder for external application.Expelling wind and dehumidification: For rheumatic arthralgia, use smashed wine alone to mix and apply, or decoct with Duhuo, Clematis, etc. in water.Detoxification and detumescence: used for carbuncle sores, water and fire burns, herpes zoster, ground into powder, mixed with sesame oil for application, or simply decocted for oral administration and external washing.

In modern times, it is often used for irregular menstruation, bruises, herpes zoster, burns and various internal and external bleeding diseases.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 9-15g; or soak in wine.External application: appropriate amount, powdered for applying.

For mother-of-pearl, see "New Ginseng in Decoction Pieces".The nacre of the shells of the pearl oysters Pteria margaritifera (L.) and Pteria martensii (Dunker), or mussels, of the mussel family.Mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and other places.

[synonym] mother-of-pearl, mother-of-pearl.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, salty, cold.GUIXIN, Liver Channel.

【Application】Suppressing the liver and subduing yang: used for dizziness, headache, tinnitus, vertigo, vexation, insomnia caused by hyperactivity of liver yang. Paeoniae Alba etc.Suppressing convulsions and calming the nerves: used for palpitations, insomnia, restlessness, dreaminess, often used together with polygala, jujube seed, and roasted licorice; convulsions and mania caused by excessive phlegm and heat, can be used in combination with Coptis chinensis, Tianzhuhuang, Dannanxing, and stagnation Gold, Calamus, Polygala, Bombyx mori, etc.Clearing the liver and improving eyesight: used for liver heat, red eyes, swelling and pain, or liver deficiency and blurred vision.To treat liver heat, conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, it is often used in combination with chrysanthemum, horsetail grass, and green scorpion; to treat liver deficiency and dizziness, it is often used in combination with atractylodes atractylodes and pig liver.

Modern commonly used in hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, arrhythmia (frequent premature contraction), ulcer bleeding, neurasthenia, epilepsy, senile and refractory cataract, corneal pannus, keratitis, conjunctivitis, crystal opacity , Optic atrophy.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 9~30g (decoct first after smashing).

[Cautions for use] Use with caution in those with cold stomach.The effect of Shicai Ming is similar to it and can be used as a substitute.

[Modern research] mainly contains calcium carbonate (more than 90%), and also contains more than 20 kinds of amino acids such as magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate, keratin, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, and leucine, as well as copper and iron. , magnesium, manganese, strontium, titanium, zinc and other trace elements.Nacre injection has a certain antagonism effect on the annular turbidity of guinea pig binocular crystals caused by retroocular injection of galactose saline; it has a protective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, and can reduce liver cell damage. Aminotransferase recovery is accelerated.Oral powder can neutralize gastric acid and astringent, which is closely related to the calcium carbonate and other salts contained in this product.

See "Nanjing Folk Herbs" for pearls.It is the root or whole plant of Lysimachia clethroides Duby, a 1-year-old herb of Primulaceae.It is distributed in most parts of the country.

[Synonym] Pull root vegetable, dog's tail grass, yellow ginseng grass, Tongjin grass, Polygonum grass, red root grass, red silk hair, Pennisetum.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] pungent, bitter, cold.Return liver, kidney, lung meridian.

【Efficacy and application】clearing dampness and heat: for edema and fullness, dysuria, it can be decocted with corn silk; for stranguria syndrome, astringent and painful urination, it can be compatible with plantain and jaundice; for damp heat jaundice, often It can be used together with Yinchen and Bupleurum; for damp-heat dysentery, it can be compatible with Phellodendron Phellodendron or Amaranth; for humid tropical climate, it can be compatible with Toon Root White Bark.Promoting blood circulation and dispelling blood stasis: for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, and dysmenorrhea, it can be used together with Yueyuehong, Motherwort, and Verbena; for bruises, rheumatic arthralgia, it can be taken alone with soaked wine, or taken separately with Malan root 15g, decoct in half with wine and water.For bruises, you can also take equal parts of fresh grass and five-clawed dragon, pound and apply to the affected area.Detoxification and elimination of carbuncle: for heat and sore carbuncle, it can be decocted with honeysuckle, water and wine, and its residue is applied externally; for sore throat, 9g of fresh root and [-]g of fresh green root can be used, mixed with water and taken as juice, or taken with forsythia and peppermint are decocted together; for mastitis, decocted with scallions and wine in half; for snake bites, can be smashed and mixed with wine to apply to the wound.

In modern times, it is often used for nephritis, edema, urinary tract infection, viral jaundice hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, leukorrhea, irregular menstruation, bruises, rheumatoid arthritis, mastitis, tonsillitis, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 15-30g; or soaked in wine; or fresh products pounded into juice.External application: appropriate amount, decocted for washing; or smashed for applying fresh products.

For Acacia, see "Newly Revised Materia Medica".The seeds of Abrus precatorius L. are twined for legumes.Mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other places.

[Synonyms] Red Bean, Red Painted Bean, Acacia, Mandarin Duck Bean, Soil Licorice Bean, Beauty Bean.

[nature and flavor] pungent, bitter, flat.It is very poisonous.

【Efficacy and application】Detoxification and killing insects: used for scabies, carbuncles, eczema, smashed like mud and applied to the affected area, or ground into powder and mixed with oil.

It is commonly used for scabies and tinea in modern times.

【Usage and Dosage】External application: Appropriate amount, smashed; or powdered into oil and applied to the affected area.

【Caution】This product is poisonous, generally not suitable for oral administration to prevent poisoning.

[Modern Research] Contains abrin, abrin, etc.Intraperitoneal injection of abrin has a complete inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice; it has a strong inhibitory effect on the protein biosynthesis of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and Yoshida ascites liver carcinoma in vitro; it has a moderate effect on the DNA biosynthesis of cancer cells. degree of inhibition.Seed alcohol extract has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella typhi and some skin fungi in vitro.

Fructus aurantii see "Thunder God Cannonball Treatise".It is the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoli ata (L.) Raf. Citrus aurantium L. Xiangyuan C. wilsonii Tanaks or C aurantium L.var.amara Engl.Mainly produced in Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guizhou and other places.

[Synonym] Fructus Aurantii, Chuan Fructus, Su Fructus, Fried Fructus Aurantii.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, pungent, slightly warm.Return lung, spleen, large intestine channel.

【Efficacy and application】Promoting qi and widening the middle: used for stagnation of qi and hypochondrium fullness, distension and pain in the abdomen, chest tightness and cough, nausea and loss of appetite.If it is caused by liver depression, it can be compatible with Bupleurum, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Cyperi, Poria, etc.; if it is caused by stagnation of spleen-stomach qi, it can be combined with dried tangerine peel, woody fragrance, amomum, black medicine, etc.; if it is caused by stagnation of phlegm. If it is caused by stagnation, it is often combined with pinellia, tangerine peel, perilla, etc.; if it is caused by indigestion, it is often combined with divine comedy, malt, radish, etc.Shengyang lifting depression: for chronic diarrhea prolapse, uterine prolapse, single use in large doses, or use with Astragalus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Cimicifuga, etc.In addition, Citrus aurantii can dispel wind and relieve itching. It can be used alone or together with Nepeta and Fangfeng to treat rubella and itching; it can be decocted with licorice in the same amount to treat children's astringency; Medicine, in order to prevent it from nourishing and greasy abdominal distension, you can add a little Fructus aurantium.

In modern times, it is commonly used for acute and chronic hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, gastric dilatation, gastroptosis, indigestion, prolapse of the anus, hernia, uterine prolapse, hemorrhoids, bruises, rubella, tooth pain, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-9g (large dose 15-60g), or human pill or powder.

[Cautions for use] Take it with caution for those with weak spleen and stomach and pregnant women.

【Modern Research】Contains volatile oil and flavonoids.Fructus aurantii decoction and alcohol extract have the effects of raising blood pressure and reducing kidney volume in rabbits, cats and dogs.It has a significant inhibitory effect on the in vivo gastrointestinal motility of rabbit intestines and anesthetized dogs.It has an excitatory effect on the isolated or in vivo uterus of rabbits, whether pregnant or not.

Citrus aurantium see "Shen Nong's Materia Medica".It is the young fruit of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf., Citrus aurantiurn L. or Citrus wilsoniiTanaka, an evergreen small tree of Rutaceae.

[Synonym] Chuan Zhishi, Jiang Zhishi, Xiang Zhishi.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, sour, pungent, slightly warm.Return spleen, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and application】Break qi and eliminate stagnation: used for stagnation of food accumulation, abdominal distension and constipation, stagnant diarrhea, and weak transportation and transformation.Food stagnation, rot and fullness.It is often used together with hawthorn, malt, and Divine Comedy, such as Muxiang Daan Pills ("Syndrome and Treatment Guidelines"); for those with constipation due to heat, abdominal pain and fullness, it is often used together with rhubarb, Glauber's salt, and Magnolia officinalis, that is, Dachengqi Decoction ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases") "On the Spleen and Stomach"); for those with damp-heat stagnation and poor diarrhea, it is often combined with rhubarb, coptis, scutellaria, etc., such as Zhishi Daozhi Pills ("Spleen and Stomach Theory"); Ren, that is, Xiangsha Zhizhu Wan ("Secret Section of Health").Resolving phlegm and dispelling swelling: used for damp phlegm and cough, often used together with Pinellia, Tangerine Peel, Poria cocos, etc., such as Daotan Decoction ("Ji Sheng Fang"); for chest pain caused by turbid phlegm stagnation of chest yang, often combined with Xie Bai , Guizhi, Gualou, etc., such as Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction ("Synopsis of the Golden Chamber").Shengyang lifting depression: used for uterine prolapse, prolapse of the anus, and gastroptosis caused by qi deficiency and depression, used alone, or used with Astragalus and Atractylodes macrocephala.In addition, powdered and applied can cure children's head sores; vinegar stains can be heated and ironed externally to cure urticaria.

Modern commonly used in acute dyspepsia, acute and chronic hepatitis, bacillary dysentery, acute gastroenteritis, tuberculous pleurisy, pleural effusion, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, anaphylactic shock, constipation, gastroptosis , Uterine prolapse, prolapse of the anus, hernia, head sores in children, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-9g, or as pills or powder.External application: Appropriate amount, ground into powder for coating, or steamed and ironed.

[Cautions for use] Take it with caution for those with weak spleen and stomach and pregnant women.

【Modern Research】Contains volatile oil.The isolated frog heart perfusion experiment shows that it can enhance the contractility of the heart and increase the amplitude, and if the concentration increases, it will inhibit it.The decoction and alcohol extract can significantly increase blood pressure and reduce kidney volume in rabbits and dogs.It has a significant inhibitory effect on the in vivo gastrointestinal motility of rabbit intestines and anesthetized dogs.It has excitatory effect on the isolated or in vivo uterus of rabbits, whether pregnant or not.Citrus aurantium injection is used as an anti-shock drug, which can increase blood pressure, increase pulse pressure, increase urine output, and warm limbs in patients.

See "Newly Revised Materia Medica" for Hovenia trifoliate.It is the fruit or seed of Hovenia dulcisThunb., a deciduous tree of Rhamnaceae, with a fleshy fruit stalk.There are many distributions in North China, Central South, and Southwest provinces.

[Synonyms] Jijizi, Guaizao, Huanyangcao, Echinacea, Baishizao, Longevity Fruit, Longclaw, Bijiuzi, Jingougou, Hovenia jujube.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, sour, flat.GUIXIN, liver, spleen channel.

【Efficacy and application】 Sobering up and laxative: used for drunkenness and fever, vomiting, thirst, constipation, used alone, or taken with musk pills, that is, Zhiqizi Pills ("Shi Yi De Xiao Fang"); can also be used Compatibility kudzu flower and mung bean are decocted together.Dispelling wind and dredging collaterals: used for internal movement of liver wind, tetany and convulsions in children, decocted with water alone or decocted with Sipiwa and snakeberry in equal amounts.If soaked in wine, it can also cure rheumatism and numbness.

It is mostly used in modern times to relieve drunkenness and rheumatoid arthritis.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 9-15g, or soaked in wine, put into pills.

[Cautions for use] Contraindicated for those with spleen and stomach deficiency.

[Modern Research] Contains a lot of glucose, calcium malate, etc.It has antihypertensive, anticonvulsant and antilipid peroxidation effects.

(End of this chapter)