Han Fei

Chapter 41

忠孝
All the world regards the way of filial piety, loyalty and obedience as true, but if one does not know the way of filial piety, loyalty and obedience and judges it, the world will be in chaos.They all take the way of Yao and Shun as the right and follow the law, so there is a king-killing, and there is a song for the father.Yao, Shun, Tang, Wu, or those who rebelled against the righteousness of the monarch and ministers also disrupted the teachings of later generations.Yao was a ruler and his ministers, Shun was a minister and his ruler, Tang and Wu were ministers and killed their masters, punished their corpses, and the world praised him.The husband's so-called wise ruler is also one who can breed his ministers.The so-called virtuous ministers are those who can understand the law and rule the official positions so as to wear their monarchs.Today Yao thinks he is bright and cannot use Shun as an animal; Shun thinks he is virtuous and cannot wear Yao; Tang and Wu think that they are righteous and kill their rulers and elders.Therefore, up to now, those who are sons of men have taken their father's family, and those who are ministers have taken their king's country.The father yields to the son, and the ruler yields to his ministers. This is not the way of positioning one teaching.What the ministers have heard is: ministers serve the ruler, sons serve the father, and wives serve the husband. If the three obey, the world will rule, and if the three go against it, the world will be in chaos.Even though the owner is unworthy, he dare not invade.Today's husband is a virtuous man who is wise and impermanent, and he is against the way.But the world often thinks that it is governed, so the Tian family took the Lu family from Qi, and the Dai family took the Zi family from Song Dynasty.Abandoning the sages will lead to chaos, and abandoning the law and letting the wisdom lead to danger.Therefore, it is said: follow the law but not the virtuous.

The record says: When Shun saw Gusou, his appearance made him uncomfortable.Made, sad appearance also.Confucius said: When the time is right, it is dangerous.The world is precarious, and those who have the way, the father cannot get the son, and the king cannot get the minister.The minister said: Confucius did not know the way of filial piety, loyalty and obedience.But if there is a way, one cannot enter to be a minister and master, and one cannot retreat to be a father and son?The reason why a father wants to have a virtuous son is that if the family is poor, he will be rich, and if the father is suffering, he will be happy.The reason why the king wants to have good ministers is to rule the country when it is in chaos, and respect it when the lord is humble.Now if there is a virtuous son but not a father, the father's family will also suffer.If there are virtuous ministers but not the king, the position of the king will be in danger.However, if a father has a virtuous son, and a lord has a virtuous minister, if it is enough to harm the ears, how can it be beneficial!The so-called loyal ministers do not endanger their rulers, and filial sons are not inferior to their relatives. Today, Shun takes the king's country based on his virtuousness, while Tang and Wu use righteousness to kill his rulers.In the ancient strong land, if you enter, you will not be a subject, and if you retreat, you will not be your family.Moreover, if a husband enters, he will not be a subject to the emperor, and if he retreats, he will not be a family. This is the way of extinction in troubled times.That is why the sages Yao, Shun, Tang, and Wu were martyrs, and the art of chaos in the world is also there.Gusou let him go for Shun's sake, and Xiang killed him for Shun's younger brother. Letting his father kill his younger brother is not benevolence, and taking the world with his wife, emperor and two daughters is not righteousness?There is no benevolence and righteousness, which cannot be called clear.The poem goes: In the whole world, is there any king's land, and on the shore of the land, is there any king's minister.Belief is like the words of poetry. When Shun comes out, he will be his ruler;Therefore, the martyrs do not belong to the family, and the troubled times are extinct.But externally correcting the king, rotting bones and rotten flesh, applying it to the land, flowing in the rivers and valleys, not avoiding water and fire, so that the world will follow it, it is the world that perishes and wishes to die #1, this is also the case of releasing the world and not governing it.Those who are martyrs in the world, walk alone from the crowd, take differences from others, and rationalize vague words for the sake of calm learning.The minister thinks that calmness is useless teaching, and trance is helpless speech.Words come out of helplessness, teaching comes out of uselessness, and the world will observe it.The minister thinks that in life, the king must support his relatives, and he should not be calm.A person must be loyal to the spell with his speech, and the spell of loyalty and trust in his speech cannot be in a trance.Talking in a trance, learning indifferently, and confusing the world.What a filial son should do for his father is not to compete for his father's family.Loyal ministers are a matter of the king, not a country that competes for the king.As a son of man, a husband often praises other people's relatives, saying: the relatives of a certain son go to bed early and get up early, earn money by force to support their children, grandchildren, ministers and concubines.It is also to slander his relatives.Those who are ministers often praise the virtues of the former kings and wish for them, and those who slander their kings are also.Those who are not relatives know that it is not filial, and those who are not the ruler are worthy of the world, and this is why it is chaotic.Therefore, the ministers should not be called the sages of Yao and Shun, they should not be praised for the conquests of Tang and Wu, and they should not be called the martyrs. Those who try their best to abide by the law and concentrate on serving the master are loyal ministers.

In ancient times, Qian Mi, the head of Guizhou, was stupid and stupid, and he forgot his feelings and appearance.Therefore, it can be named in vain.Today's people are arrogant and wise, and if they want to use it for themselves and don't listen to it, the superior must persuade them to reward them before they can advance, and they are afraid of punishment before they dare not retreat.And the world is saying: Xu You let the world, rewards are not enough to persuade.Robber Zhi commits a crime and goes to a difficult place, and punishment #3 is not enough to ban him.The minister said: There is no world and there is no one who takes the world as his own. Xu You is also.There are those who have the world but do not take the world as their own, such as Yao and Shun.Destroying honesty and seeking wealth, committing crimes to seek profit, and those who forget themselves to the death are robbers.These two things are almost impossible, and the way to govern the country and use the people is not to measure them.Those who rule are also those who rule.Those who are Dao are also those who are normal.The good words of perilous things are the harm of cure.People who are too high in the world can't be rewarded or persuaded.Tianxia Taixia#4 people cannot be punished by punishment.However, if there are no rewards for the supreme officials, and no punishment for the inferior officials, then the way of governing the country and using the people will be lost.Therefore, most of the ministers of the world do not talk about the laws of the country and are obedient.Those who say obedience to the princes say: success will lead to hegemony.As far as the horizontal is concerned, it is said: the success of the horizontal will be the king.Shandong's discourse has never stopped in a single day, but those who fail to achieve fame and become overlords are not able to rule because of empty words.The king who walks alone is called the king, because the three kings are not in separation and reunion, they are straight #5, and the five tyrants are not waiting to follow the horizontal #6 to observe, and to govern the inside is to cut the outside.

人主
The reason why the owner is in danger to the country is that the minister is too #9 expensive, and the influence is too powerful.The so-called nobles are those who can't do it without permission, and those who use the power of the country to benefit themselves.The so-called prestige refers to those who are good at power but not important.These two must be observed.The reason why a husband horse can lead a car to a long way is because of its muscle strength.The master of ten thousand chariots and the monarch of a thousand chariots control the world and conquer the princes because of their power and influence.Those who are powerful are the strength of the master.Today, the ministers gain power and take advantage of the left and right. It is the failure of the ruler, the failure of the ruler#10, and there is no one who can have a country.The reason why tigers and leopards are able to win over humans and hold beasts is because of their claws and fangs. If tigers and leopards lose their claws and fangs, humans will definitely dominate them.Those who are in a serious position today are the minions of the ruler, and the ruler loses his minions, such as tigers and leopards.Song Jun lost his minions to Zihan, and Jian Gong lost his minions to Tianchang, but did not seize them, so he died and the country perished.Today's masters who have no skills all know the faults of Song and Jian, but they don't realize their mistakes, and they don't understand the nature of their affairs.Moreover, a man of magic and a minister on the way are incompatible.How to explain it?If there are sorcerers in charge, the ministers will not be able to restrain them, and the recent practitioners will not dare to sell them.This is not the case today, if the ministers in the right place gain power and do good things to surround themselves, and the left and right close friends are more distant than Zhou, then the magicians can use it at any time, and the master can judge at any time?Therefore, there is no need to use spells, but if the power is not balanced, how can a man of spells be safe?Therefore, it is only in line with the Tao that the monarch and the people cannot retreat from the minister's proposals, but carry the lawsuits of the left and right.So the magician An Neng is in danger of death and enters the talk?The reason why this world is not cured.The master of the Ming Dynasty promotes meritorious deeds and ranks, and is called capable and official. Those who promote must be virtuous, and those who use must be capable. If virtuous and capable people enter, private invitations will stop.Those who have meritorious service will receive a high salary, and those who are capable will be placed in high-ranking officials. Then the private swordsman will be safe from the enemy without any personal courage.This is why we gather talented people and disperse private families.Today's recent learners don't need to be wise, and the master may have knowledge of others and listen to them. Entering into the cause and discussing his words with recent practice, listening to recent practice without considering his wisdom, is to judge wisdom with fools.Those who are on the way don’t need to be virtuous, and the master of the people may have virtuous people and respect them. Entering into the cause, discussing his actions with those on the way, listening to his words and not using virtuous people, is to judge the virtuous and unworthy.Therefore, the wise make strategies for fools, and the sages will act on the unworthy, then the sages and wise men will be able to use them at the right time, and the #11 Lord's clarity will be blocked.In the past, Guan Longfeng said Jie and hurt his four branches, Prince Bi Gan remonstrated Zhou and cut his heart, and his son Xu was loyal and upright and his husband was poor, so he was punished by his subordinate Lou.These three sons are not unfaithful as ministers, but they are not inappropriate, but they are unavoidable patients who will die.Today, the masters of the people are not those who are willing to use magic and listen to the foolish ministers, so who among the wise and wise men would dare to take the danger of the third son and advance to the wise one?The reason why this world is chaotic.

饬令
If the order is ordered, the law will not be moved, and if the law is leveled, the officials will not be adulterated.The law has been established, do not sell the law with good words.If you serve meritoriously, the people will speak less; if you serve good, the people will speak more.The method of judging is tortuous, the king who judges by five miles, who can test five miles and then judges #12 to convict him, is the king who is like this.Those who are broken by nine miles are strong, and they are kings and strong.Those who live in the past cut it.Stay, home also.If it is entrusted with its law, it must be cut.Governance with punishment, rewards for war, and generous salary with skill.If there is a fault in the capital, there will be no fraudulent market.There are many things at the end # 13 Many, if farmers and traitors win, the country will be destroyed.If the people have surplus food, if they use millet to produce it, the nobles will use its strength, and the shock will not be idle.The three-inch tube should not be taken, nor should it be full.Although you don't have much to bear, you can't be satisfied if you don't do it.It is wrong to confer official titles without merit.The country confers officials and nobles with merit, which means that the country is invincible through resourcefulness and bravery.The country confers officials and ranks with merit, and those who govern see them will be spared, and words are blocked. This #14 is called governing with governance, words with words, and those who are honored with merit.When soldiers go out, they must be taken, and if they are taken, they must be able to have them.If the soldiers do not attack, they must be attacked.In the affairs of the imperial court, the small ones will not be destroyed, and the officials and ranks will be taken for their meritorious service. Although the court has made a statement, it must not be relevant. This is called governing by numbers.Those who attack with force will take ten out of one.Those who attack with words will lose ten to one hundred.A country with great strength is said to be difficult to attack.The country is good at saying that it is easy to attack.Its ability outweighs its harm.Lighten his duties, but if the way is bad, there is no energy left in his heart. Don't take the responsibility of being an official.Envoys are not concurrently officials, so they are skilled.It makes people different, so don't argue.This is called easy attack.Severe punishments and less rewards, love the people, and rewards when the people die.More rewards and lighter punishments, if the superiors don't love the people, the people don't #15reward.Whoever makes a profit, his country is invincible.Those who make two empty positions will use half of their soldiers.Those who benefit from ten empty places will not be kept by the people.Severe punishment and Mingmin system make people benefit.The execution of the lightest punishment will not come, and #16 the severe one will not come, this is called punishment to punishment.The crime is serious but the punishment is light, and the light punishment will make things happen. This is called punishment, and the country will be destroyed.

Mindfulness
The sage's rule of the people is based on the basics, not following his desires, but only for the benefit of the people.Therefore, punishment with it is not because of evil people, but because of love.Punishment prevails and the people are calm, rewards are numerous and treachery lives, so those who govern the people, punishment wins, and the leader of governance.Appreciation is the root of chaos.The nature of the people is that they like chaos and are not close to the law. Therefore, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty also governs the country, rewarding the people and persuading the people, and punishing them severely so that the people are close to the law.Persuading meritorious service means not committing crimes, and being pro-law means that there is nothing wrong with adultery.Therefore, those who govern the people forbid adultery in Weimeng.And those who use soldiers serve the hearts of the people.Those who forbid their roots first will rule, and those who fight with their hearts will win.The sage's rule of the people is also that the first to rule is strong, and the first to fight wins.The affairs of the husband and the country are first and the hearts of the people are the first, the government is dedicated to the public and the private is not followed, the rewards and accusations prevent adultery, the law is clear and the rule is not troublesome, the four can be used to be strong, and the four cannot be used to be weak.The reason why the husband country is strong is politics.The reason why the Lord is honorable is the right.Therefore, the wise ruler has the right to govern, and the chaotic ruler also has the right to govern. The accumulation is different, and that is why there are differences.Therefore, Mingjun exercised power and put more weight on the top, one government governed the country.Therefore, the law is the foundation of the king, and the punisher loves himself.

The nature of the husband and the people is that they hate labor and lose their joy, and if they lose it, there will be barrenness, and barrenness will not be ruled, and if it is not ruled, there will be chaos. If rewards and punishments are not available in the world, they will be blocked.Therefore, those who want to make great achievements but find it difficult to devote themselves to it, the great achievements are too few to do.If you want to rule its law but it is difficult to change its cause, civil disorder is rare and can be ruled.Therefore, governing the people is impermanent, and only governing is the law.If the law changes with the times, it will be governed, and if the governance is in line with the world, it will be meritorious.Therefore, if the people are simple and banned, they will be ruled by name, and the world will obey them by punishment.Time changes and those who are not easy to govern are chaotic, and those who can govern the masses but forbid those who remain unchanged will be cut.Therefore, the sage's governance of the people also #17, the law changes with time, and the prohibition and change.

Those who can use their strength more than the land will be rich, those who can use their strength to help the enemy will be strong, and those who are strong but not blocked will be kings.Therefore, the way of kingship lies in what you hear and what you block.The treacherous will be the king, so the king's art does not rely on the outside to not be chaotic, but to rely on it not to be chaotic.Those who rely on external chaos to govern the establishment will be reduced, and those who rely on the absence of chaos to enforce the law will prosper.Therefore, the governing of the country by a virtuous monarch is also suitable for the art of keeping chaos.Nobility is the most important thing, so rewarding merit and nobility has nothing to do with evil.Those who are good at strength are noble, noble and noble, and superior, and superior, they must be kings.If the state does not do anything but relies on private scholars, its rank is low, and the rank is low, and the superior will be inferior, and the inferior will be cut down.Therefore, the way to establish a country and use the people is also to be able to close the outside world and rely on selfishness, and the king can be the best.

制分
Husband Fan Guo Bojun is not one who is illegal and can even be banned in the world.Based on the system of honors and salaries divided between the monarch and the people, the law must be strict and serious.If the country is governed, the people will be safe, and if there is chaos, the country will be in danger.Those who are serious about the law get favors, and those who are forbidden lightly lose the truth.And the husband who dies hard is also the owner of the people, and his love can't be out of his dead power to get what he wants.And those who like and dislike are controlled by the superiors. The people like profit and wealth but hate punishments.However, those who lose in light things are forbidden, and they will be punished and rewarded.Its governance of the people does not follow the law, and it is the same for doing good, but it is impossible.Therefore, in order to control chaos, it is advisable to divide punishments and rewards as a matter of urgency.Those who rule the country have laws, but there is existence and death.For the dead, there is no distinction between punishment and reward.Those who rule the country, their punishments and rewards are all divided, and those who are held are divided by differences, which cannot be called division.As for the division of inspectors, the division is independent, because the people respect the law and fear the ban, and they are willing to pay no crimes but dare not reward them.Therefore, it is said: Do not wait for punishment and reward, but the people will do it.It is a country governed by an old husband, and he is good at stopping adultery.What is Ho Ye #19?Its law is related to human feelings and related to governance.But what is the way to get rid of minor treachery?Those who follow their orders and regulate their feelings are also.So what's the point of seeing each other?Said: Gary is just sitting with each other.There is a crime in the same place, and the sinful heart sits together.Those who are still connected with themselves are forbidden, and they are not allowed to peep at each other, for fear that they will not be rabbits.Those with treacherous intentions should not be forgotten, and there are many peepers.In this way, you will be cautious about yourself and spy on others.The secret of committing adultery will be rewarded for the crime of rabbits, and those who fail to commit adultery will be punished and punished.If this is the case, the traitors will be born.Spies are not tolerated, and private accusations are dictated by letting them sit.Ren, Bao Ye.Those who protect each other in the same place sit on it, so it is called Renzuo.

The most enlightened husband governs the law, and he does not appoint anyone.Therefore, in a country with skills, if you don't use reputation, you will not be suitable. The territory must be governed, and there are no numbers.The subjugated country makes the soldiers go to the land, and those who can't be banned, there are countless people at their will.Self-attackers are human, and those who attack others are also numerous.Therefore, in a country with skills, let the words follow the law.It is difficult for those who follow the promise of abnormal merit to know #20, and it is difficult for those who have passed the punishment to see it. It is confusing to reward with punishment.The so-called those who follow the contract and are difficult to know are treacherous meritorious deeds.Those who are too difficult to see, lose their roots.If one follows the principles but does not see meritorious deeds, and if one tries to save one's emotions from treacherous roots, then the two are safe and secure?It is because the empty person establishes his name inside, and the talker is outside, so the foolishness, courage, and wisdom are connected, and the empty way belongs to the vulgar and tolerates the world, so the law is not used, and the punishment is not added to killing people.If so, then punishment and reward should not be allowed?Therefore, the truth #21 is there, but the reason is not enough.The loss of quantity is caused by illegality, and Ren Hui is also legally prescribed.Interpreting the Dharma and being a wise person, will the recipient be able to do their job in peace?If the affairs are not in harmony with the matter, then the law will be safe without loss, and the punishment will be safe without trouble?Therefore, rewards and punishments are disturbed, the national road is wrong, and there is no distinction between punishment and reward.

Notes:

#1 The Tibetan version of "Yao" was mistaken for "Tian", which was changed according to Chen Qiyou's version.

#2 The Tibetan version of "Li" was mistaken for "Although", it was changed according to Chen Qiyou.

#3 The word "punishment" is hidden in the original version, and it is supplemented according to Ling Yingchu's original version.

#4 "Ping" is regarded as "up", revised according to Zhang Ding's text and Gu Guangqi.

#5 "Ping" is regarded as "Xia", revised according to Zhang Ding's text and Gu Guangqi.

#6 "Daxia" is obviously an error of "Taixia", so it should be corrected according to the text.

#7 "So far as it is right and wrong", according to Zhao Yongxian's version, Ling Hao's first version, and the round-the-clock commentary version.

#8 There are "and" characters in all the books, according to supplement.

#9 "Too" was mistaken for "big", according to Chen Qiyou's original revision.

#10 The four characters of "The Master's Loss of Power" are removed and supplemented according to Chen Qiyou's explanation.

#11 "And" was mistaken for "Yi", according to Zhao Yongxian's original revision.

#12 The word "broken" is derived, deleted according to Chen Qiyou's version.

#13 The "last" was mistaken for "the one", which was changed according to Ling Ying's original and round-the-clock commentary.

#14 "North" is obviously an error of "this", it should be corrected.

#15 The character "不" is removed, according to Ling Ying's first edition and the rounded commentary edition.

#16 The word "to" is derived, deleted according to Ling Ying's first edition and Yuanping's edition.

#17 The word "and" is misleading and should be deleted.

#18 "Ye" was mistaken for "Zhi", which was changed according to Ling Yingchu's original version.

#19 The word "Ye" is removed, according to Ling Ying's first edition and the rounded commentary edition.

#20 "Difficult" was mistaken for "Although", which was changed according to Ling Ying's original and tortuous commentary.

#21 "Truth" was misunderstood, revised according to Ling Ying's original and tortuous commentary.

(End of this chapter)