The learning methods and training details of Harvard's top students

Chapter 20 Carrying out interest to the end is a compulsory course for excellent students (2)
Ding Zhaozhong, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976, took 6 years to complete courses that took others 10 years to complete, and finally discovered the "J particle". He was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize.Someone asked him: "You study so hard, don't you feel very bitter and tired?" He replied: "No, no, no, not at all, no one forced me to do this, on the contrary, I feel very happy. Because I am interested, I am eager to explore the mysteries of the material world, such as conducting physical experiments; because I am interested, I can stay in the laboratory for two days, two nights, or even three days and three nights, guarding by the instrument. I am eager to discover What I want to explore." Only when teenagers are interested in learning can they concentrate their energy on the object of learning, make attention focused, observe meticulously, remember persistently and accurately, think quickly and richly, stimulate and strengthen the inner motivation of learning, Thereby mobilizing the enthusiasm of learning.

【Harvard view】

Fun Learning Equals Effective Learning
Learning without interest will be very boring. Interest is not only the cornerstone of success, but also the driving force for people to keep moving forward.The learner loses interest, just like a bird loses its wings, it can no longer experience the joy of flying, but can only stagger forward in the mud.

In order to improve the efficiency of our study, we must cultivate interest in learning and use interest to push ourselves to learn effectively.

Schwartz, a famous sinologist who graduated from Harvard, gave a broader explanation of interesting learning. He believes that interesting learning is a kind of enjoyment, and learning new knowledge is a very interesting thing. Reading, attending classes, completing homework, Reviewing homework, interacting with classmates, asking questions to teachers, etc. are also very interesting learning, and he even mentioned that "effective learning is interesting learning".

Many students have asked Schwartz: "What is effective learning?" He always told the students tirelessly: "The learning that I find interesting is effective learning." The professor is answering their questions seriously.But Schwartz believes that interesting learning is learning that can make one's body and mind happy and useful.

Is learning really fun?Schwartz said that in the eyes of children, they are full of longing and curiosity about school, and they believe that learning must be more interesting than the games they are playing now.But soon after they enter school, they will find that studying is so boring and there is no fun at all.This kind of psychology will always accompany them through college, and in this process, they may not experience the joy of learning.

Although students have mastered a lot of knowledge, in their deep consciousness, they don't regard learning as an interesting thing, because in their view, learning should be a serious and serious thing, and any behavior that goes against it , will be regarded as bad study habits.And their ultimate goal is to use scores to explain everything, even if the person who gets a high score is a dumb, unsophisticated student.Therefore, Schwartz strongly suggested: "Study should be regarded as a fun thing."

Many contemporary educational psychologists attach great importance to the cultivation of interest in learning.They believe that when a student has a strong interest in the content to be learned and memorized, the cerebral cortex will generate an excited dominant center, learning and memorizing will be more active, not only will not feel that learning is a burden, but will be more relaxed Fun and efficient.Both theory and practice have proved that interest is a good friend of learning and a driving force for developing memory, observation, creativity and other abilities.

If you study with full of interest, you will fly happily and freely in the sky of knowledge, and your learning efficiency will also be greatly improved.

[Easy interaction]

1. Do you agree with Schwartz's point of view, in the process of learning, do you feel that learning is boring?

2. Write down the common problems you encounter in the learning process, and analyze them one by one.You can seek help from parents, teachers, and friends to discover solutions.

【Parent-child total product】

The easiest way to keep learning interesting is to keep asking questions.When you read to answer or solve a question, your learning is purposeful and interesting.It is easy to prepare some questions, just think of the titles of each section as questions.For example, when studying Archimedes' law, you can ask: What is the content of Archimedes' law?How was it discovered?How to prove this conclusion is correct?What is its formula?What should be paid attention to when using it?Can I roll it out in other ways?In order to answer these questions, at first you force yourself to read in detail, but once you really look down, you will be hooked.

【Harvard view】

Interest can ignite your desire for success

In ancient and modern China and abroad, besides diligence, perseverance and the spirit of innovation, all those who have made achievements in a certain field also have one thing in common, that is, they have a strong interest in something.

Interest is people's deep love for the study, work or career they are engaged in, and it is a kind of magical and huge energy.

The Swedish Nobel Prize winner Selma has been particularly interested in fairy tales since she was a child, and traces of fairy tales can be seen everywhere in her life.

Her mother was a taciturn and extremely quiet person, but she had nothing less than love for her children.In the long winter nights, my mother would always sit in front of the warm fireplace and read Andersen's fairy tales and other novels to the children.

Grandma is also a source of fairy tales for children.Unlike my mother, grandma never took books, as if the story grew in her stomach.Little Thelma seemed to prefer to listen to grandma's stories, and grandma's stories were vividly told, compared with her mother's, which was much duller.

When little Selma was 5 years old, her grandma died, and she immediately felt great sadness and disappointment: Without grandma, who will tell me stories in the future.

Little Selma's worries did not come true - fairy tales and beautiful legends still flowed in her life.The aunt and the neighbor's grandmother took the place of the grandmother to tell the children stories about the absurd knight, the beautiful and lovely angel... Little Selma continued to swim in the world of fairy tales.

When little Thelma just knew few words, she began to look for books, and she wanted to experience the mysteries of the fairy tale world by herself.She is overwhelmed by the noble heroes in the fairy tale world, and she despises the hooligans and scoundrels at the bottom of society... She will laugh out loud when she sees happiness; when the protagonist is being bullied, her little fists will be clenched tightly Tight... In her young heart, the outside world is just like the one shown in the book.

Among the fairy tales she read, one deeply affected her, which was "Oceola", which told the story of the Indians.After reading the book, Little Selma made up her mind: she must become a good writer in the future and write books like this.Since then, she has been reading more voraciously. She is interested in all kinds of books, and spends almost all day in the pile of books.The scope of reading is also becoming wider and wider, no longer relying on one's own hobbies, only reading books such as fairy tales and novels.At that time, as long as she could find a book, she would read it, full of eager desire for knowledge, and read it several times if she couldn't understand it. At the age of 15, she finished reading all the books in the family. At the age of 16, she made a bold attempt and created her first poem, starting a career as a writer.

She wrote a lot of works throughout her life, but the most famous one is "Traveling on a Goose", which is also derived from her strong interest in fairy tales in childhood.

The generation of interest is very subtle, and the usual explanations are mostly environmental influences and family influences, but more people's interests seem to be spontaneous.Several children raised by the same parents have the same environment and education level, but their interests are very different. Such examples abound in life.What's more noteworthy is that some people objectively lack a good environment for becoming talents, but they become famous great men with their interests, such as Tolstoy, who lost his mother at the age of two and his father at the age of nine; Stendhal, whose father sent him to the pastor's house for foster care; Andersen, who used a coffin as a bed since childhood, lived a difficult life; Dante, whose parents died one after another when he was a child, etc. Their success is closely related to their interests.It can be seen how important interest is to our study.

In the process of learning, if we are very interested in a certain subject, we will try our best to collect relevant knowledge, and often the more we know, the more questions we will have, and the stronger our interest will be. Will be more eager.At this time, learning will not feel boring, on the contrary, it will be very interesting.

Every learner should, like Selma, cherish and cultivate their strong interest in knowledge. It will guide us to explore, discover, and satisfy the knowledge we desire.

[Easy interaction]

1. How does Selma's story inspire your study?Have you ever had a similar experience?
2. Think about it, do you have a strong interest in learning a new knowledge?How do you think you can cultivate your interest in learning?
【Parent-child total product】

The method of self-seeking learning pleasure was advocated by the former Soviet Union Si Solovichek.The basic point is that one should be mentally prepared and firmly believe that learning is fun.The specific training methods are: first, motivate yourself before studying, talk to yourself, and say "I like to study ×× subject, ×× subject is wonderful" and other words several times.Second, be more careful and spend more time in your studies than usual.Don't forgive yourself for your careless mistakes, try your best to make yourself happy with success.Third, when you don't want to learn or are not interested, recall your own learning advantages, such as "my problem-solving ideas are correct", "my calculation speed is fast", "my memory is good", " My writing is beautiful", etc., forget your own shortcomings, enhance your self-confidence, and gradually feel the fun of learning.

In fact, ancient Chinese scholars have already adopted this method of self-seeking learning pleasure.For example, Zhu Xi, an agent scholar and educator in the Song Dynasty, once wrote the poem "The Joy of Reading in Four Seasons": "How is the joy of reading, and the green windows are always in front of the window; The joy of music is pottery, look for the bright moon and frost high in the sky; where to find the joy of reading, count the plum blossoms in the heart of the world." This poem expresses the joy experienced in the process of reading through the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and inspires one's strong interest in learning.

You should pay attention to observe everything at ordinary times, ask yourself more "why", and often discuss with your classmates and teachers the problems in the study and study, and feel the charm of knowledge.Newton's discovery of gravitation and Watt's invention of the steam engine are all derived from common phenomena in daily life, plus question marks, and then delved into them, and realized the truth from them.Academic progress often follows the trajectory of "curiosity-doubt-thinking-dispelling doubts-gaining-interest".The second part of the training details of Harvard top students
(End of this chapter)