You are the april day of the world

Chapter 39 Our Capital (1)
Zhongshan Hall

Our capital is so great and lovely in so many ways that we can introduce and explain him, come to know and know him from different things each time.Our capital is a famous city rich in cultural relics and buildings; introducing it from the cultural relics and buildings can make you feel its greatness and rarity more deeply.The following lens is the first object I want to introduce here.

He is Zhongshan Hall in Zhongshan Park.You may have held a meeting here, or got to know him through visiting Zhongshan Park; you may also be someone who has never been to the capital and wishes to come, and is willing to have a preliminary understanding of Beijing.Let me introduce it, it's a delightful task.

This palace is indeed not an ordinary building; even in this city of Beijing full of cultural relics, it is also an extremely rare one.Because it is the oldest wooden hall in this ancient city, it is 530 years old.It was built in the 20s, and it was one of many buildings built by Yongle in the Ming Dynasty when it returned to Beijing from Nanjing to establish its capital. It was also created by our respectable unknown craftsmen in the most prosperous era of craftsmanship in the early Ming Dynasty. Yes, a real object preserved to this day.

In the past, this hall was neither the emperor's palace nor the scripture hall of Buddhist temples; it was the "Hall of Enjoyment" in the altar and temple set up to perform the sacrificial rituals and festivals in the most primitive religion in China.Zhongshan Park used to be the "Sheji Altar", which is the place where the gods of land and grains are worshipped.

All altars and temples are surrounded by cypress forests, so the environment is beautiful and has become an excellent foundation for modern parks.The Altar of Sheji includes a square in the center, an altar in the field, and short walls and Lingxing gates on all sides of the field; outside the short wall, three sides are Shinto, and the north is the Hall of Enjoyment and the Hall of Sleeping; they are surrounded by red walls and beautiful coupons. cave door.There is a well pavilion in the south, surrounded by towering cypresses.

The appearance of Zhongshan Hall is a typical hall.The platform base and three stone steps inlaid with white stone, the juxtaposed columns surrounded by vermilion lacquer, the exquisite doors and windows, the blue and green color painted door, the "dou" and eaves rafters made of intertwined wood, etc. The towering yellow glazed tiles and the slightly curved slope top can be said to be typical, but they are also a complete and beautiful structure.Its proportions are steady, its scale is appropriate, and it is just what its role and its environment require.It does not use ceilings inside, but exposes all the beam frame and bucket structures, which is the so-called "Luming Zao" format.When we look up, we can see that the materials of each structure are handled as beautifully as decorative paintings, and at the same time they form ingenious patterns.Of course, the traditional blue and green painting also makes it more splendid and luxurious.However, the characteristics of the relics in the early Ming Dynasty are the excellent quality of wood (each column must be a whole material, mainly nanmu), and the accuracy of the craftsman's cutting of tenon and tenon joints. These are not outstanding points on the outside, but belong to its interior of quality.

Such a beautiful and majestic building created by the working people of China was only used by the feudal emperors to fool the people in the past, but now it has returned to the hands of the people, and its effectiveness has been fully used by the people.In August [-], the first Beijing People's Congress was held here.Over the past two years, more than a hundred meetings of various kinds have been held here.How well this hall was used as a great hall for various working meetings and presentations!What's more coincident is that the Taimiao, which is far away from the Sheji Altar, has also been used as a cultural palace for the working people of the capital.

Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace
The Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace is a place familiar to the people of the capital.It is on the left side of Tiananmen Square and is symmetrical to Zhongshan Park on the right side of Tiananmen Square.It occupies a large area, with Tiananmen Square in the south, the moat in front of the Forbidden City in the north, Dongqianbu Corridor in front of the Forbidden City in the west, and the east wall of the Forbidden City in the east. Half of the Forbidden City.This is a large-scale temple built by the working people 23 years ago (the [-]rd year of Ming Jiajing, [-]).

It is mainly composed of three halls and three courtyards; in addition, it is surrounded by a lush and ancient cypress forest.

This place used to be called the "Tai Temple", but it was just a place where some memorial tablets for the dead were silently placed and several royal family ancestor worship ceremonies were held a year.After liberation, on the International Labor Day in [-], a plaque inscribed by Chairman Mao himself was hung on the gate here - "Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace", and it became active.The various cultural and entertainment activities carried out here are often warmly welcomed by the working people of the capital, so that the courtyards and halls under the shade of trees are often crowded with people. During holidays and various exhibitions, people waiting to enter The queue sometimes goes all the way to Tiananmen Square.

Here, various cultural entertainment activities are carried out in a particularly beautiful environment.This environment has two characteristics:

First, it is a complete building group in the Forbidden City that has exceptionally exquisite materials and has not been damaged in the past 400 years.

Two, its floor plan is one of the most remarkable examples of the approach to space in the architectural system of the motherland.Not only is its internal layout bright and compact, forming a whole between the ups and downs of virtual and real, but it is also an integral part of the overall layout of the Forbidden City, which has a certain relationship with Tiananmen, Duanmen and Meridian Gate.If we look down from a height, we can see that the Cultural Palace is centered on a large courtyard, surrounded by buildings on all sides, and the north is the focal point of the building.It is not just a single hall, but three front and rear halls: the middle hall and the back hall each have its hatchback side hall and front yard; The verandah, like two arms outstretched to embrace the front courtyard.The building on the south side is very simple, which is the gate of the entrance.Outside the whole group of buildings, there are two red walls decorated with glazed tiles, and between the two red walls is a green old cypress forest.The forest in the south is particularly large, creating thick shade, which echoes the key points of the buildings in the north.The main space they leave is the large courtyard that can accommodate more than [-] people, with corridors on both sides.Such a spatial treatment is very suitable for outdoor group activities.This is also one of the fine traditions of our motherland architecture.This layout is completely different from the Sheji Altar in Zhongshan Park, but it is symmetrical in proportion.If the Sheji Altar is an altar with four gods spreading out from the center (only two low-level halls are located in the north), the Cultural Palace is a temple surrounded by halls and corridors on all sides.These two groups of buildings take the vestibule of Duanmen as the key, and are organically connected with Meridian Gate and Tiananmen.In the Cultural Palace, if we look from bottom to top, we can not only see the majestic main hall with double eaves in the north, but also the corner of Wufeng Tower on the Meridian Gate as its northwest background. Hui Fei, majestic and imposing, gives people a very deep impression.

The Three Great Halls of the Forbidden City In the middle of the Forbidden City in Beijing, the three grand palaces rising majestically are the focus of the entire Forbidden City and the core of the buildings in the "Forbidden City".As far as the entire Forbidden City is concerned, such a majestic and majestic spirit; such a well-organized and pictorial body style; such an art of dealing with space; such a unified whole between engineering technology, appearance outline, and plane layout, It is undeniable that it is a masterpiece of architectural art in the world, a group of great architectural masterpieces, and one of the miracles in the history of human labor creation.We have every reason to be proud of our "world number one".

In front of the three main halls, there are two prelude layouts, which are worth noting.In the first section, from Tiananmen Square, through Duanmen Gate to Meridian Gate, the "Thousand Step Corridor" on both sides is a serious beginning.The second section is a small square between the Meridian Gate and the Taihe Gate, which is a beautiful prelude.Here is an arc-shaped Jinshui River, and five white stone bridges on the river. In the atmosphere of yellow tiles and red walls, looking north at the majestic Taihe Gate, this environment properly prepares for the Three Halls.

The three halls of Taihe, Zhonghe, and Baohe are arranged in front and back and stand together on a huge and lofty I-shaped white stone hall foundation.This kind of platform base used to be called "Dianbi". It is two feet high and divided into three floors.There are three rows of stone steps in front of the platform, one on the left and one on the left, and there are carved and hidden dragon and phoenix patterns on the road.Such a large-scale group of buildings is surrounded by larger-scale courtyards.The grandeur of Guangting is indescribable.There are corridor houses around the courtyard, and there are symmetrical pavilions on the left and right of the two halls of Taihe and Baohe, and wing doors, and small turrets at the four corners.Such a layout is a unique tradition in our country, and it is often seen in the beautiful murals of the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Among the three halls, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest and the largest wooden hall in the country.There are eleven rooms in width and five rooms in depth. There is a column of colonnades outside. There are 84 large columns standing inside and outside the whole hall.The roof of the hall is a "palace-style" with double eaves, and the tile roof is all made of yellow glazed tiles, which are bright and shiny, reflecting the blue sky.The painted banners and buckets, the red lacquer pillars, and the golden windows are also in sharp contrast with the white stone steps.This hall was built in the 36th year of Kangxi (350). It is [-] years old, and its structure is as strict as ever.Although the color paintings on the gold-infiltrated panlong pillars inside and the caisson on the beams and caissons on the upper part are slightly peeled off, they are still gorgeous and moving.

The Zhonghe Hall is in the center of the I-shaped abutment, and the plane is square. The "colonade" in the Song and Yuan I-shaped halls has transformed into today's pavilion-shaped square hall.The roof is a single eaves "cuan spire", and the upper end is terminated with a gold dome.This hall is the original object of the third year of Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty, more than [-] years earlier than the Hall of Supreme Harmony.

The Hall of Preserving Harmony stands at the northern end of the I-shaped hall base, with nine rooms wide from east to west, each of which is smaller than the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Above it is the "Xieshan-style" roof, which is the "Jianji Hall" of Wanli in Ming Dynasty.

Original, not destroyed or reconstructed.Up to now, the sign of "Jianji Hall" is still left on the child pillar above.It is the oldest among the three halls, with a history of 330 years.

(End of this chapter)