You are the april day of the world

Chapter 40 Our Capital (2)
The two halls in the three halls, one in front and one in back, with slightly lower units sandwiched in the middle, are its wonderful features.It is impossible to describe the three halls in words, and at the same time, due to the large environment, it is difficult for the camera lens to grasp all the majestic appearance of the three halls.The deep impression can only be experienced by entering the moving environment in person.

Beihai Park
In a city with a population of more than 200 million, especially in Beijing, where the layout is strict, the streets are straight, and the buildings are mainly symmetrical from left to right, there will be such a picturesque environment as Beihai. The heartland is really unexpected and surprising.When I walked across the Jinaoyu Bridge between Beihai and Zhonghai for the first time, the scenery across the water was really like a picture, which was particularly impressive.

Qionghua Island stands in the middle of the water, the white pagoda on the top of the mountain, the towers in the forest, rendered by the morning light or sunset, the scene is very special, tourists on the stone bridge on the lake bank or boats on the water, everywhere are like in the painting.Pond gardens are the heart of modern cities, to adjust the climate, beautify the environment, and rest the spirit; the role of the Beihai Scenic Area on the health of the people in the city is immeasurable.The value of Beihai in terms of art and history is very prominent, but what is even more valuable is that it has returned to the hands of the people today and has become a people's park.

We attach great importance to the history of Beihai, because it is also an important part of the history of Beijing.It is the birthplace of today's Beijing city.As far back as the Liao Dynasty (early 300th century), the address of Qionghua Island was a well-known platform, which was said to be "the backstage of Mrs. Xiao"; in the Jin Dynasty (middle of the [-]th century), the ruler built a suburb here for himself in a luxurious manner. Liguan: Dig a big pond, change the platform into an island, move famous stones from the Northern Song Dynasty to build a mountain, and build a beautiful hall on the top of the mountain.Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty conquered Zhongdu and once lived here.When the capital was established in the Yuan Dynasty, the old city of Zhongdu was abolished, and the address of Ligong was chosen as his new city, the core of the Dadu Imperial Palace, and Beihai and Zhonghai were called Taiyechi.The three officials of the Yuan Dynasty stood on both sides of the bank. In front of the water is the "Yingzhou Round Hall", which is today's Tuancheng, and to the north there is a bridge leading to the "Long Live Mountain", which is today's Qionghua Island.Standing in the Taiye Pool on the island, the momentum is majestic, and the Guanghan Hall on the top of the mountain is condescending. You can look at the West Mountain and overlook the whole city. It is the main palace of Kublai Khan and the most prominent focus of the whole city.After the Ming Dynasty destroyed the Three Palaces of the Yuan Dynasty and built the Forbidden City today, the status of Beihai and Zhonghai was different and not so important.The ruler changed the two seas into a garden for banquets, called "Inner Garden".The Guanghan Hall was abandoned, and Wanli collapsed in the Ming Dynasty.In the early Qing Dynasty, the South China Sea was opened up, and many garden buildings were added, and there were individual quiet units on the north and east coasts of the North Sea.The most significant change in the appearance of Beihai was in [-], when the Tibetan-style White Pagoda, as seen today, was built on the former site of Guanghan Temple on Qionghua Island.The hall in the middle of the mountain in the south of the island is also converted into a Buddhist temple, which rises directly from the stone steps and faces Tuancheng in the distance.This scene has been maintained for [-] years.

The artistic technique of Beihai layout is to inherit the tradition of creating imaginary fairyland in palaces and gardens, so it is mainly based on the posture of fairy mountain pavilions on Qionghua Island: there are terraces, halls and pavilions on the top; caves and stone rooms in the middle; surrounded by verandahs in the north, and white stone railings outside the corridors , up to 300 meters long; the Yilan Hall in the middle, and the Xuan Tower on the top is the Yuanfan Tower, which looks across the water from the Wulong Pavilion on the north bank, and sees each other. It is arranged based on the imaginary fairy mountain scenery.There are lotus flowers in the center of the lake, and there are painted boats coming and going.In addition to the Buddhist temple on the North Shore, there is also Xiaoxitian, which is also influenced by Buddhist paintings.Others, such as bridges, pavilions and embankments, are more or less imitating landscape paintings.The layout of Beihai has a rich artistic tradition.Its interesting twists and turns and varied scenery are its most popular factors for tourists.At the same time, because of its vast water surface, deep forest bank, large scale and great vigor, it is most suitable for all activities in modern youth holidays: boating, skating, climbing and overlooking, and the North Sea has the best conditions.

Temple of Heaven
The Temple of Heaven is located on the east side of the central line of the outer city of Beijing, covering an area of ​​nearly [-] mu, surrounded by two red walls.The dense and towering old cypress trees inside the wall look like a lush green shade in the distance.Protruding from the forest is a dark blue umbrella-shaped glazed tile roof, which is the upper part of the circular hall with triple eaves, and a gold-painted roof shines on the tip.This is a special building in the motherland, the world-famous Temple of Heaven Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.When the train from the south to Beijing enters the city, everyone on board can see this scene from the window.It is the first impression many people have of Beijing's cultural relics.

The Temple of Heaven is the place where the feudal lords worshiped heaven and prayed for a good harvest every year. It is the product of the feudal ignorant policy and superstition; but it is also a special and beautiful architectural type created by the hard-working people in the past with blood, sweat and wisdom. Today it has incomparable Artistic and historical value.

All the buildings of the Temple of Heaven are divided into two simple groups, placed in a peaceful and cheerful environment, surrounded by deep woods.The south group is mainly a large altar for worshiping heaven, called "Circular Mound", and a small round hall, called "Huangqiongyu".The north group is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and its apse - Huanggan Hall, the East and West Side Halls and the Gate of Prayer for Harvests in front.The two groups are about 600 meters apart and connected by a white stone avenue.Outside of the two groups, the only important auxiliary building is the "Qi Palace" to the east.The outer two weeks of walls are square on the south side and semicircular on the north side.This is according to the ancient "sky round place"

built on the basis of sayings.

Circular Mound is a large altar for offering sacrifices to heaven. It is perfectly round in plane and is entirely made of white stone. It is divided into three floors, about 21 feet in height.

Each floor is surrounded by stone railings, and the three layers of railings are composed of 360 pieces, symbolizing "360 degrees of the sky".There are nine steps on all sides of each floor.All the dimensions and numbers of this altar use one, three, five, seven, nine "days" or their multiples, which is the most typical feudal superstition combination requirement.But under such harsh conditions, intelligent working people have created an artistic masterpiece in terms of shape.This round altar, which is as white as snow and has three overlapping layers, is surrounded by exquisite lace-like stone railings. Its shape is so beautiful that it will always be a precious building dotted on the ground of the motherland.

On the north side of the Circular Mound, outside the Lingxing Gate is the Imperial Vault of Heaven.The function of this small round hall with single eaves is to store the wooden tablet of the god (when offering sacrifices to heaven, "please" go to the round mound to receive sacrifices, and send them back after sacrifices).The most special thing is the surrounding wall around it, the plane is made into a circle, and the door is only opened on the south side.The wall is made of beautifully polished bricks, so if you lean against any point in the wall and whisper to the wall, others can hear you clearly when you put your ear close to any other point.People love to play this "acoustic game" here.

The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests is the place to pray for valleys. It is a circular hall with triple blue glazed tile eaves and a golden roof on the top floor.The building of the hall uses two weeks of columns inside and outside, twelve columns per week, and four "Longjing columns" inside.There are twelve doors in the circle, without walls, and they are exquisite in solemnity.The hall stands on a three-story round altar, which is slightly larger than a round mound.

The scale of the deployment of the Temple of Heaven was formulated during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty.Among the existing buildings, the Circular Mound and the Imperial Vault of Heaven were built in the eighth year of Qianlong's reign (15) in the Qing Dynasty.The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests was rebuilt in the second year (24) after it was destroyed by fire in the [-]th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty.The Qi Nian Gate and the Huang Qian Hall are the originals of the [-]th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty ([-]).The colorful paintings of the Ming Dynasty under the beams of the Qi Nian Gate are rare historical relics.

Summer palace

In Chinese history, feudal lords and aristocrats always wanted to monopolize or occupy places with particularly good scenery in the suburbs of cities, and then artificially managed them as their "forbidden gardens" or private gardens.These famous royal gardens, palaces, and famous gardens are all inseparable from the blood, sweat and wisdom of the working people.They dug pools or built mountains, built pavilions, cut and planted trees and flowers, arranged corridors and winding paths, bridges and waterside pavilions, and only after many ingenious operations and processing did they mention those palaces or famous gardens. A highly artistic situation.

Now, these precious cultural heritages of the motherland have returned to the hands of the people.

The Summer Palace in the western suburbs of Beijing, after the famous Old Summer Palace was destroyed by the imperialist invading army, is the last big "Royal Garden" preserved in China's 4000-year feudal history.Thirteen miles around the Summer Palace, there are mountains and lakes in the garden.The building units leaning against the mountains and facing the lake are several hundred in size, and the most famous promenade is a thousand or several hundred feet long from east to west, with a total of 270 three rooms.

The lake and mountain foundations of the Summer Palace were constructed during the Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties.The largest construction in the Qing Dynasty began in the 15th year of Qianlong ([-]). At that time, the real name was Qingyi Garden, the name of the mountain was Wanshou, and the name of the lake was Kunming.In [-], Qingyi Garden and Yuanmingyuan were both viciously destroyed by the British and French allied forces.Most of the front mountain and the west were destroyed, only the buildings made of glazed bricks and the "copper pavilion" on the top of the mountain were spared.

All the shores of Qianshan Lake were rebuilt in the 14th year of Guangxu ([-]).At that time, the Empress Dowager Nala's dictatorship, to celebrate her own birthday, actually embezzled the navy's shipbuilding expenses to build it and renamed it the Summer Palace.

The Summer Palace is large in scale and complex in layout. We can understand it by dividing it into four parts: Back Mountain, Front Mountain, East Palace Gate, South Lake and West Causeway.

The first part, the back mountain, is the artistic appearance left by Qingyi Garden, the essence of which is on the north slope of Longevity Hill and the Suzhou Creek below the slope.Starting from the "Chicheng Xiaqi" pass in the east, the mountains are undulating, and the stone road turns around. All the way in the middle of the mountain, you pass "Jingfu Pavilion" to the "Wisdom Sea", and then go west to the "Painting Middle Tour".All the way along the river bank under the mountain, there are deep pines or peach trees scattered everywhere, which is the best place to visit the garden before and after Qingming in early spring.The small river (or Houhu) under the mountain is twists and turns, sometimes narrow and sometimes wide; the river along the bank imitates the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, so it is called "Suzhou Street", and the river is also called "Suzhou Creek".After entering the park from the North Palace Gate in the middle, there is a large stone bridge across the Suzhou River, and uphill to the south is the former site of the "Houda Temple", which is now called "Xumu Lingjing".Although these places are desolate and desolate today, the environment is quiet and they are still the most lovely part of the Summer Palace."Harmony Garden" in the east

It imitates the style of Huishan Garden in Wuxi, with a lotus pond in the middle and water halls and curved corridors around it, which is very unique.The small Suzhou Creek leading to Qianhu Lake in the west has a "Buy and Sell Street" on the east bank, just like a small town in the south of the Yangtze River (which no longer exists).The long embankment weeping willows and the Six Bridges in the west are modeled on the Six Bridges of the West Lake in Hangzhou.These are all systematic gardening techniques that imitate the landscapes in the south of the Yangtze River.

(End of this chapter)