Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 1 The first step in efficient learning - learning methods (1)
A good learning method can solve all learning problems

It is not difficult to remove learning barriers

"Learning is really boring."

"When I mention going to school, writing, and taking exams, I get a headache, and it's scary to think about it."

"When I want to learn, I want to play."

"Learning is a kind of pain, it would be nice not to go to school."

……

This is the voice of many students, helplessness, fear, irritability, confusion... For them, learning seems to be a burden and suffering, and they regard learning as a daunting way.

According to surveys, there are more than 1 million children in this situation across the country.

Wang Ke, who has just entered the third grade of elementary school, looks very cute and aggressive, but his academic performance is not good. It is said that he has never scored 60 points in Chinese and mathematics, and his name is always in the last three of each test.

Wang Ke's family has lost patience with this, and they beat and scolded. Now they still "beat" each other every two days and "beat" once every three days.

In fact, this is a very common phenomenon, that is, the IQ is normal, or even relatively high, but the academic performance is always very bad, that is to say, the IQ and the academic performance deviate. Most of this phenomenon is caused by learning disabilities.

Learning disability is a new concept put forward by the education circle in the 20s. Learning disability is caused by backward learning ability and unbalanced development.Studies have shown that around 60 million children worldwide are children with learning disabilities.

The so-called learning disability refers to the phenomenon of low academic performance caused by lagging behind in listening, speaking, reading, writing, arithmetic and communication skills with normal intelligence.

There are three common types of learning disabilities:
1. Dysgraphia
The lively and cheerful Jiajia is in the second grade of middle school this year.

But Jiajia often writes with left and right strokes. When doing math problems, she either copied the wrong number or reversed the addition and subtraction symbols. In addition, her writing speed is quite slow. It takes three hours to write some homework. four hours.

Jiajia's academic performance is often the bottom one in the class.The teacher suspected that he had intellectual problems, but his IQ was found to be at the upper-middle level after testing.

So the parents think that he has a problem with his learning attitude and often criticize him.Jia Jia often burst into tears because of grievances. He thought he had tried his best, but there was no progress.

In fact, this is a manifestation of learning disabilities, which can be corrected and overcome as long as targeted and specialized training is carried out.

2. Dyslexia
Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disability, with more boys than girls.

Pengfei is a clever child, but he has difficulties in learning; he often cannot remember what the teacher said in class, and he finds it difficult to complete homework after class; The comprehension ability is poor, especially when there are many mistakes when modifying sentences; it is also difficult to understand the application questions.After testing, his hearing and memory abilities were backward, which affected the quality of listening and conceptual understanding, resulting in the above-mentioned learning difficulties.

Such students often cannot memorize words, have difficulty in dictation and pinyin, they will involuntarily increase or decrease words when reading aloud, their writing language is dry, and their reading speed is very slow, so they need to read word by word.

They are very good at playing chess and computer games, but extremely bad at reading books, doing homework and listening to lectures.This lag may be related to the left brain.

3. Mathematics impairment, also known as non-verbal impairment
Such students lag behind in mechanical graphics and mathematics.

They cannot remember geometric figures and have difficulty with motor and mechanical memory.Learning is rigid and cannot transfer newly learned operations to new environments.This may be related to right brain lag.Usually, through the development of logical reasoning ability, you can exercise yourself in terms of spatial imagination and quantitative relationship, and use your own language advantages to make some kind of compensation.

From the definition of learning disabilities, we can know that learning disabilities are the mismatch between academic performance and intelligence.

So why is there this mismatch between intelligence and grades?
This is mainly because our academic performance is not only affected by intelligence, but also by learning ability.Intelligence is largely innate, while learning ability improves with experience and knowledge.Generally speaking, the relationship between learning ability and achievement is more direct.

To solve the problem of learning disabilities, we must start with improving our learning ability and correct our various psychological and behavioral problems. Only in this way can we really improve our learning efficiency and unify our IQ and grades.

To improve learning ability, the most important thing is to master a set of effective learning methods.

How to judge whether you have a learning disability, you can judge from the following three aspects:

First, look at whether the video-motion integration is behind.

Please compare the following phenomena according to your performance in the past 6 months:
(1) Poor walking, running and sitting posture;

(2) Poor motor skills and inflexibility;

(3) Often overturns things, soils or damages workbooks;
(4) Frequent falls and injuries;

(5) Unable to relax the body or shoulders;

(6) The orientation is often unclear;

(7) Writing often lacks one stroke and one more stroke, and the radicals are crowned and worn;

(8) Mistakes, skewed lines, and incorrect proportions often occur when imitating paintings;

(9) Strange writing posture, too heavy or too light force, writing beyond the grid;

(10) The work time is too long;
(11) Not good at handicrafts or art;
(12) Writing is often leaning to one side, and sometimes it is necessary to turn the angle of the paper to draw;

(13) often forget the carry or dislocation in the calculation process;
(14) Miscopy, omission or reverse order of numbers;
(15) In the vertical calculation, the ones, tens and hundreds are arranged incorrectly;
(16) The answer space often cannot fit or is too crowded.

If there are more than 9 items, it means that you may have a problem in this regard.

Second, see if you have any difficulties in expressing and accepting language.

The following aspects can be compared:

(1) Chattering, repetitive content, lack of organizational skills, and poor expression of cause, effect, and sequence;
(2) The vocalization, speed and severity of speech are different from those of children of the same age;

(3) Do not like to talk, answer irrelevant questions;
(4) Often not clear about things that were explained orally;

(5) Inability to concentrate on listening to lectures, lack of concentration;

(6) Trouble remembering sequences of sounds or words.

If there are more than 4 items, it means that you may have a problem in this regard.

Third, look at your own reading ability.

(1) Good at reciting, but not very understanding;
(2) Can read aloud, but have only a half-knowledge of the content;
(3) Not concentrating when reading silently;
(4) Use your fingers to assist reading and indicate the direction of the text;

(5) Read word by word;

(6) Mistakes, omissions, word additions, and inversions when reading aloud;
(7) Too fast or too slow when reading aloud.

If there are more than 4 items, it means that you may have problems in this regard.

Learning disabilities are a major difficulty that plagues us in learning. Only by fully understanding our own situation in this area can we conduct targeted training, improve and improve, so as to improve learning efficiency and make reading, writing, arithmetic and speaking faster. .

what keeps us from high scores
Just imagine, everyone is studying in the same classroom and sitting at the desk. Some students concentrate, concentrate, and work hard, solving one problem after another and breaking through difficulties one after another. Work on one book, and then change to another book when you hit a wall, and then bite your pen and hair in a daze, looking at the watch how long until get out of class is over.

Maybe these are all unconscious, but think about it carefully, hasn't it happened?Such learning efficiency will only be mocked by time.Obviously, only with high efficiency can we learn more in a limited time and better understand and understand problems.

So, what exactly affects our learning efficiency?

1. The impact of learning methods

The quality of learning outcomes is closely related to the ability to master scientific learning methods.Therefore, we should pay special attention to learning methods and creatively use learning methods that suit our own characteristics.

Descartes, an outstanding French mathematician, philosopher and scientific methodology in the 17th century, said: "The most valuable knowledge is knowledge about methods."

In modern society, the speed of knowledge updating is increasing day by day, and the times have put forward more and more strict and diverse learning requirements for us.It is impossible to fully adapt to learning only by "grinding an iron pestle into an embroidery needle" and "successfully".Today's learning success or failure not only depends on diligence, hard work, endurance and the time and energy spent, but also tests the learning efficiency of each student.

Someone once asked Einstein the secret of success. He said: "Success equals hard work, plus the right method, plus less empty words." And wrote down the formula humorously: W=X+Y+Z.We can also apply this formula to interpret the secret of learning success, that is, W is regarded as success, X is regarded as hardworking, Z is regarded as not wasting time, and Y is regarded as method, so "success in learning = hard work + not wasting time + method" .Methods can increase or offset the effect of hard work and cherishing time. It can be seen that only the correct method can ensure the success of learning.

Mastering scientific learning methods is an important part of improving learning ability.A British sociologist once surveyed dozens of Nobel Prize winners and found that most of them think that the most important thing in learning is to master the learning method.The famous French physiologist Bernard also said with deep feeling: "Good methods can enable us to develop our talents and talents; while poor methods may hinder the display of talents." In the dense forest, become a hunter with a shotgun, gain effective offensive capabilities and room for choosing prey.

2. Influence of physical and mental state
A healthy brain and abundant energy are the natural conditions for improving learning efficiency, but this condition alone is far from enough.

From a physiological point of view, whether the special organ of the human brain can be kept moderately tense will directly affect the improvement of the learning efficiency of the learning subject.

Dr. Charles from the United States believes that people with low levels of physical and mental tension have slow mental and physical functions and cannot keep up with the fast-paced modern society.

why?Because people maintain a moderate tension, the heartbeat can be accelerated, and the speed of oxygen and nutrients supplied to the muscles can be accelerated. At this time, the adenosine phosphate in the brain will be converted into energy, thereby promoting the activity of the main organ function and resulting in accelerated blood circulation. .At the same time, because more energy is delivered to the brain and muscles, the learning subject is quick in thinking and open in mind, and the learning efficiency is thus improved.

From the perspective of psychological state, whether you can feel comfortable and eliminate interference is also very important.On the one hand, the human brain is like a fine filter. When it is in a good mood, it can automatically discard those unnecessary things that have nothing to do with it for a while, and absorb the most meaningful information.

On the other hand, the excitation and inhibition of the cerebral cortex are in a trade-off. When a certain exciting point occurs, other surrounding areas are inhibited, and at each moment, the cerebral cortex usually has a dominant excitation center. , when the learner is in a good mood, this excitement center can be connected with the clearest consciousness, and thus generate and promote various reflection activities of the body, resulting in high learning efficiency.

From the mental state, it depends on whether the mood is high and the confidence is full.A good mental state and a happy mood are not only beneficial to physical and mental health, but also keep the brain at its best.It can ensure the coordination of various organs in the body, promote a strong appetite, sleep soundly, be energetic, and give full play to various functions of the body. In particular, it can form a good mood, positive passion and strong enthusiasm, thereby improving the work efficiency of the brain.

3. The influence of the amount of knowledge

Any learning is carried out by human beings on the basis of existing knowledge.The famous American educational psychologist Olauber pointed out in his book "The Cognitive View of Educational Psychology": "If I were to reduce all educational psychology to just one principle, then I would sum it up in one word: The single most important factor affecting learning is what the student already knows, ascertain that, and teach accordingly."

The "what the students already know" here refers to the knowledge before the students learn new knowledge. The original knowledge and skills stored in the long-term memory of the learners are the prerequisites for engaging in new knowledge learning.In ancient my country, there was a saying of "using what they know, explaining what they don't know, and making them know". The German educator Herbart believed that if learners want to acquire new knowledge, they must combine new knowledge with existing concepts in their minds. , to form a group of ideas, in order to acquire and understand new knowledge.

Learning to "die" to "live"
Many people immediately frown when they hear the word "reciting", thinking of "rote memorization", thinking that this is a commonplace topic, or advocating an outdated reading method that should be strongly opposed .

In fact, it is not the case. Whether it is the method of enlightenment education for children in ancient my country, or the method of memorizing thousands of phone numbers by operators decades ago, and the acquisition of knowledge in our daily study and work, it can be said that there is no one kind of learning. A good way is to get rid of reciting completely.

Especially for liberal arts students, reciting is very important.Memorization of liberal arts is the foundation, and some things cannot be answered at all if they cannot be remembered.

However, each has its own unique approach to politics, history, and geography.The key and difficult part of the economic common sense in politics is some principles, which should be memorized on the basis of understanding; the philosophical common sense is mainly about some rules and regulations, and the content is not very difficult. ;Political common sense is relatively dead and requires memorization, but it is closely related to current affairs, so it is necessary to read more newspapers and TV to enhance the ability to use knowledge to understand and analyze problems.

History has the largest amount of knowledge and its content is complex, so we should read it frequently.As time goes by, there will be fewer and fewer things that I don’t remember, and the books will be turned faster and faster. The knowledge will naturally become more proficient, and there will be a basis for analyzing historical issues.The high school part of geography is an introduction (mainly physical geography and human geography). It is very detailed and deep. After memorizing it, it is easy to forget, but as long as you grasp the basics and let the core content be "dead", you can "live" it. .

In fact, not only liberal arts, but also science subjects that need to be memorized, such as some formulas of mathematics and physics, basic reactions of chemistry and some common sense of biology.Only by remembering the knowledge of "death", can we use them flexibly and improve our grades.

The key to learning a method from "death" to "live" is not in the memory method, but in how the memorizer should memorize.We must have a clear sense of purpose for memory, and improve our ability on the basis of being very proficient in basic knowledge, thereby stimulating the interest in learning and keeping the brain in an excited state of "activation"; secondly, we should pay attention that even if "rote memorization" It is also necessary to recite on the basis of understanding, and avoid swallowing raw materials without asking for a deep understanding.

No matter what subject, there are many things that need to be recited, and some materials can only be memorized "by death".Reinforce memory over and over again.During the exam, you must use the memorized materials flexibly. This means not only remembering them firmly and deadly, but also understanding and understanding them alive.It means: "die" to "live".

Get rid of your scoring shortcomings
Partial subject is the enemy of learning, and it is also one of the reasons that affect the efficiency of classroom learning.

Some students have no plans to study, they can learn whatever they want to learn, and their learning depends entirely on their own interests and hobbies.I like to learn the subjects, and I concentrate in class in class, for fear that I may miss a certain sentence that the teacher said, and I do my homework very seriously.He simply doesn't listen to the classes he doesn't like and doesn't want to learn. Even if he goes, he is "in Cao Ying and his heart is in Han", or sleeps on the table, or does homework on subjects he likes.The teacher criticized him, but he was plausible: "I didn't hinder other students from studying. It's my personal business." It was only at the critical moment of the semester exam, when he failed in the high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination failed, that he was dumbfounded and anxious. , Regret.

The term "short board" comes from the "short board effect", referring to one's own weaknesses.In the study, the weak point is the subject with poor academic performance.The reason why there are poor subjects is because of partial subjects.

Wu Yingying's grades have always been excellent. She especially likes literature, so her Chinese grades are particularly good.

However, after entering the senior grade, she couldn't accept mathematics at once. Every time she came home from a math test, she always looked depressed and annoyed.There is also less time for studying mathematics. She would rather read some literary works than do math problems, and her math scores are getting worse...

In fact, Wu Yingying is not the only example. In her class, there are several students who are partial to subjects.

Each of these partial subjects has their own scariest thing.Some people said: "I don't have a mathematical mind at all, and I feel dizzy when I see mathematics, let alone exams." Some people said: "I am afraid of English. .”

In fact, everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses, as well as their own interests and hobbies. You may prefer to learn English, but you are most afraid of learning mathematics; he may like learning mathematics, but most afraid of learning English.

If it is not handled properly, it will be like Wu Yingying. The subjects that I don't like will definitely have less time to study, and of course the grades will not be good. At this time, I will be even less willing to study, so a vicious circle will gradually form.

Partial subjects will cause defects in knowledge, and "lame" phenomenon in disciplines, which may make you always "inferior" in a certain field.If some students don't like learning Chinese, in future work, they can't even write a simple work record.

Partial subjects affect the learning of other subjects.Because the various disciplines are interrelated, the lack of a subject will feel uncoordinated.Just like a person lacking a hand or a leg, you will feel a lot of inconvenience.

If you want to conquer a subject you hate, you must first find out the reasons for your dislike of this subject.

If you want to eliminate your own shortcomings, first analyze why you are not good at certain subjects, and know what caused it.Since other subjects can get good grades, it seems that it is not because of lack of learning ability, so for subjects that are not good at, it should be possible to get better grades through hard work. "I don't have the ability, so I can't", it is wrong to give up so easily.

(End of this chapter)