Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 2 The first step in efficient learning - learning methods (2)
In fact, there are not many shortcuts to conquer subjects that you are not good at. You still have to start from the basics.Because for ordinary people, the subjects they are not good at are mostly caused by the weak foundation, so if you don't understand something about the content you have learned, you have to learn it from the basics until you fully understand it.In particular, subjects such as mathematics or English should be taken step by step, and the effect will be more significant if you study carefully during the summer or winter vacation.

Feng Xiao was admitted to the English Department of Fudan University with excellent grades, and she put forward the idea of ​​"key breakthroughs".She feels that if she is poor in a certain subject, it is not enough to just spend more time making up "partial subjects", but also to analyze which part of the subject she is worst in, and then make a "key breakthrough".In other words, it is to add another "partial department" to the "partial department", concentrate superior forces, and open a breakthrough first.

It turned out that her English was very poor, and the one who lost the most points in English was cloze.So, she specially bought books about cloze such as "College Entrance Examination English Necessary Cloze" and "Cloze Typical Questions 1000" to make a "key breakthrough", and the effect was quite good. "It became a "big scorer".With a breakthrough in this area, the overall English score will naturally rise to a higher level.In the end, English became her strong point.When she volunteered, she did not hesitate to apply for the English major.

Tan Zhong, the champion of liberal arts in Hunan Province, adopted the strategy of "effective partial subjects" to solve the problem of partial subjects.

A more humorous way of saying is "lift the pot if it is not open", the more difficult the subject is, the more you have to work hard to win it, "it is hard to chew".This is the exact opposite of the general meaning of "partial subject".

He analyzed the general situation of liberal arts test scores in the college entrance examination in recent years and found that the key to success in liberal arts is actually mathematics to a large extent.In the liberal arts class, there are not many good mathematics students. Only mathematics can widen the gap and widen the gap.So he immediately changed his learning method drastically. In the last two months, he put aside the other 4 homework, but made a surprise attack before the exam, attacking mathematics every day.Although the risk of doing so was not small, the result was a success: I got 140 points in the math test, and the total score greatly exceeded my previous expectations.

Partial subjects are not terrible, as long as we face them bravely, we can defeat this paper tiger.

Emerson once said: "Do the things you are afraid of, and the fear will naturally disappear." Similarly, if you are afraid of learning English or physics, etc., you immediately memorize English words, memorize physics formulas, and do exercises, then your Fear also disappears.

Fear is a net that imprisons your vitality; fear is a wall that constitutes your self-limitation.What you are afraid of must be where your potential lies, and it must be the area where you improve the fastest and make the most progress.Only the fruit picked in the most dangerous orchard is the most delicious.Maybe in your hard work review, your English and physics scores are still not as good as others, but your mood is definitely different from the past, because in these brave efforts, you have discovered life potential that you never dared to expect.

Knowledge is interlinked - network learning method
In high school study, many students often fall into such a misunderstanding, that is, to memorize some knowledge points in isolation and scatteredly. They think that as long as they write down all the knowledge diligently, they will be done.

However, the changes and development of today's college entrance examination have brought new challenges to the students.The college entrance examination will never be divided into chapters and sections like usual learning and doing questions. The knowledge of various aspects must be integrated in the examination of the questions, and the current comprehensive examination questions are by no means a simple platter of various homework. more and more obvious.

Knowledge networking is essentially a process of summarization, a process of induction and memory; the process of summarization is also a process of improvement and analysis.Therefore, summarizing can not only take care of comprehensive learning, but also lead learning to in-depth.

If our college entrance examination review is still at the level of "big pearls and small pearls falling on the jade plate", the understanding and mastery of knowledge will make us fall into the quagmire because of unsystematic, messy and complicated. The power of the Internet is powerful, and knowledge is united. The strength of a person is by no means a simple superposition of individual strengths, but increases geometrically.

The knowledge points we have seen and the questions we have done are like a plate of loose beads, which can be eye-catching on the plate, but when we want to use them, they are scattered and scattered, and we can’t clean them up in time.Therefore, we should find a red line—the red line that runs through knowledge and exercises. This is the overall framework of the book.

In fact, the outline in the book that is easily overlooked by the students is actually the red line.

Open the table of contents of the book and review according to this red line. After a week, you can throw away the textbook and review the book with memory.We can simply write down the outline of the textbook, and then divide it from a certain chapter to a certain definition, a certain theorem, or even a certain unit and a certain exercise related to it.

Doing so can make the learned knowledge form a network, and finding ways to organize and systematize the learned knowledge is the only way to improve review efficiency.

For Gong Jinyu, who was admitted to Peking University as the "top scorer" in the college entrance examination of Shenyang No. [-] Middle School, the first thing in his learning method is to be good at summarizing.He wrote:

When someone asks me about my learning experience, "summary" is always the first thing I want to say.Everyone knows that high school learning is different from junior high school, and a lot of knowledge is often overwhelming.The best way to solve this problem, I think, is to summarize.On the one hand, it is a summary of knowledge, and on the other hand, it is a summary of oneself, that is, "reflection".

Let me talk about the summary of knowledge first.Whether it's theory or writing, people who can't sum up can't integrate and adapt to high school learning.To sum up, it is not a matter of one day, it has to start as soon as you enter high school.Learn a little and do a little.Some topics can be listed according to the teacher's suggestion or the exercises done, such as: "finding the formula of the general term by recursion" in mathematics, "the problem of the angle in the ellipse", "the application of complex numbers in analytic geometry", etc.First collect and summarize the commonly used knowledge points, formulas, types and solutions of such problems, and then attach some exercises, try to find some classic and generally representative topics to help understand and explain.

Connecting knowledge networks in series is time-consuming.Sometimes we can be lazy and use some well-summarized reference books on the market for my own use, so that my knowledge network can be used for reference and become clearer.But don't rely entirely on reference books, because in any case, the effect of your own summary is better, not to mention the cultivation of this ability is also essential, so don't regard reference books as "bibles".

Learn to put problems on hold

In your studies, you may encounter this kind of situation: when you encounter difficulties, you can’t think of a solution for a while, and you are still thinking hard there. Although it took a long time, you got nothing.Maybe it will be better to take a temporary avoidance method at this time.

A celebrity once said: "Boring thinking is more tiring than resting." Spending a long time thinking about a problem is equivalent to spending time to tire the brain.This kind of time-consuming and energy-consuming thinking is neither meaningful nor valuable.If you can pause for a while, learn other easier content first, let your mind relax for a while, and then go back and think calmly, it will be helpful to solve the problem.

This is to "temporarily refrigerate" doubts, so as not to hinder your own learning of new knowledge.With the continuous mastery and consolidation of new knowledge, after a period of time, you can rethink with the questions of the previous period.Old knowledge will also be consolidated and improved, and by analogy, past questions will often be solved.Sometimes even in the process of learning new knowledge, those questions will suddenly flash in my mind, and suddenly become enlightened.This is the beauty of "by analogy".

Many high-achieving celebrities have taken this "temporary freezer" approach.

Qian Weichang, a famous scientist in our country, once said: "When encountering small problems, they are not the key ones. Why can't we go around or cross them? For example, when walking on the road, there will be many obstacles, such as ditches and stones. Some people bump into When it comes to ditches and rocks, he has to fill the ditch and move the rocks before he is willing to pass, and spends his time and energy on small problems. In fact, as long as you cross and go around, it will be fine.

"To learn, you need to learn those key things. You have to make great strides forward. When you go far and look back, the original problems will disappear, and those obstacles that get in the way are no longer a problem. If you are entangled in some small problems, then you You won’t be able to learn it all your life. Don’t stop for these small difficulties, that’s just chasing after the end.”

Lu Xun also said: "When we were learning foreign languages, we read a lot at first. If we just look at that place when we encounter doubts, then no matter how long it takes, we will not understand. So skip over and move forward, so even the previous The place is understood."

When the famous philosopher Rousseau was studying abstruse and difficult questions, whenever he continued to think for a long time and still could not get an answer, he would shout: "Go to the ground!" and stop thinking about that question. Months later, the problem comes back into consciousness, often better than expected.

The "temporary refrigeration" method must be guaranteed by several prerequisites before it can be effective.

First, it is inseparable from regular learning methods such as doing a good job of pre-review, listening carefully, and taking notes, because this is the basic guarantee for learning and mastering knowledge. What about solving doubts in the learning process?

Second, we must be diligent in thinking and good at thinking.Only when you are diligent in thinking can you have questions and solve them, and then you can master and consolidate knowledge.To be good at thinking, you must pay attention to the method of thinking.The knowledge we learn is a unified system, closely related to the front, back, left, and right. Not only can the front and back knowledge inspire each other, but sometimes the knowledge of different disciplines can also inspire each other.When we think about a problem, we can't stay on a certain knowledge point in isolation. We need to expand our thinking and connect with more knowledge to help us think.Only in this way can the knowledge be integrated and applied.

This method of avoiding for the time being can be generally used in learning.However, there are two points to be aware of when using it:
(1) Don't put aside problems that you have to go back and rethink in the future without analysis.When you decide to put the question aside, you should at least think about it and understand some of it.

(2) If the problem has been on hold for a long time, you should still think about it frequently while you are doing other things.From time to time, we may shed important light on this question while working on other topics.

Regularly empty the brain and release vitality space

In high school, there are too many things to memorize. Many students are like "a bear breaking a stick", remembering the back and forgetting the front.For this reason, the students were deeply troubled, "How should we remember?"

One of the magic weapons of memory is to remember as little as possible, and only remember the things that need to be remembered most.For example, a 6-digit phone number is definitely easier to remember than a dozen-digit mobile phone number.Many students seem to have forgotten this most obvious truth. They want to remember everything, but naturally they can't remember anything.Therefore, when you find that you can't remember, your first reaction should be: there are too many to remember, and you have to "lose weight" first.

Below are several "weight loss" methods created by some "champions":

1. Outline cyber law

Mr. Cao Richang, a famous psychologist in my country, once pointed out: "After my own analysis, I have made an outline in my own language, which is easier to memorize and retain." Knowledge is mostly scattered and not easy to memorize.

If you find out the inner connection between knowledge and organize it, just like stringing pearls with threads, you will remember a lot.There are various connections between knowledge, not only vertical connections, but also horizontal connections. Therefore, when memorizing, one must not only be good at threading beads, but also be good at weaving knowledge into a web.

2. Backbone memory method

When reading a book or an article, you must first grasp the key points and remember the key points.Emphasis can serve as the "backbone" of memory, and secondary events such as branches and leaves can be added to these trunks.

"Knowledge tree" is easier to remember than simple words.When people read text, they rely on the conversion of words into the representation of specific things to understand and remember.If the reading ability is poor, or if you don't know the content of the knowledge you read, you can't convert it into the appearance of specific things, it is difficult to understand, and naturally you can't remember it.

If there are illustrations or pictures in the reading materials, even if it is the first contact, you can see the whole situation in an instant, the image is vivid, easy to understand and remember.Generally speaking, since diagrams are closer to image information than text information, when we memorize certain things, we should use images, schemas, and pictures as much as possible, and draw them as neatly, concisely, and with distinct colors as possible to alleviate the memory of certain things. The burden of memory, in order to get better memory effect.

More importantly, the "knowledge tree" memory method can help students construct knowledge as a whole.The knowledge tree outlines each section, each chapter, and even the entire knowledge system concisely, with an intuitive image and easy to understand and remember.As the "knowledge tree" increases, the knowledge you master will also increase. When you have a whole "forest" of knowledge in your brain, that is the day you successfully pass the college entrance examination.Be able to explain in language and words, but also be able to use it in practice.In the actual application process, continue to deepen the understanding.

Students who have experience in the college entrance examination often have a better experience when memorizing: "Remember the key words, don't say the key words yourself."

The keyword memory method is to simplify the memory of the main content of the memorization materials (knowledge) by selecting keywords or key phrases in the memorization materials (knowledge) as bridges and clues when memorizing the overall materials (knowledge) method.So it is also called simplified memory method.The memory capacity of the human brain is almost unlimited, but the coordination of various physiological parts of the human body is required in memory activities, such as blood supply, oxygen supply, and muscle activity.

In a certain period of time, since the energy provided by the human body for memory activities is limited, the amount of memory that the brain can afford in a certain period of time is actually limited.When it is overloaded, it will produce a protective inhibition (also known as over-limit inhibition) to resist the continuation of memory activities and protect itself.

Keywords can attract and maintain people's attention and improve the quality of attention.Due to the limited span of attention, it is impossible for people to perceive all the things around them at the same time, and it is impossible to think about all the problems. They can only select a few of them to give extra attention.

With keywords, you can direct your limited consciousness to the key points of knowledge points, avoiding the effect of memory being affected by the average distribution of attention.The selected keywords and the information they provide can be clearly reflected after being fully and effectively processed by the brain, thus leaving a lasting impression on the brain.

By using the keyword memory method, you can know the key points at a glance, and at the same time keep your eyes focused on the key points of the material.When memorizing, focus on keywords and connect all additional knowledge points in series according to a certain train of thought to achieve complete memory.

(End of this chapter)