Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 28 The second wave of tomb robbery: the upsurge of tomb robbery in the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties (1)
Folk tomb robbery has become a common practice

Sima Qian mentioned "digging graves" in two places in "Historical Records", Volume [-], "Huo Zhi Biography", and Sima Qian wrote in his discussion:
"Thus a strong man joins the army, beheads the general's (qiān) flag, covers the front with arrows and stones, and those who do not avoid the disaster of soup and fire are rewarded envoys. He was a young man in Luxiang, attacking vertebral theory, robbing people and committing adultery, digging graves and minting coins, Those who are both knights and men, take advantage of friends to avenge, compile and hide, do not evade the law, and those who go to death are all for money." It can be seen that Sima Qian also believes that most of the motives for tomb robbery are out of wealth. Pursue.When he listed the various ways to get rich that the so-called industrial and commercial households embarked on the road to success, he also pointed out the example of "digging graves, adultery, and Uncle Tian started", saying that a rich man like Uncle Tian actually made his fortune by robbing tombs. This shows the seriousness of the situation of folk tomb robbery at that time.

Volume [-] of "Taiping Guangji" quotes "Sou Shen Ji": Wang Boyang's family is in Jingkou, and there is a family in the east of the house. It is said that it is the tomb of Lu Su. (Wang) Boyang's wife, Xijian saw her, and she was buried in Wang Ping's tomb.A few days later, (Wang) Boyang went to the living room at daytime, and saw a nobleman riding on his shoulders, serving hundreds of people, and there was an endless stream of people and horses.Yao Lai said: "I am Lu Zijing, why did you destroy my family?" Because of his eyes, he was pulled out of the bed and left with hundreds of swords.Absolutely revived, gangrene was found in all the hit places.Died in a few days.

One said, (Wang) Boyang died, and his son Ying tomb got two lacquered coffins and moved them to Nangang.Yemeng (Lu) Su Nu said: "I will kill your father." Xunfu dreamed of (Wang) Boyang and said: "Lu Su and I are fighting for the tomb, and I am restless day and night." Blood, because of Lu Su's suspicion.

These two stories are slightly different. One is that Wang Boyang's wife occupied Lu Su's tomb, and the other says that Wang Boyang himself occupied Lu Su's tomb.But the living members of the Wang family were retaliated by Lu Su for this.In the first story, Wang Boyang was beaten hundreds of times by Lu Su's ghost, and died of gangrene; in the second story, Wang Boyang's son dreamed that Lu Su's ghost said fiercely that he would kill him father.He also dreamed that the soul of his father said that he was troubled by Lu Su in the underworld and would not live in peace.When he woke up, he saw blood on his father's coffin.

Also from "Taiping Guangji": "There is a tomb in Fen Shuikou, Fanyang, with stone tiger stone pillars, and the name is General Tomb. In Long'an, Emperor An of Jin Dynasty, Luqiu Nanyang will bury his wife beside the tomb. There are dozens of evening followers, all of whom are dreams. Yun: "Why do you endanger people so that you can be safe?" Jue said that everyone has the same dream. Although the heart is evil, the shame is a dream. When it is time for the burial, the sound of drums and horns is a sign. Hearing the sound of drums and horns and armor on the tomb, turn around Closer to the tomb, three people died at the gate of the tomb. After the burial, Luqiu was killed by Yang Quanqi. Everyone was the trouble of General Yiwen."

This is to say that during the reign of Emperor An of Jin'an in Long'an, Luqiu Nanyang wanted to bury his wife next to the tomb of "General Wen".At night, his entourage dreamed that General Wen had issued a warning to them.But Luqiu Nanyang didn't care and buried his wife there anyway.During the burial, as long as the music is played, the sound of drums and armor can be heard.When sending the coffin into the tomb, three more people died beside the tomb door.Soon, Luqiu Nanyang was wiped out by Yang Quanqi, and people said that this was the result of the "General Wen".

spells for antidote

In the history of tomb robbery in the Three Kingdoms period, although folk tomb robbery was common, the main force of tomb robbery was official robbers.Speaking of official robbers, Dong Zhuo has to be mentioned.

Dong Zhuo (?~April 192, 4 AD), courtesy name Zhongying, was born in Lintao, Longxi (now Min County, Gansu Province).At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was the young emperor and a powerful minister at the time of Emperor Xian.From the official to the Taishi and Meihou.Originally stationed in Liangzhou, he was summoned by General He Jin to lead the army to Beijing during the Shichangshi Rebellion in the last year of Emperor Ling, and immediately took control of the court.He was cruel and bloodthirsty, and he acted perversely, which led to a joint crusade by all heroes, but the joint army collapsed shortly after Dong Zhuo moved his capital to Chang'an.Later, he was killed by his confidant Lu Bu.

Dong Zhuo was born in a rich and powerful local family.Since childhood, he has a cruel personality and a lot of strategies, as well as a super martial arts.Dong Zhuo is aggressive by nature and has great strength, especially his arm strength. He can ride a horse, likes to hang double bows on his waist, and can shoot left and right.At that time, Min County was a remote area, adjacent to the residence of Qiang people, an ethnic minority in the northwest.Dong Zhuo was pampered and pampered since he was a child, and he formed an indulgent, willful, rough and fierce character in his youth.According to historical records, Dong Zhuo was "a young man who was a hero, but he traveled around Qiang" and was "rough and scheming".When Dong Zhuo was young, he traveled to the places where the Qiang people lived. Relying on his powerful background and rich assets as a landlord, he often interacted with the chiefs of the Qiang tribe.His savage and fierce character and strong and powerful physique made the local people fear him three points.Not only did the villagers dare not provoke him, but the surrounding Qiang people also did not dare to neglect him in the slightest.In order to protect himself, Hao Shuai, the leader of the Qiang nationality, tried his best to cater to Dong Zhuo and made friends with him in order to live in peace for the time being.Local marshals often came to visit with a large number of livestock and property, and called Dong Zhuo brother and brother.He is very familiar with the situation there, and seeing that the Qiang people fear him so much, he thought about how to use and control them, cultivate and recruit cronies among the Qiang people, and lay the foundation for his long-term development in the future.Therefore, driven by ambition, Dong Zhuo did not hesitate to spend his own property. Whenever a Qiang man came to visit his house, he would kill cattle and goats to entertain the Qiang man, in order to gain their support and support for him.On the one hand, the Qiang people were afraid of Dong Zhuo's ferocity, but on the other hand they felt Dong Zhuo's "boldness", so they all attached themselves to him and were willing to wait for his orders.Once, a Qiang man saw that Dong Zhuo's family had slaughtered very few cattle and sheep, so he drove thousands of cattle from far away and gave them to Dong Zhuo.It can be seen that Dong Zhuo had a great influence on the Qiang people at that time.

In addition to making friends with the Qiang people, Dong Zhuo also paid attention to maintaining his status and influence among the local tyrants. With his extraordinary talents, he wooed and merged other forces to continuously consolidate and expand his own power.He often plays the role of a knight-errant hero, and enjoys the reputation of "Jianxia" in the local area.At the same time, Dong Zhuo also recruited a large number of frustrated and down-and-out rogues. They were moved by Dong Zhuo's loyalty and followed him wholeheartedly.

The expansion of Dong Zhuo's power has a profound historical background and social roots.Since Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty established the Eastern Han regime, the power of local powerful landlords has been quite strong.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the weakening of the central government and continuous peasant uprisings, local tyrants took the opportunity to annex land and expand their power.Although the imperial court was deeply worried about the expansion of powerful forces, it was helpless.During the period of Emperor Ling when many contradictions and conflicts were concurrent, on the one hand, the central government wanted to suppress the local tyrants, and on the other hand, it had to use the local tyrants to suppress peasant uprisings and the resistance of ethnic minorities. and objects of appeasement.At that time, Dong Zhuo took up the post of state soldier Ma Yu (yuàn), responsible for leading troops to patrol the frontier fortresses and maintaining local law and order.In this way, Dong Zhuo laid a solid foundation for his future power development by controlling more Qiang people.All of a sudden, Dong Zhuo became a well-known figure in Longxi, whether in the government or among the people, Dong Zhuo had a pivotal position.With the continuous expansion of his own power and the successive rise of his status, Dong Zhuo seems to be no longer satisfied with his status as a remote and powerful man, and believes that he needs a broader political space.Therefore, he began to further accumulate strength and wait for an opportunity to develop.

Soon, the court of the Eastern Han Dynasty was eager to solve the problem of Xiqiang.This is an extremely important development opportunity for Dong Zhuo.The Western Qiang issue has always been the most difficult ethnic issue for the Eastern Han government: since the second year of Yongchu (AD 108) of Emperor An of the Han Dynasty, the Qiang people have continued to launch rebellions, involving a wide range of areas and lasting for a long time.During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, the Xiqiang issue not only did not subside in the slightest, but became even more powerful.The Qiang people couldn't bear the cruel exploitation and oppression by the local officials of the Han Dynasty, so they kept killing Han officials and occupying prefectures and counties.Facing the resistance of the Qiang people, the Eastern Han government, which had internal and external troubles, was helpless at all, so it had to seek help from local tyrants, hoping to use their strength to ease the crisis in Western Qiang.At that time, local officials in Longxi, who knew Dong Zhuo's details well, strongly recommended Dong Zhuo to the court, which undoubtedly created a good opportunity for Dong Zhuo to develop his power and satisfy his greed and ambition.

Later, Dong Zhuo was used by the imperial court. Although he was repeatedly defeated in battles, he was continuously promoted because of his own drilling camp, and he had a heavy army in his hands.Relying on his military power, he took the opportunity to attack the capital Luoyang after the death of Han Lingdi and manipulated the court.In order to control the government and monopolize power for a long time, he abolished Emperor Shao and changed Emperor Xian to be emperor.He has the final say on everything in the imperial court, and he keeps adding officials and ranks to himself, up to the prime minister.

Dong Zhuo was extremely cruel. When he was in Luoyang, he sent troops to kill and loot wantonly.Everyone in the capital is in danger, and there are miserable scenes everywhere.The princes of all walks of life in the world were extremely dissatisfied with Dong Zhuo's monopoly, so they discussed to attack Dong Zhuo.In the first year of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Yuan Shao led the princes from all walks of life to attack him.Dong Zhuo was not in a hurry because he still held a trump card in his hand, that is, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty.He coerced the emperor to order the princes, and the princes from all walks of life did not dare to act rashly for the safety of the emperor.Dong Zhuo also forced Han Xiandi to issue an edict to move the capital to Chang'an from Luoyang.The next year, Dong Zhuo claimed to be a grand master, and his power reached the extreme.

Dong Zhuo's bad deeds are far more than these, and tomb robbery is also one of his many crimes.Before he entered Xiguan, due to the chaos in the world, in order to expand his army and strengthen his strength, he sent his generals to steal the tombs of many Eastern Han emperors.However, because his power was still small at that time, he did not dare to rob the tomb blatantly, for fear of causing criticism from the world.After he entered the customs, he monopolized the power of the court, and the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty and even Emperor Xian had to follow Dong Zhuo's lead, so he didn't have any worries.Coupled with the fact that princes from all walks of the world are coming to crusade against him, it is even more necessary to have strong economic strength to protect their own status.In order to raise sufficient military pay, Dong Zhuo unscrupulously stole the imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty, which were older and had richer and more precious funeral objects.The executor of Dong Zhuo's tomb robbery is his number one general, his adopted son Lu Bu.

Among the many tombs stolen by Dong Zhuo, the one with the largest scale and the most treasures is the mausoleum of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Dong Zhuo once ordered General Lv Bu to rob and excavate the tombs of the Western Han emperors. As for the details of Lv Bu's robbing and excavating the tombs, there is no record and is unknown, but there is a story about his robbing Maoling.

It is said that when Lv Bu robbed Maoling Tomb, Dong Zhuo entrusted him with a secret mission, which was to ask him to pay attention to find the secret recipe and magic medicine in Maoling Tomb.It turned out that Dong Zhuo had a granddaughter named Dong Bai.This girl has a beautiful face and a beautiful appearance, and she is well-behaved by nature. Dong Zhuo loves this girl and is regarded as the jewel in his palm.When she was ten years old, Dong Zhuo named her Lord Weiyang and held a grand ceremony for her.When the ceremony was held, Dong Zhuo ordered soldiers to set up a high altar with a width of more than six meters and a height of two meters. Dong Bai was sitting in a distinguished car with a high-end Xuan Jinhua green cover, surrounded by a large number of officials, and was granted the title on the altar. It was very grand.But unfortunately, this Dong Bai is a mute.For this reason, Dong Zhuo was very worried. He tried to treat him with famous doctors all over the world, but none of them worked.Later, Dong Zhuo heard from his ministers that Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, worshiped the gods and searched for immortals all his life, refining immortal medicines, and there might be panacea for dumbness in his tomb.So he handed over this task to Lu Bu.

Lu Bu led a large number of soldiers into Maoling, and while carrying a large number of treasures, he carefully found a panacea.However, the entire mausoleum was searched, and even the coffin of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was turned upside down, but the panacea was still not found.Lu Bu did not complete the special task entrusted by Dong Zhuo, he was anxious and frustrated.At this moment, I saw a soldier holding a roll of tissue paper and shouting loudly: "I found it, I found it!" and trotted over.Lu Bu couldn't help being ecstatic when he heard it, and without waiting for the soldier to report, he snatched the tissue paper from his hand, opened it, and saw twelve large characters written in correct official script on it: "Thousand li grass, He Qingqing, ten days' divination will not give birth." Lu Bu is a martial artist, and it is not easy to know these words, so how can he understand the deep meaning, he thinks this may be what Dong Zhuo is looking for.So, he happily announced that the class teacher would return to the court.After returning, hand the silk paper to Dong Zhuo.Dong Zhuo looked at it for a while, but didn't know what it meant, so he turned to ask the minister.However, the ministers looked at each other in blank dismay, and no one responded.Dong Zhuo was furious, and asked sharply, "I can't even understand the meaning of these twelve characters, what use is it for me to support you ministers!" Under the stern voice, all the ministers trembled.Dong Zhuo was even angrier, and came down from the hall, his eyes wide open, staring at the minister standing in front.Seeing that something was wrong, the minister knelt down with a plop: "Your Majesty, I don't know, so I dare not say anything." Dong Zhuo said, "Tell me, I don't blame you, so hurry up and say it." The minister trembled: "This sentence Words curse you." "How do you know?" Dong Zhuo was still puzzled.The minister said: "Look, this millet grass, when combined, is the word 'Dong', and the combination of ten days is the word 'Zhuo'. This sentence is a curse for you not to be born." After hearing this, Dong Zhuo was so angry Almost fainted, he stretched out his hand to bring the roll of tissue paper, intending to tear it into pieces, but the tissue paper is very strong, no matter how hard it is torn, it will not be torn apart.In a fit of rage, he threw it on the ground, trampled it under his feet, and loudly reprimanded Lu Bu: "What did you bring, you idiot! Get off to the palace..."

Later, Dong Zhuo, who was still angry, sent someone to throw the body of Emperor Wu of Han outside the tomb to expose it to the sun.All the ministers in the court were saddened by this, so they publicly recommended Cai Yong to persuade him.Only then did Dong Zhuo calm down, and sent someone to put the body back and deal with it hastily.

Later, Dong Zhuo couldn't help regretting his absurd act of stealing the Maoling Tomb of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.He was originally a very superstitious person, but after seeing the piece of paper that cursed him, he regretted it even more.He was afraid that the act of tomb robbery would damage the geomantic omen and his hegemony, which would affect him as emperor in the future, so he sent someone to put some of the less important funerary objects back in the Maoling, and also rebuilt the Maoling. Seek God's forgiveness.

However, the later development of the matter went exactly according to what was written on the mysterious piece of paper. It didn't take long for Dong Zhuo to die under Wang Yun's serial tricks, and the person who killed him was Lu Bu.

From Dong Zhuo's fortune until he was stabbed to death by Lu Bu, Dong Zhuo robbed countless tombs during this period.During his dictatorship, a large number of palaces and temples were built to have fun with the concubines.A lot of money for building palaces and temples came from mausoleums.Maoling was the luckiest among the many tombs to be restored later. Most of the other tombs were completely destroyed by him, and even the emperor's body was thrown away at random.

Professional Grave Robber Cao Mengde

After Dong Zhuo, the most famous and professional tomb robber appeared in this period. He was Cao Cao, a famous statesman, military strategist and poet during the Three Kingdoms period.Cao Cao is famous for professionalizing and industrializing tomb robbing. He was the first to set up special officers in the army to be in charge of tomb robbing, and he also named them vividly-General Faqiu Zhonglang and Captain Mojin.Cao Cao often visited the scene of tomb robbery in person and directed the excavation.The largest tombs unearthed by Cao Cao's professional tomb robbers were the tombs of King Liang Xiao of the Western Han Dynasty and his wife Queen Li in the Mangdang (dàng) Mountains of Luoyang, which made countless profits.It is said that just this one tomb robbery was enough to support Cao Cao's 10,000+ army for three years, and the profit from tomb robbery was beyond ordinary people's imagination.Cao Cao can be called the most professional tomb robber in the history of Chinese tomb robbers.

Cao Cao (July 155, 7 A.D. ~ March 18, 220 A.D.), named Mengde, named Geely, and small character Aman, Han nationality, was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province).A famous military strategist, statesman, and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the founder and main founder of the Wei State in the Three Kingdoms era, and later the King of Wei.After his son Cao Pi became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu of Wei.

Cao Cao's grandfather, Cao Teng, held an official position during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty and was named Fei Tinghou.It is said that the origin of his father Cao Song is unknown. "Three Kingdoms·Wu Di Ji" said that he was "not able to judge the whole story", but in the "Three Kingdoms" written by Song Pei Songzhi, he indirectly quoted the "Cao Man Biography" written by the Wu people of the Three Kingdoms. Song's original surname is Xiahou, but the credibility of this theory is not very high.Cao Song succeeded Cao Teng as Marquis.

When he was young, Cao Cao was quick-witted, vigilant, and capable of weighing changes according to circumstances. However, he was capricious, chivalrous, dissolute, and did not practice moral conduct or study studies. Therefore, no one in the society thought he had any special talents, only Qiao Xuan of Liang Guo and others. Thinking that he was not ordinary, Qiao Xuan said to Cao Cao: "The world will be in chaos, and the people who are destined to save the world will not be able to save it. Those who can make peace, it depends on the king?" He must be this person!" Xu Shao, styled Zijiang, is famous for his knowledge of people, and he once said to Cao Cao: "A capable minister of Jun Qingping, a hero of troubled times" (according to "The Book of Later Han Xu Shao Biography", Sun Sheng "Miscellaneous Language" and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as "A capable minister who governs the world, and a traitor in troubled times.")
Cao Cao has always been a typical image of a traitor in folklore.But the most disgraceful thing about Cao Cao is not his treachery, but his tomb robbery.According to historical records, at the beginning of Cao Cao's war in the world, in order to raise military pay, he thought of the Han Emperor's tomb and the tomb of the rich family who were buried with him, so he came up with the idea of ​​robbing the tomb.In order to ensure the success and harvest of tomb robbery, Cao Cao set up such positions as "General Faqiu Zhonglang" and "Lieutenant Mojin" in the army. Which one to steal.

The most famous tomb stolen by Cao Cao is the Tomb of Mangdang Mountain King, which is the tomb of Liu Wu, King Xiao of Han Liang, and Queen Li.

Liu Wu (? ~ 144 BC), the second son of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the grandson of Liu Bang, the same mother and younger brother of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, and the Queen Mother Dou.In 178 BC, he was granted the title of acting king, and in 176 BC, he was changed to king of Huaiyang.In 168 BC, Liang Xuanwang Liu Yixuan (hōng) had no heir, and Liu Wu succeeded Liangwang.He came to the country in 161 BC.The capital is Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan).During the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, he led his troops to defend the capital of Chang'an, the capital of Wu, against Liu Bi (bì), the king of Wu, and made great contributions. Later, he fought against the favor of Empress Dowager Dou and the soldiers of Liang State to try to inherit the throne of Emperor Jing, but failed.He died of illness in October 144 BC, and was buried in Mount Mangdang, Yongcheng, with the posthumous title of King Xiao.From the time he was granted the title to his death, he was king for 35 years and Liang Wang for 24 years.After the death of King Xiao, Liang Guo was divided into five, and his five sons sealed the country.King Liang Xiao, the second son of Emperor Wen, the eldest son was the later Emperor Jing, both of whom were the sons of Empress Dowager Dou.

King Xiao Xiao of Liang was the king of Dai at first, then King Huaiyang, and finally King Liang.

(End of this chapter)