Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 38 The Fourth Wave of Tomb Raiders: Tomb Raiders in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (3)
Because Li Chaoru was frightened by the image of Bigan in the bronze mirror next to the mausoleum, he never dared to open the box alone again, but sent many soldiers to guard it so that he could dedicate it to Song Huizong when he returned to Beijing.Soon, news spread that Biqian Mausoleum had been stolen.In order to cover up his crime of robbery, Li Chaoru came up with another vicious idea.He wants to frame maliciously.

Li Chaoru caught a man from the street, this man was a rascal, he lost his family property because of gambling, and he was selling his last family heirloom in the street market.Li Chaoru hid the box in that rascal's house in advance, framing him that the family heirloom was not legally obtained, but obtained from tomb robbery.So, Li Chaoru pretended to send troops to search the poppi's home, and found the treasure box.

Li Chaoru falsely accused Na Popi of robbing Bigan's tomb and stole the treasures inside, and the epitaph in Nabigan's tomb was the evidence of his tomb robbery.Na Popi refused to admit it at first, but couldn't stand Li Chaoru's torture, so he had to admit that Bigan's tomb was indeed stolen by him.So just like that, Li Chaoru confiscated the copper plate epitaph and dedicated it to Song Huizong.However, there is no impenetrable wall in the world, and Li Chaoru's tomb robbery has not been forgotten by history because of his cover-up.His tomb robbery crime was recorded in the annals of history after all.

The existing Bigan Tomb Temple is located 7.5 kilometers north of Weihui City, covering an area of ​​about 20 mu. There are hundreds of ancient cypress trees, which are strange in shape and magnificent.There are screen walls, three gate towers, worship halls, main halls, wing rooms, etc. in the cemetery, and the scale is very grand.There are also 64 inscriptions from Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the mausoleum.Among them, the famous stone inscriptions of Bigan inscribed by Emperor Xiaowen of Wei Dynasty, the inscriptions of offering sacrifices to Bigan by Emperor Chen Xuan, the edict of Bigan given by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the stele of sacrificial inscriptions and the imperial stele of Qianlong, etc.

Bigan's tomb is famous for its "Four Firsts in the World".

The most benevolent in the world: because he is the first loyal minister in history to admonish the emperor with death; Bigan is the uncle of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty and his prime minister. King Zhou refused to listen to his remonstrance, so Bigan had no choice but to remonstrate with death, and was buried in Weihui, Xinxiang after his death.

The No. 18 Temple in the World: Bigan Temple of Taishi Yin is located seven kilometers north of Weihui City, Henan Province, China. The tomb of Bigan has been sealed since King Wu of Zhou conquered Yin. It has been more than 494 years. year), a temple was erected because of the tomb.Covering an area of ​​[-] square meters, the main buildings include Zhaobi, Shanmen, Ermen, Mufang, stele corridors, worship halls, main halls, stone squares, tombstone pavilions, etc., row upon row, each with its own characteristics, surrounded by vermilion walls, ancient There are many steles in Baijiaoke. In the south of Bigan Temple, there are Bigan stone statues, Shinto, memorial archway, and the environment is deep.

The No. 18 Tomb in the World: Because it is the first mound-style tomb recorded in history; passing through the three gates along the central corridor of the Bigan Temple, you can see the Bigan Tomb. In the 494th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD [-]), Emperor Xiaowen of Wei built a temple for his tomb, which was called the celestial burial tomb. It is said that after Bigan died, there was a strong wind from the sky, flying sand and rocks, and the soil buried Bigan's bones here. Therefore, its tomb is called the sky burial tomb.It is also said that there are many cabbage and hollow cypress trees growing around the celestial burial tomb. Bigan would rather cut his heart for the country and the people, and move the spirits of all things to dedicate their hearts to Bigan; .

The No. 497 Monument in the World: There is a stone tablet in the Bigan Temple, which is carved by Confucius with a sword. The words "Yin Bigan Mo" are written on it, because this is the only authentic work left by Confucius in the world, and it is called "No. 55 Monument in the World". .Because there is land under the stele, Confucius wrote "Mo" instead of "tomb".In [-] B.C., Confucius was [-] years old. In the spring of this year, he came to Wei State from Lu State and lived in the home of the doctor Yan Chou. Ji County was under the jurisdiction of Wei State (Qi County). Confucius could not be reused by Duke Ling of Wei. He took his disciples to Puxiang, Kuangcheng (now Changyuan, Henan), and when they passed Muye, the car broke down suddenly. He asked the left and right where this place was?The answer is: Weidi.Confucius was very excited and said that this was the tomb of a benevolent man. He respectfully held a memorial service and carved the four characters "Yin Biganmo" with his sword. "Mo" and "tomb" were interchangeable in ancient times.There is also a small story circulating among them: It is said that Confucius borrowed the land as soil and deliberately wrote the word "Mo" on the tomb.Later, a county magistrate who was good at teaching saw the tombstone and laughed at Confucius for writing a typo, so he drew his sword and carved an earthen character.

It can be said that the rampant tomb robbery phenomenon during Song Huizong's period is closely related to Song Huizong himself.If it weren't for his liking for collecting antiques, the officials below would not have tried their best to rob tombs.During the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, there were only more than 500 pieces of antiquities collected by the royal family of the Song Dynasty. However, in the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, the number increased to more than 6000 pieces.The number of royal antiquities in the Song Dynasty surged, reflecting the rampant tomb robbery activities at that time.

Liu Yu's tomb robbery is not righteous

We have already mentioned Liu Yu's tomb robbery.This section will give readers a detailed introduction.

In the previous chapters, we have already said that in the second year of Jingkang (that is, the year of Song Qinzong Zhao Huanbingwu, AD 1127), a country called Jin, a northern grassland nation, launched a large-scale army to invade the south, and the two emperors of Hui and Qin were robbed by Jin soldiers. Sweeping north, Song Baling was destroyed on a large scale for the first time.Dajin officers and soldiers wantonly robbed and excavated the eight tombs.In the tenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1140), the anti-gold hero Yue Fei defeated Jin Wushu in Zhuxian Town. This hero, admired by the whole country, specially sent people to inspect the Northern Song Dynasty Imperial Tomb and renovated it, showing a patriotic and loyal monarch. The good mood of the generals.

Compared with Yue Fei, Liu Yu, who surrendered to the Kingdom of Jin, was supported by Jin soldiers, and became the "false emperor" (that is, the emperor of "Daqi"), became the eternal sinner of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum.

Liu Yu, courtesy name Yanyou, was born in Fucheng, Jingzhou. His family has been farming for generations, but he studied since he was a child, and finally passed the scientific examination and embarked on the road of official career.However, Liu Yu's conduct was extremely bad, he stole clothes from classmates when he was young, and was impeached shortly after becoming an official. If the emperor at that time did not want to publicize this scandal, Liu Yu would have been dismissed from office long ago.After experiencing this incident, Liu Yu did not reflect on himself, and thanked the emperor for his kindness.He was originally a punishment for Hebei in the Northern Song Dynasty. When the Jin soldiers invaded the south, this guy was very frightened and fled to Zhenzhou after abandoning his official position.In Zhenzhou, he was recommended by Zhang Kui and appointed as the prefect of Jinan by Song Gaozong Zhao Gou.When the Jin soldiers attacked the city and seized the territory, when the army approached the city of Jinan, Liu Yu Liu Yu lured and killed the patriotic general Guan Sheng, who was fighting against the Jin, and awarded the city to surrender to the enemy.

The Jin soldiers went south in a large scale and captured the two emperors Huizong and Qinzong, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished from then on.The successor Gaozong Zhao Gou moved the whole country to the south and moved the capital to Lin'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history.In order to effectively rule the northern part of China, the Jin people set up a puppet regime in the north and managed the north in the way of "Song people governing Song".And the person who was chosen to be the puppet emperor was Liu Yu.In the year when Liu Yu surrendered, the Kingdom of Jin canonized Liu Yu as emperor, the country was named Daqi, the capital was established as Daming Mansion, and the capital was later moved to Bianjing.

After Liu Yu moved his capital to Bianjing (Kaifeng), he carried out extremely disgraceful treasure hunting activities.In order to satisfy his greed for treasures, under the guise of washing the sand, he wantonly destroyed and excavated the tombs in Kaifeng and Luoyang, resulting in "exhausted tombs" in these two places, and the tombs of the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty were robbed and excavated.

One day, Liu Yu got a crystal bowl from one of his soldiers, and he couldn't put it down, and became jealous.When he learned that this crystal bowl came from the Yongtai Tomb of Song Zhezong and Zhao Xu, he ordered his confidant Liu Congshan to dig the tomb for the treasure.In order to deceive the public, Liu Yu named Liu Congshan the "Henan Taosha Official" and sent troops to Gong County to commit violence against Song Ling.After Liu Congshan led his troops to excavate Zhezong Yongtai's tomb, he looted all the treasures buried in the tomb.Not to mention, Liu Congshan also asked the soldiers to open Zhezong's coffin and dump Zhezong's bones in the wilderness outside the mausoleum.According to historical records, "Liu Yu set himself up arbitrarily. When he saw soldiers selling jade bowls in the mausoleum, he immediately set up pottery sand officials, and then distributed Henan mountain mausoleums and folk tombs without owners." Appointed his son as "taosha official".

Liu Yu, originally a courtier of the Northern Song Dynasty, later surrendered to the Jin regime.It is already unkind to surrender and rebel, but it is even more unrighteous to cooperate in robbery and excavation.Liu Yu, originally a courtier of the Northern Song Dynasty, later surrendered to the Jin regime.It is already unkind to surrender and rebel, but it is even more unrighteous to cooperate in robbery and excavation.Liu Yu, originally a courtier of the Northern Song Dynasty, later surrendered to the Jin regime.It is already unkind to surrender and rebel, but it is even more unrighteous to cooperate in robbery and excavation.

In the 18th year of Shaoxing (AD 1148), Fang Tingxu, Taichang Shaoqing of the Southern Song Dynasty, went to the Kingdom of Jin as an envoy. He passed by the imperial mausoleum of the Northern Song Dynasty and saw Zhezong's remains exposed in the wild. He immediately took off his clothes and buried the king of his old country.He wrapped his clothes around Zhezong's body, dug the soil with his hands, and ground it until blood dripped down, making a hole to bury Zhezong again.Later, he returned to the court of the Southern Song Dynasty and reported what happened on the road to Emperor Gaozong Zhao Gou.

Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, heard that the imperial mausoleum of the former dynasty suffered such a catastrophe. His blood froze in his pen, and he wrote very sad poems angrily, trying to arouse the feelings of the people of the Southern Song Dynasty in defending their homes and the country.In the poem "I feel the chaos when I hear the captives", it says:
It is recently heard that Suolu killed each other, and the autumn wind touched the sword and tears stained the waves.

Luoyang Baling Naren said that the jade seat is dusty, pines and cypresses are cold.

Liu Yu and the officers and soldiers of Nianhan of the Jin State successively robbed and colluded with each other, destroying the Fengshui treasure land identified by Zhao Kuangyin before his death. Except for the imperial tomb, the tomb of the queen, the tomb of the concubine, the tombs of the surrounding officials, and the tombs of ordinary people were not spared. .According to records, Liu Yu and Nianhan have a good way of robbing tombs. The small tomb adopts the "big topping" commonly used in archaeological circles to completely dig out the tomb.For the large tomb, a hole was dug from the side of the mausoleum platform, the stone on the top of the tomb was pried open, and the rope was lowered down.During the period, the scene was very popular. The tomb area was full of soldiers who robbed the tomb. After Song Zhezong and Zhao Xu's bones were dug up, they were thrown on the ground and exposed to the sun.At that time, the abandoned corpses were all over the mountains and plains, and the land of geomantic omens became deserted graves.

The Northern Song Dynasty was a dynasty that advocated thin burials. Perhaps the painful lesson that the Eighteen Tombs in Guanzhong were almost stolen just after the Tang Dynasty collapsed stimulated the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, and they advocated thin burials one after another.In addition, the Northern Song Dynasty was a period of change in the form of Chinese funeral culture. From the Northern Song Dynasty, people gradually shifted the focus of funerals to "mourning", and the aspect of "burial" was somewhat simplified. Therefore, the imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty are far less imposing than the imperial tombs of the Tang Dynasty. magnificent.

But the so-called thin burial is only relative to the Han and Tang dynasties. As the mausoleum of the emperor, its imposing scale is self-evident.The construction of the imperial mausoleums of the Northern Song Dynasty was also done by a poor country, and it was carefully designed and built by gathering the wisdom of skilled craftsmen from all over the world.The so-called "death is like life", the style of Gongyi Baling is not inferior to the imperial palace.According to historical records, in the construction of Song Renzong's Yongzhao Mausoleum, countless craftsmen and peasants from all over the country were mobilized, 50 taels of silver, 150 million guan of money, and 250 million pieces of silk were consumed, which accounted for half of the annual revenue of the Northern Song Dynasty treasury.When building Zhezong's Yongtai Mausoleum, 27600 stone materials were shared and 4600 craftsmen were employed.

Song Mausoleum is far inferior to Tang Mausoleum in terms of scale and momentum, but there are row upon row of palaces and pavilions, lifelike stone carvings and sculptures, and evergreen trees in the mausoleum area.However, such a large royal cemetery, which cost a lot of money and was beautifully built, was stolen and burned to the ground in just eight years.What's even more tragic is that they were not destroyed by the enemy's hands, nor were they destroyed by later generations of thieves, but were robbed by Liu Yu, a former courtier of this dynasty, who took all the treasures and even killed the emperor's bones in the wild.

During Liu Yu's usurpation of the throne, he helped the Jin people suppress the anti-golden struggle in the north. Yue Fei and Han Shizhong's anti-golden struggles were once obstructed by Liu Yu.Liu Yu was despised by the world, and even the golden men who supported him looked down on him.The Jinren canonized Liu Yu as emperor just to use him. Once Liu Yu could not complete the mission entrusted to him by the Jinren, the Jinren would ruthlessly abandon him.

As Liu Yu became stronger and stronger, the Jinren became suspicious and planned to eradicate him.In the eighth year of Liu Yu's usurpation, the Jinren abolished this useless puppet emperor.Liu Yu died in depression, with a tragic ending.

There were also political reasons for Liu Yu and Nianhan to steal and excavate the tombs of the Northern Song emperors.Historians believe that the Jin regime deliberately stimulated the nerves of the Southern Song regime by destroying the imperial tomb, so as to achieve the intention of destroying the spirit of the Han people.And Liu Yu played a very shameful role in it, despised by future generations!

(End of this chapter)