Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 39 The Fourth Wave of Tomb Raiders: Tomb Raiders in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (4)
Red lacquer face of famous tomb robbers

Liu Yu's act of robbing and excavating the eight tombs of Gongyi in the Northern Song Dynasty greatly stimulated the greed of northern tomb robbers, and the trend of collecting gold and stones that has emerged since the Five Dynasties also provided a broad sales market for tomb robbers.As a result, thieves from all over the world were like ants gathering, and tomb robbery became popular all of a sudden. In 976, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin died mysteriously in the Long Live Hall of the Imperial Palace in the capital, and was buried in Gongyi, Luoyang under his last order.The mausoleums of emperors in the Song Dynasty were built only after the emperor's death.Zhao Kuangyin's mausoleum is called Yongchang Mausoleum, which covers an area of ​​4000 mu. The cemetery is surrounded by pines and cypresses, so it is called "Cyber ​​City".There are many stone carvings on both sides of the Shinto, which are thick and simple, yet delicate and delicate.Liu Yu's destructive excavation left the monks, nuns and Baizihu who lived in the mausoleum area without shelter, so they had to live in other places.From then on, the imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty were no longer managed by a dedicated person, and civilian thieves rose one after another. The most famous tomb robber was Zhu Qilian, and the tomb he robbed was Yongchang Mausoleum.

Zhu Qimian was not the one who robbed Yongchang Mausoleum. The first tomb robber of Yongchang Mausoleum was Emperor Liu Yu of Daqi.When Liu Yu stole the Song Tomb, the focus was Song Renzong's Yongzhao Tomb. Although Yongchang Tomb was also damaged to a large extent, the coffin of Song Shizu Zhao Kuangyin was not opened.Yongchang Mausoleum has become a relatively complete one among the eight tombs of Gongyi in the Northern Song Dynasty.However, it is precisely because of this that after escaping Liu Yu, the Yongchang Mausoleum did not escape the hands of the folk tomb robbers.

During the late Song and early Yuan Dynasties, it can be described as a godsend opportunity for tomb robbers.At that time, the court of the Song Dynasty was in jeopardy, and the power of the Jin Dynasty had been overwhelmed by the Yuan Dynasty, and the most powerful Yuan Dynasty at that time was fighting everywhere to gain the domination of the whole country.At this time, the imperial mausoleum can be said that the aunt does not love, the grandma does not love, and no one cares.Zhu Qimian had precisely identified this opportunity to strike.

Zhu Qimian was quite experienced among the tomb robbers. He saw that almost all the ancient tombs around Luoyang had been robbed.After pondering over and over again, he decided to steal and excavate the Yongchang Mausoleum of Song Shizu Zhao Kuangyin.After a detailed survey, he formulated a plan to rob and excavate the Yongchang Mausoleum, and led his men to successfully open the underground palace and enter the tomb.Although the Yongchang Mausoleum was ransacked by Liu Yu, Liu Yu did not open Zhao Kuangyin's coffin. Therefore, when Zhu Qilian saw the coffin on the stone bed that was safe as before, he felt ecstasy in his heart.

Zhu Qilian ordered his subordinates to open the coffin, and countless valuable funerary objects caught the eyes of the tomb robbers.When the tomb robbers collected all the funerary objects covering Zhao Kuangyin's body, the body of the founding emperor who had been a soldier and horse was exposed in front of people.Although hundreds of years have passed, due to proper anti-corrosion measures, Zhao Kuangyin's body has not decomposed, as if he is still alive.A crystal clear jade belt was tied around his waist. The experienced Zhu Qilian knew it was a priceless treasure at a glance, so he tried every means to get this jade belt.However, due to the stiffness of the corpse, Song Taizu was relatively large and fat, and the space in the coffin was relatively small. Zhu Qilian and his companions tried various methods but failed to move Zhao Kuangyin's body to take the jade belt.

Finally, Zhu Qilian thought of a way. He put a belt around Taizu's neck and tied one end around his waist. He straddled the corpse, trying to use the strength of his waist to pull the corpse up.This method really worked, as soon as Zhu Qilian exerted his strength, Zhao Kuangqi's body was pulled up.The moment Zhao Kuangyin "sat" up, the corpse's mouth suddenly opened, and a stream of black ejaculation sprayed out, spraying onto Zhu Qilian's face impartially.Zhu Qi was so shocked that he lost his mind, he thought it was the venom of the anti-theft, but after a long time, he had no symptoms of poisoning, so he gradually felt relieved.But after the black mucus stuck to the face, it couldn't be washed off no matter what, so the name "Zhu Qilian" spread, and as time passed, people gradually forgot his original name.

This is a special kind of corpse poison legend in history books.So what is going on here?It is said that in order to embalm, the ancients often took highly toxic drugs before death, which helped preserve the body.This highly toxic drug will corrode the entire internal organs in the human body, turning it into a liquid and staying in the body.When a tomb robber moves the corpse, the body is squeezed, and the liquid will spray out from the mouth, which will burn the skin of the person, forming the so-called "red face."

Evil Monks from the Western Regions Steal the Imperial Tomb

The Southern Song Dynasty was the Pian'an Dynasty established by the subjugated king of the Northern Song Dynasty.In May 1127 AD, Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan). It lasted 5 years until 1279 AD when Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with the young emperor Zhao Bing (bǐng) on ​​his back.There are only six imperial tombs left outside Wuyun Gate in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.The last three emperors only lived for six years, and all of them died tragically.Six of them were buried in Baoshan, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, namely, the Yongsi Mausoleum of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, the Yongfu Mausoleum of Song Xiaozong Zhao Yun, the Yongchong Mausoleum of Song Guangzong Zhao Dun, the Yongmao Mausoleum of Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo, and the Yongmul Mausoleum of Song Lizong Zhao Yun. , Song Duzong Zhao Yu's Yongshao Mausoleum.Where are the last three emperors buried?Either fail the exam, or be in a different place.The Six Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty were only used as a "Zangong", that is, Zanji Zigong, a temporary burial place.The first six emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty did not want to regain the Central Plains during their lifetime, but dreamed of being buried in the ancestral mausoleum after death.Therefore, a temporary mausoleum was built in Shaoxing.Moreover, in this temporary group of mausoleums, each mausoleum connects the upper and lower palaces on the same axis, which greatly influenced the imperial mausoleum system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and became a turning point in the ancient Chinese mausoleum system.The emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty also dreamed that one day they could recover the lost land and bury themselves in the ancestral tomb, which is the eight tombs of Gongyi in the Northern Song Dynasty.However, this wish was not realized until the death of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The imperial tombs of the Northern Song Dynasty were stolen and excavated, and the imperial tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty were not spared either.

The imperial tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty were robbed and excavated in the early Yuan Dynasty. This is also the most tragic incident of the tombs of Chinese emperors being robbed.Because the imperial mausoleum of the Southern Song Dynasty was a "Zan Palace", when it was first buried, it was considered to "recover the rivers and mountains" and moved back to the ancestral mausoleum area of ​​Gongyi, Henan, so the coffin was buried relatively shallow, and it was more convenient to steal than the Song Mausoleum in Gongyi.

In history, it is not uncommon for monks to rob graves. However, there is a monk who brought the crime of tomb robbery to the extreme.

Yang Lian Zhenjia, a monk from Tangwu (Dangxiang).In the 14th year of Zhiyuan (AD 1277), he served as the president of the Buddhist capital of Jiangnan in the Yuan Dynasty (later changed to the president of the Buddhist capital of Jianghuai), and was in charge of Buddhist affairs in the south of the Yangtze River.In the following year, with the support of Prime Minister Sang Ge, he robbed Qiantang and Songling Tombs in Shaoxing, stole the treasures in the tombs, and abandoned the bones in the grass.Tang Jue, a native of Shaoxing, and others buried the remains of the emperors with fake bones and buried them in Lanting, planting holly trees as a recognition.Later, Yang Lian Zhenjia took fake bones and mixed them with dry bones of cattle and horses, and built a white pagoda in the Lin'an Imperial Palace to suppress them, named "Zhenben".During the reign of Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, Yang Lianzhenjia, the chief minister of Buddhism in the south of the Yangtze River, and Yunze, the monk of Yanfu Temple, with the support of Prime Minister Sang Ge, dug all the tombs. This was the biggest looting of the six tombs in the south of the Yangtze River.

According to historical records, Yang Lian Zhenjia was good at robbing tombs. Together with the monk Yunze of Yanfu Temple and others, he colluded with Prime Minister Sang Ge and carried out an unprecedented robbery of the six tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty. A total of 101 tombs of Hangzhou, Shaoxing emperors, and ministers were excavated. Thousands of gold and silver jewels.

Yang Lian Zhenjia first opened the knife from the tomb of Zhao Kai, the second son of Emperor Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, King Wei Huixian.Zhao Kai's tomb is behind the Tianyi Temple in Shaoxing. Yang Lian Zhenjia conspired with the treacherous monk Fuwen of Tianyi Temple to openly dig the tomb and steal a large amount of gold, jade and jewelry.

Since Phagsiba was revered as the national teacher by Yuan Shizu, the title of Tibetan eminent monks in Yuan Dynasty has been getting higher and higher.

After the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty promulgated the "Jade Seal of Leading the Buddhist Dayuan National Teacher" to the national teacher, and the printed text was Basiba characters "Commanding the Buddhist Dayuan National Teacher", Yang Lian Zhenjia was out of control, and raised the tomb-robbing tool like a butcher knife, He rushed to the Six Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty aggressively.

"Stop Farming Records" and "Guixin Miscellaneous Knowledge" recorded the robbery process at that time: in September of the 22nd year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1285), Yang Lian Zhenjia and Yunze led the troops to the mausoleum, and the mausoleum envoy Luo Mi tried his best to help him. Fighting against Kailing, Yun Ze drew his sword to force him, but Luo Mian left crying helplessly.This group of gangsters had nothing to fear, and first robbed and excavated the tombs of Ningzong, Lizong and Yang Hou.

From the 22nd year of Yuan Shizu to Yuan (AD 1285), the evil monks Zong Kai and Zong Yun of Taining Temple near the Six Tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty ignored the prohibition of the Song Mausoleum and wantonly felled trees in the mausoleum area, but were stopped by the mausoleum guards of the Southern Song Dynasty.Zong Kai and other unworthy descendants of Sakyamuni even filed a complaint with the government. Instead, they falsely accused the mausoleum guards of occupying the monastery's real estate and demanded protection from the government.Seeing that the time was ripe, Yang Lian Zhenjia, who had already been red-eyed, led a brigade to seal off the mausoleum in the name of mediating disputes.Yang Lianzhenjia and Seng Yunze led the people to flock to the mausoleum, and the mausoleum guard Luo Xian (xǐ) argued hard, but at this time the dynasty had changed, and the world of the Song Dynasty was no longer there.The treacherous monk Yunze and others, the abbot of Yanfu Temple, beat Luo Mian severely, and put a knife on Luo Mian's neck, causing Luo Mian to cry away helplessly.Seeing that the situation was over, the rest of the tomb guards could only watch helplessly as these tyrannical villains openly looted the imperial tomb in broad daylight.

Yang Lian Zhenjia and his gang entered the tomb and looted a large number of rare treasures. Not to mention, they split open the coffin and snatched the gold, silver, pearls and jade buried in the coffin.

Among them, the scene where Li Zong Yongmuling was stolen was appalling.

Lizong reigned for 30 years and was the longest reigning emperor in the Southern Song Dynasty.When the thieves opened the lid of Lizong's coffin, a gust of white air rushed out, and Lizong was seen sleeping peacefully, surrounded by jewels and jewels.There were several layers of brocade mattresses under his body, and a fine silk cover was placed under the mattress. A villain dragged out the corpse, picked up the silk cover and threw it on the ground with a loud noise. It turned out that it was woven with gold thread.The monks pried open Lizong's teeth, took out the night pearl that Lizong held in his mouth, hung Lizong's body upside down on a big tree, and poured out all the mercury in his stomach.Yang Lian Zhenjia brutally cut off Lizong's head with a knife, and took off the skull to make his own night urinal for use.It was not until Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict after he entered the Yuan Palace that Zhao Yun's skull could finally be buried in Yongmu Mausoleum.

On November 1285, 11 AD, Yang Lian Zhenjia robbed and excavated the Yongyou Tomb of Huizong Zhaojue, Gaozong Zhaogou's Yongsi Tomb, Xiaozong Zhaoxu's Yongfu Tomb, Guangzong Zhaoting's Yongchong Tomb and Empress Zhaoci, Xian Empress Ren, Empress Xiansu and other emperors and ministers' tombs.A total of 11 places (including the tombs of concubines and ministers) were looted this time. The buried gold, silver and jewels included: the "Ma Wuyu Pen Box" and "Bronze Cooling Rust Pipe" from the Mausoleum of Emperor Gaozong. "Pearl Play Saddle", Guangzong Mausoleum's "Additional White-toothed Comb" and "Fragrant Bone Case", Li Zongling's "Tiger Pillow", "Piercing Cloud Qin", "Jin Lieqing", Du Zongling's "Jade Color rattan silk plate", "Yujingqiong fan handle"; there are also 101 taels of gold, 1700 taels of silver, and 6800 ingots of banknotes.

Yang Lian Zhenjia, who did many crimes, was afraid that the ghosts of Lizong and others in the Southern Song Dynasty would linger. After seven days, he suddenly realized that he sent people to collect the bones of the emperors who had exposed their corpses in the wilderness and buried them in the Forbidden City of the Southern Song Dynasty at the eastern foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Hangzhou. In the ruins, "build a tower to press it, named Zhennan" to show that the town conquered the Southern Song Dynasty.But how did Yang Lian Zhenjia know that the remains of the empresses of the Six Tombs were not buried under the pagoda for no reason. Take it out, hold it in a wooden box, cover it with yellow silk, sign the name of God and the name of the mausoleum on it, and buried it in front of Tianzhang Temple in secret, with a holly tree as a symbol.

It was not until Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict in the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1372 A.D.) that Song Liuling was buried generously. Later generations built a "Shuangyi Temple" next to the imperial tomb to praise Lin Jingxi and Tang Jue for their righteous deeds. Wen Zhengming wrote "Shuangyi Temple" In "Records", Tang Jue and Lin Jingxi are called "great righteous men through the ages".Someone took the holly flower as the theme and created a script to be passed down to later generations.But Yang Lian Zhenjia was scolded through the ages!

Six years had passed since the six tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty were robbed and excavated wildly. As the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, Sang Ge rejected dissidents, corrupted the law, brought disaster to the country and the people, and was sentenced to death by the court.Yang Lian Zhenjia was also questioned by the court and confiscated, and a huge amount of stolen goods were seized, including 1700 taels of gold, 6800 taels of silver, more than 11.6 ingots of banknotes, 2.3 mu of land, and countless jewels and treasures.

The evil monk Yunze was infected with the poisonous bacteria in the tomb during the tomb robbery, and the evil should be rewarded with evil. His "double thighs festered and his ten fingers fell", not long before he was shamefully tortured by the disease and died tragically. retribution.

Fuwen, a treacherous monk, was rich and ruthless, occupied other people's property, and was surrounded and killed by angry farmers.

The evil monks Zong Kai, Zong Yun and Yang Lian Zhenjia had internal strife because of the unequal distribution of spoils, and were beaten to death by Yang Lian Zhenjia.So far, a group of evil monks have gotten what they deserved.

In Chinese history, the Yuan Dynasty was a foreign regime, and the retaliation and suppression of the Han people was unprecedented.The Taoist monk Yang Lian Zhenjia’s intention to rob the Southern Song emperor’s tomb was vicious. Apart from stealing treasures, it had the same meaning as Jin Nianhan’s robbery of the Northern Song emperor’s tomb. It was to insult the Han people and kill the Han people’s will to drive away the Mongols. This was also the meaning of the Yuan Dynasty government. .

(End of this chapter)