Shadow of the Tomb Raider: A Complete Record of the History of Tomb Raiders in China

Chapter 6 The Mystery of Site Selection for "Feng Shui Treasure Land": Tomb Robbery and Feng Shui (1)
There are strange books on feng shui in tombs

Fengshui is originally the technique of geography, that is, the method of checking geography on the spot. It is also called geography, and it was called geomancy in ancient times. It is said that the founder of fengshui is Jiutian Xuannv.The core idea of ​​Fengshui is the harmony between man and nature. Early Fengshui was mainly concerned with the site selection, orientation, and construction methods and principles of palaces, houses, villages, and cemeteries. The original intention was to choose a suitable place.

Our country is a country that pays attention to good and bad Feng Shui.The so-called "Feng Shui Art", also known as "Ganyu Art", is a kind of spell to choose good luck and avoid bad luck according to Feng Shui, terrain, and weather.People who believe in feng shui should ask a feng shui master to calculate auspicious days, measure good and bad luck, and choose auspicious time and place when building a house, choosing a cemetery, going out for business, even building a stove or digging a well.Chinese people of all dynasties believed in this deeply, and Feng Shui theory has endured for a long time.

The term "Feng Shui" that has a profound influence on China first appeared in a book called "The Burial Sutra": "Qi rides on the wind and then disperses, and boundary water stops. , so it’s called Fengshui.” It may be said to be mysterious and mysterious, but this is the first time the word “fengshui” was proposed, and it has guided an academic and systematic path for Chinese superstition.

According to legend, Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty was the author of "The Burial Sutra".Guo Pu (pú) (276-324 A.D.), courtesy name Jingchun, was born in Wenxi County, Hedong (now Wenxi County, Shanxi Province), the son of Guo Yuan, the prefect of Jianping in the Western Jin Dynasty.A famous scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is not only a writer and exegesis, but also a master of Taoism and mathematics and the ancestor of Youxian poetry.Guo Pu once annotated ancient books such as "Book of Changes", "Shan Hai Jing", "Biography of Mu Tianzi", "Dialect" and "Chu Ci", and Guo Pu's annotations can be found everywhere in "Ci Hai" or "Ci Yuan".Guo Pu's representative works are the fourteen poems of "You Xian Poems" and "Fu Jiang".Although most of the works involve metaphysics, the diction is gorgeous, the realm is expanded, and the ups and downs (lǎn) are chanting, which is completely different from the metaphysics poems at that time. "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" contains seventeen volumes of collections, and Ming people compiled "Guo Hongnong Collection".In addition, there is another saying that the author of the "Funeral Sutra" is Mr. Qingwu of the Han Dynasty.Mr. Qingwu, you can tell at a glance that it is not his real name.

Today, we have been unable to verify who the real author of the "Burying Sutra" is, but judging from the handed down part of the "Burying Sutra", it is a monograph on the selection of cemeteries, and it introduces various land features in detail , and enumerates the specific methods for judging good and bad, which is the ancestor of Chinese Fengshui theory and opened up Chinese Fengshui culture.

Many ideas put forward in the ancient book "The Burial Sutra" guided the selection of tomb sites for later generations, and had an extremely far-reaching impact.For example, when it comes to the issue of "sitting orientation", it is believed that the sitting orientation directly affects the good or bad luck of the tomb, and the sitting orientation determines Yin and Yang, and if Yin and Yang are missing, it will be a thousand miles away.

The most important idea in the "Funeral Sutra" is "choice", that is, how to choose good or bad, high or low.Many tombs in later generations were selected according to the good and bad luck proposed in the "Burying Sutra".

The "Burying Sutra" says that "land is expensive and flat", which means that the cemetery is best chosen in a flat place.In China, generally small and medium-sized tombs are located on flat land, of course because it is easy to build tombs on flat land.However, once the "Burying Sutra" came out, it seems to have become a customary practice to build a tomb on the ground.Under normal circumstances, civilian burials are built on flat ground.The reason for saying this is because some people's tombs are not built on flat land, that is, the tombs of emperors and high-level tombs of some nobles.

"Mountains are precarious, and there are places where French burials will... Those buried in dryness should be shallow, and those hidden in Tanyi should be deep." This is about the burial depth of tombs in the mountains.If the tomb is located in a dry place, it can be buried shallower; if it is located in a flat place in the mountains, it should be buried deeper.At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the tomb of Li Maozhen, the warlord who was named the King of Qin, is located in Beipo Park, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, 2.5 kilometers away from the urban area, surrounded by low hills.The place where Li Maozhen's tomb is located is a flat place on the top of the mountain, which is exactly the "Tanyi" place mentioned in the "Funeral Sutra".To be buried in this kind of place requires deep digging of the tomb. The tomb of Li Maozhen’s tomb is more than 20 meters deep from the surface, and the depth is appropriate. Only in this way can "Feng Shui be formed by itself".

In ancient times, the tombs of many emperors and nobles were located in the mountains, so the "Burying Sutra" has a very detailed discussion on how to choose the tomb sites in the mountains.The book clearly mentions the "law of burial in the mountain".Mountains have peaks and valleys, so should the tomb be built on the top of the mountain or in the valley? "If you are in the middle of the valley. The bones of the hills and ridges. The branches of the hills and hills. Wherever the qi follows, the branches want to lie in the ground, and the ridges want to stand on the ground. When the ridges stop, they are as flat as a palm. Therefore, the branches are buried at the top. The ridges want to stand on the ground. Bury at its foot." That is to say, if the site is selected on a mountain range, it should be built on the ridge; if the site is selected in a valley, it should not be built at the lowest point of the valley, but should be built on the mountainside.The site selection of the tomb of Princess Chen of the Liao Dynasty just confirmed this principle of site selection for tombs.The tomb of Princess Chen, located in the valley of Longshan Town, Naiman Banner, Tongliao City, eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is a typical example, where the mountains are winding, and the tomb of Princess Chen is located in the valley of Longshan. In 1985, archaeologists discovered the unique blue bricks of the tombs of the Liao Dynasty at the foot of the Longshan Valley. After investigation, they were confirmed to be a noble tomb of the Liao Dynasty.The place where his tomb is located is a typical representative of "burial at its foot".

The next question is, what kind of mountain is suitable for building a mausoleum?Which mountain is more suitable for building a tomb? It is said in the "Burial Sutra" that "if it is broken and continued, if it goes and stays, it is strange and different, and it is hard to find a thousand gold", which means that after the mountain range is broken, it continues to rise and fall, extending far away, but winding and winding. After all, this peculiar mountain is regarded as a geomantic treasure, and it is hard to find a thousand gold.It is also said that "with lush vegetation, auspiciousness follows, inside and outside, it may or may not be", which means that there is auspiciousness in places with lush vegetation.Of course, the peculiar mountain is only one aspect of it. If there is a stream passing through the mountain, it is the best. "Mountains come and rivers return, life and wealth are precious".There is a saying: mountains are expensive, and water is rich.That is to say, only when there is flowing water passing through the mountains can the life and wealth of the descendants be increased.This is why the mausoleums of the emperors of all dynasties are chosen in places with mountains behind and water in front.The Zhaoling Mausoleum of Tang Taizong Li Shimin, who created the rule of Zhenguan, is located in Jiuyi Mountain in Guanzhong. Place.Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty came to Jiuyi Mountain for the first time, and he was attracted by the mountain topography here. He immediately decreed that Jiuyi Mountain should be his resting place after a hundred years.The location of the ancestral mausoleum of Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji, according to historical records, is also in a geomantic treasure land with mountains, valleys, springs and streams. After archaeological investigation, it was finally determined that the Liao Zu Mausoleum is located in Hadayingge Township, Bahrain Left Banner, Inner Mongolia. In the mountains to the northwest of Shifang Village, the stone statues, stone walls and other relics left on the surface are surrounded by mountains.

When a person is alive, the home is a place of rest. After death, the tomb is the eternal resting place of the soul. It is necessary to choose carefully, not only the place of burial, but also the time of burial.These geomantic omens are not fabricated by the ancestors. They are born of the cultural accumulation of the Chinese nation for thousands of years and last forever.

Ancient Chinese emperors attached great importance to the location of mausoleums. Why do you say that?First of all, for the emperor himself, choosing an auspicious place for ten thousand years is a big wish. He hopes to continue to enjoy the glory and wealth of the empire and the majesty of the emperor after his death, and hopes that his majesty can continue in another world.Secondly, for the entire royal family, this is a major matter related to the prosperity of the dragon veins, so we have to be cautious.In the end, it is also a major event in political life for the country as a whole, and it is an important responsibility of the government.Generally speaking, the government will set up a special agency responsible for repairing the emperor's tomb. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, the Ministry of Industry was mainly responsible, and the ministers in charge were mainly cabinet ministers.Presiding over the mausoleum repair project is not only an honor, but also a manifestation of being trusted and reused by the emperor. The presiding officer will reap good harvests in many aspects such as politics and economy.

There is an old saying in China: Born in Suzhou and Hangzhou, buried in Beimang.It means that the Suzhou and Hangzhou area is a paradise on earth and is most suitable for living in; while Mangshan Mountain in Luoyang has gathered the tombs of emperors and generals since ancient times and is most suitable for living in caves.Beiman is Mang Mountain in the northern suburbs of Luoyang City, Henan Province today.It is also known as Beimang, that is, Mang Mountain, also known as Jiashan and Beishan.It starts from Sanmenxia Gate in the west and ends at the bank of Yiluo River in the east.In the northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province today.It used to be said that this mountain is the tail of Longshan Mountain, and it is the general name of all the mountains, with a stretch of more than 400 miles.Since King Zhi of Yang of Chengyang in Eastern Han Dynasty was buried here, it became the burial place of the three princes and ministers.Later, it is generally called the cemetery.

Since the founding of New China, through many archaeological investigations and excavations in Luoyang area, nine large cemeteries have been discovered in Mangshan Mountain: Dongzhou Mausoleum District in Sanshan Village in the western suburbs, Chengling District in Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Dongzhou Mausoleum District in Jincun Village in the eastern suburbs, Hanling District in Mangshan Mountain, Mangshan Northern Wei Mausoleum District, Yanshi Wanan Shandong Hanling District, Yanshi Shouyang Shanxi Jinling District, Yanshi Cao Wei Mausoleum District, Yanshi Jingshan Tang Dynasty Mausoleum District.As described in the poems of the Tang Dynasty, "There is little free land on the top of Beiman Mountain, but there are old tombs of Luoyang people." There are royal tombs everywhere in Langshan Mountain.

The Chinese believe that the quality of feng shui in the cemetery is directly related to the welfare of future generations, and if it is the location of the emperor's tomb, it will also involve the prosperity and decline of the country and the common people.

According to legend, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty and Li Zhi ordered his minister, Changsun Wuji, to choose a place for him to settle down a hundred years later.After some investigation, Changsun Wuji chose Liangshan, which has a towering main peak and is surrounded by two rivers.But this proposal was opposed by Yuan Tiangang, a famous astrologer at that time.Yuan Tiangang believed that Liangshan was separated from Jiuyi Mountain where Emperor Taizong's Zhaoling Mausoleum was located, which blocked the inheritance of the royal family's dragon veins. Therefore, the three generations of the Li and Tang dynasties were afraid that the country would be destroyed.The north peak of Liangshan itself is the highest, and the entire mountain shape looks like a young woman lying flat. If the emperor is buried here, I am afraid that the Li and Tang Dynasties will be controlled by women.However, Tang Gaozong did not listen to Yuan Tianshi's opinion, and finally built the mausoleum on Liangshan.Later, Wu Zetian took over the Tang Dynasty and established the Wuzhou regime, which just confirmed Yuan Tianshi's original prophecy.

Although this legend is based on later generations' speculation about Wu Zetian's proclaiming the emperor, it shows from the negative side that the ancients believed that the geomantic omen of the emperor's mausoleum was related to the development of the country and even history.

It is precisely because the ancient Chinese attached great importance to burials that the theory of feng shui in tombs came into being, and it was against this background that the "Burying Sutra" came into being.However, when the ancestors chose the cemetery through Fengshui, they also told the tomb robbers of later generations from another angle that there is a tomb here.It seems that there is no silver 300 taels here.Thousands of years later, when the tombs of those once prominent figures were robbed and their corpses were left in the wilderness, they might not be able to imagine that the tomb site, which was regarded as a geomantic treasure at that time, would be robbed and destroyed by later generations. If they knew it underground, Will definitely regret the original choice.

Famous ministers transfer packages to fight for the cemetery

The ancients attached great importance to the feng shui of the cemetery, and they wanted cemeteries with good feng shui. In this process, it is inevitable that there will be disputes between two cemeteries in one cemetery.And this situation once appeared between Dongfang Shuo, a famous minister of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che (156 BC ~ 87 BC), Zitong, the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty, Han nationality, a great statesman, strategist, poet, and national hero in ancient China.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the tenth son of Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, and his mother was the queen Wang Zhi.Born in Chang'an in 7 BC, died in Wuzha Palace in 156 BC at the age of 87.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was canonized as the king of Jiaodong when he was 69 years old, and he was canonized as the prince at the age of 4. He ascended the throne at the age of 7 and reigned for 15 years (54 BC-141 BC), establishing the most brilliant achievements of the Western Han Dynasty.Previous reign titles: Jianyuan, Yuanguang, Yuanshuo, Yuanshou, Yuanding, Yuanfeng, Taichu, Tianhan, Taishi, Zhenghe, Houyuan.Posthumously titled "Xiaowu", he was buried in Maoling.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a very accomplished emperor in history. Mao Zedong ranked him with Qin Shihuang: "The Emperor of Qin and Han Wu lost a little bit of literary talent."It can be seen that the influence of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was still great.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was extremely powerful during his lifetime, and he was also magnificent after his death.After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was buried in Maoling. Maoling is surrounded by Jiuyi Mountain in the north and Zhongnan Mountain in the south. It has magnificent buildings and beautiful scenery. The mausoleum itself is a high mound.The sacrificial objects in the tomb are extremely luxurious and rich, and it is said in history that "money and property, birds, beasts, fish and turtles, cattle, horses, tigers, leopards, and poultry, all one hundred and ninety things are hidden away."At that time, there were worship halls, sleeping halls, and houses for maids and tomb guards in the cemetery. There were 5000 people here to manage the cemetery, responsible for watering trees, sweeping and other errands, and Maoling County was built in the southeast of Maoling. , many ministers of civil and military affairs, and wealthy families moved here, with a population of more than 27.7.So far, the earth gates on the east, west and north sides of Maoling still exist, and there are still the tombs of Mrs. Li, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Huo Guang and others in the accompanying tombs of the Zhou Dynasty.It is the largest, longest built, and richest in funeral objects among the imperial tombs of the Han Dynasty. It is known as the "Pyramid of China".

Why did Maoling become the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty?This is related to a legend.

Legend has it that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who came to the throne not long ago, was immediately attracted by the Fengshui here when he passed the Maoling Tomb site while hunting.Just as he was admiring, a unicorn-shaped animal came towards him. He was so happy that he immediately took a bow and shot an arrow. With a whoosh sound, the sharp arrow roared out.With the archery technique of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there should be no suspense in hitting the prey, but unexpectedly, the unicorn-shaped animal disappeared, but a long-lived fruit tree suddenly grew.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't know why, so he immediately asked Dongfang Shuo, the then Fengshui master.Dongfang Shuo came to the place where Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was hunting, but he saw that the land was flat and endless, with the Qinling Mountains in the south and mountains in the north, the weather was open and the air veins were excellent.He immediately shouted at Baodi: "This place gathers the breath, and Fengshui is the most auspicious place in thousands of years. Moreover, it is connected with the mausoleums in the north of the Weibei, so the west and north dragon veins are connected. In addition, the "soil" of this place is prosperous. The 'Che' in your name has soil in the middle, and if you live here, you can shake it in all directions."

Longyan Dayue, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, immediately ordered to build a pavilion here.After returning to the palace, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty ordered the construction of a mausoleum here.It took 53 years to build the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty before it was finally completed.Although the location of the mausoleum is accidental, it also reflects the wish of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to live a long life and hope for good luck for thousands of years.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty chose such a geomantic treasure, his wish was partially realized.The reason why it is said that his wish was partially fulfilled is because only his dream of longevity was realized, and the wish of the Han Dynasty to extend to descendants was not realized.Soon after his death, his grave was dug up by tomb robbers, and the Western Han Dynasty fell soon.This feng shui treasure is not so magical, it can even be said to be very bad. At this time, we have to suspect that Dongfang Shuo made a mistake in his judgment.

In fact, there is another legend supporting this event.

According to legend, Dongfang Shuo also wanted to use it as his resting place a hundred years later after seeing such a treasured land of geomantic omen, but the emperor liked it, so what should he do?So, he came up with a subcontracting plan, which took up Maoling's feng shui.It turned out that when Dongfang Shuo showed Liu Che the mausoleum site, he found that the geomantic omen here was really good.In order to make his descendants prosper, he deliberately moved the Maoling site upwards for a section without telling the truth to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and left the real treasure land to himself. In order to find this treasure land smoothly in the future, he planted a small tree here Trees as markers.

This is a big secret, and this secret even determined the rise and fall of the entire Western Han Dynasty.Therefore, Dongfang Shuo kept this secret in his heart all the time, and he called his son to him before he died and told him: "After I die, you can find a tree at the place next to Maoling Mausoleum, and that tree It has been more than 60 years. After you find it, you must bury me there, remember! Remember!" After finishing speaking, he died.

Dongfang Shuo's son found the tree according to his last words, and buried him there according to his wishes.After Dongfang Shuo was buried in the treasure cave, the tomb grew crazily. On the second day, the tomb grew five feet taller, and on the third day, it grew another five feet taller.According to this speed, it will soon be higher than Maoling.The god couldn't see it anymore, picked up a stone and threw it at his grave, the grave was suppressed and no longer grew.Later, people called the tomb of Dongfang Shuo "Shizhong", and said that the geomantic omen here is indeed better than that of Maoling, where you can "see Chang'an while lying down" in Maoling, but you can only "see Chang'an while sitting" in Maoling. .

The heroic and mighty Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty might not have thought that the geomantic treasure land he was optimistic about during his lifetime would be taken by his courtier Dongfang Shuo, but at this time, he was beyond his reach.

A sounding arrow fixed the imperial mausoleum
Starting from Gongyi City, Henan Province, walk 40 miles southwest along the Zhengluo Highway, and then walk southward for about seven or eight miles, and you will arrive at a place called "Longwa".Here, there are terraces and strata all around, clusters of green hills in the distance, and a plain in the middle.Just on this Pingchuan, there is an ancient mausoleum raised high. It is the "Song Zu" mentioned in Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun·Snow" - the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin. His cemetery - "Yongchang Mausoleum".

Yongchang Mausoleum leads the tombs of the Northern Song emperors - Song Mausoleum.The entire Songling District is not small in scale, scattered in the urban area of ​​Gongyi and the three towns of Zhitian, Xicun, and Huiguo under its jurisdiction.Seven emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty were buried here (except Emperor Zheng and Emperor Qin who were captured and died in the North), namely Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Yongchang Mausoleum, Taizong Zhao Guangyi Yongxi Mausoleum, Zhenzong Zhao Heng Yongding Mausoleum, Renzong Zhao Zhen Yongzhao Mausoleum, Yingzong Zhao Shu Yonghou Tomb, Shenzong Zhao Xu Yongyu Tomb, Zhezong Zhao Xu Yongtai Tomb, and Zhao Kuangyin’s father Zhao Hongyin’s Yongan Tomb are collectively referred to as the "Seven Emperors and Eight Tombs". There are also tombs of concubines and heroes such as Bao Zheng and Kou Zhun. It is a huge group of mausoleums.

Kaifeng was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Why was the mausoleum built in Gongyi, far away from the capital?This has to start with Zhao Kuangyin, the founding king.

(End of this chapter)