Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 2 Zhou Ji's three divisions (1)
[Original text]

The 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou
At the beginning, Zhixuanzi will take Yao as his queen.Zhiguo said: "It's not as good as Xiaoye. Five of Yao's talents are worse than others, and one person is not good at it. If you have beautiful temples, you will be a virtuous person. If you have good archery and foot power, you will be a virtuous person. If you have mastered tricks, you will be a virtuous person. You will be a virtuous person if you are skillful and intelligent. If you are strong, resolute and courageous, you will be virtuous, and if you are like this, you will be very inhumane. If you use your five virtuous people, but do it with inhumanity, who can treat him? If the fruit makes Yao, Zhizong will be destroyed." Listen, don't be wise. The family Yu Taishi is the auxiliary family.The son of Zhao Jianzi, the elder is Bolu, and the younger is Wuxie.I don't know where to stand.He wrote the words of precepts in the two slips, and taught the two sons: "Know it carefully." After asking for three years, Bolu couldn't cite his words, but if he asked for the slips, he had lost it.Ask Wuxie, he is very familiar with reciting his words, ask for its simplicity, and play it out of his sleeves.So Jian Zi regarded the lack of shirts as a virtuous person, and made him his future.Jianzi made Yin Duo Jinyang.Please ask: "Do you think it is cocoon silk? Is it for security?" Jian Zi said: "Security!" Yin Duo lost his number of households.

【Translation】

The 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC)
At the beginning, Zhixuanzi planned to make Zhiyao his successor.Zhiguo, a member of the clan, said: "It's not as good as Li Zhixiao. Because Zhiyao has five points of merit compared with others, but he has one disadvantage. He has a beautiful beard and is tall. He is a virtuous man; he is good at archery and powerful in driving. Sages; outstanding skills, outstanding talents, are the three sages; skillful in diction, good at eloquence, are the four sages; strong and decisive, resolute and brave, are the five sages. Although he has such talents, he has no heart of benevolence. If He uses these five kinds of virtuous abilities to control others, and he does it with a heart of inhumanity, who can bear it? If Zhiyao is established as the queen, the Zhi clan will be wiped out." Zhixuanzi ignored this.In order to avoid disaster, Zhiguo changed his family to Fushi.The eldest son of Zhao Jianzi, the doctor of the State of Zhao, was named Bolu, and the youngest son was named Wuxie.Zhao Jianzi didn't know which one would be the better successor, so he wrote the daily admonitions on two bamboo slips and handed them to his two sons respectively, and said: "Remember these words carefully!" After three years, Zhao Jianzi called his two sons and asked them about the content on the bamboo slips.The eldest son Bolu couldn't tell, so he asked him to take out the bamboo slips, but he said they had already lost them.Zhao Jianzi asked his younger son Wuxie again, and he skillfully recited the words on the bamboo slips, and asked him where the bamboo slips were, and he immediately took them out of his sleeve and presented them.Through this incident, Zhao Jianzi thought that there was no one worthy of him, so he made him his successor.Zhao Jianzi sent Yin Duo to govern Jinyang, and Yin Duo asked for instructions: "Are you going to let me search for wealth like a cocoon, or build it as a barrier?" Zhao Jianzi said: "Build it as a barrier." Yin Duo went Organize household registration, reduce the number of tax-paying households, and reduce the burden on the people.

[Original text]

Jianzi said that Wuxie said: "There are difficulties in the state of Jin, but Yin Duo is not the least, and Jinyang is far away, and he must return." And Zhixuanzi died, Zhixiangzi was in charge, and had a banquet with Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi blue table.Zhi Bo played Kang Zi and insulted Duan Gui. Zhi Guo heard about it and remonstrated, "If the Lord is not prepared for difficulties, they will surely come!" "No way. "Xiashu" has it: "One person loses three times, how can the resentment lie in the light, and it is not a picture." Husbands and gentlemen can work hard on small things, so there is no major trouble. Today, the Lord has a feast and shames the king, and he is not prepared to say Don’t dare to make troubles, nothing is impossible! Ants, ants, bees, and gnats can all harm people, and it’s more like you!” Fu listened.

Zhibo asked Han Kangzi for land, and Kangzi wanted to give it to him.Duan Gui said: "Uncle Zhi is fond of profit but is stubborn. If he doesn't give it to him, he will cut me down. It's better to give it to him. If he wants to gain land, he must invite others; if others don't give it to him, he will attack him with soldiers. Then I will be free from danger." But wait for things to change." Kang Zi said: "Good." The envoy sent the emissary to the city of ten thousand families to Zhibo, and Zhibo was pleased.He also asked Wei Huanzi for land, and Huanzi wanted to give it to him.Ren Zhang said: "Why don't you give me?" Huanzi said: "There is no reason to ask for land, so I don't want to give it." Ren Zhang said: "If you ask for land without reason, all the officials will be afraid; the land I gave, the wise man will be proud. He is proud. If you underestimate the enemy, you will go on a blind date in fear. Treat those who underestimate the enemy with a blind date, and Zhi's life will not last long. "Book of Zhou" says: "If you want to defeat, you must help him; if you want to capture, you must aunt With it.' The Lord is better to be proud of Zhi Bo, and then you can choose to make friends with Zhi Zhi. But why do you only take me as Zhi Zhi's quality!"

【Translation】

Zhao Jianzi said to his son Wuxie: "If there is trouble in Jin, don't think that Yin Duo's status is low, don't think that Jinyang is far away, you must rely on him." After the death of Zhixuanzi, Zhixiang's son Zhiyao When he succeeded to the throne, he had a banquet with Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi at the Lantai.During the banquet, Zhixiangzi teased Han Kangzi and humiliated Duangui, the prime minister of the country.When Zhiyao's vassal, Zhiguo, heard about this, he warned: "My lord, if you don't take precautions against disasters, disasters will definitely come!" When disasters come and go, who would dare to make waves?" Zhiguo said: "It's not what you said. There is a saying in "Xiashu": "When a person makes mistakes repeatedly, people's resentment is often restrained from showing it, so we must Be cautious when it is not obvious.' A virtuous person must be cautious about small things in order to avoid big disasters. Now the lord offended the king and the minister of the country at a banquet, and he did not take precautions afterwards, and said that others did not If you dare to stir up trouble, I’m afraid it won’t work! Mosquitoes, ants, bees, and scorpions can all harm people, let alone the king or the prime minister!” Zhiyao refused to listen.

Zhiyao asked Han Kangzi to cede the land, but Han Kangzi didn't want to give it.Duan Gui said: "Zhiyao is greedy for money and profit, and he is self-willed. If he doesn't give him the land, he will definitely attack us. Why don't we give it to him? When he gets the land, he will become more arrogant and ask others for it; if others don't give it to him, He will definitely fight against each other. In this way, we can avoid disaster and wait for the opportunity." Han Kangzi said, "Good idea." He sent envoys to see Zhiyao and agreed to give a piece of land with ten thousand households. Zhiyao was overjoyed when the land was ceded to him.Sure enough, he asked Wei Huanzi to cede the land, but Wei Huanzi planned not to give it to him.Ren Zhang asked: "Why not give it?" Wei Huanzi said: "He came to ask for the land for no reason, so he didn't give it." Ren Zhang said: "Zhiyao forcibly seized other people's territory for no reason, and other officials will be afraid. , we promise to give, he will be proud. He despises the enemy because of pride, and we unite with each other because of fear. If we use a united team to deal with the proud Zhiyao, Zhishi's fate will not last long. "Book of Zhou" Said: "If you want to defeat the enemy, let's obey him first; if you want to win the enemy's benefits, let's give him some benefits first." The lord might as well agree to Zhiyao's request first, so as to encourage his arrogance, and then we can choose allies to deal with it together. Zhishi, why should you become Zhiyao's target alone!"

[Original text]

Huanzi said: "Good." He returned to the city of ten thousand families.Zhibo also asked Zhao Xiangzi for the land of Cai and Gaolang, and Xiangzi Fu gave it to him.Zhibo was furious, and ordered Han and Wei Zhijia to attack the Zhao family.Xiangzi was about to go out and said: "Where am I going?" The follower said: "The eldest son is near, and the city is complete." The follower said: "The warehouse in Handan is real." Xiangzi said: "The anointing of the people is real, and they are killed because of it. Who will be with me! It is Jinyang, and the former master belongs to it. Yin Duo If it is lenient, the people will be at peace." He went to Jinyang.

The three families are surrounded and filled with the people of the country, and the city is not soaked in three editions.Shen Zao produces frogs, and the people have no intention of rebellion.Zhibo travels in the water, Wei Huanzi drives, Han Kangzi rides.Zhibo said: "I now know that water can destroy a country." Huanzi elbowed Kangzi, and Kangzi walked on Huanzi's tarsus. The Fen River can irrigate Anyi, and the Jiangshui can irrigate Pingyang.Zhe said to Zhibo, "Han and Wei will turn against each other." Zhibo said, "How do you know this?" Zhai said, "You know it from people and things. If you attack Zhao from the soldiers of Han and Wei, Zhao will die. It is difficult to reach Han and Wei." Wei Yi. Today, it is agreed to win Zhao and divide the land into three parts. If the city is not lost, there will be three parts. People and horses will eat each other. The city will fall in a day, but the second son has no ambitions and worries. What is right and wrong?"

【Translation】

Wei Huanzi said: "Good." So he also ceded a piece of land with a population of [-] households to Zhiyao.Zhiyao asked Zhao Xiangzi for the two lands of Cai and Gaolang.Zhao Xiangzi rejected him.Zhiyao was furious and led the troops of Han and Wei to attack the Zhao family.Zhao Xiangzi was about to go out to take refuge, and asked, "Where should I escape?" The followers suggested: "The eldest son city is the closest, and the city wall is strong and complete." Zhao Xiangzi said: "The people are exhausted to repair the city wall, and they have to sacrifice their lives. Go to death to defend me, who can be with me?" The entourage said: "The warehouse in Handan City is full." Zhao Xiangzi said: "The warehouse is filled by searching for the people's fat and people's anointing, and because the warehouse is full, the people are killed. Do you agree with me? Let’s go to Jinyang, which is the land of the former lord, and Yin Duo treats the people generously, and the people will definitely help us in the same boat.” So Zhao Xiangzi fled to Jinyang.

The three families of Zhiyao, Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi surrounded Jinyang and poured water into the city.There were only six feet above the water on the top of the city wall, the pots and stoves were submerged in the water, and the frogs were jumping around, but none of the people had the heart to rebel.Zhiyao inspected the water, Wei Huanzi drove for him, and Han Kangzi guarded on the right with a spear.Zhiyao said: "I just learned today that water can be the country of the dead!" Wei Huanzi touched Han Kangzi with his elbow, and Han Kangzi also stepped on the back of Wei Huanzi's foot - because Fenshui can irrigate Wei's capital Chengan. Yi, Jiangshui can also irrigate Pingyang, the capital of South Korea!The counselor of the Zhi family, Zhen, said to Zhi Yao: "The Han and Wei families must rebel." Zhi Yao asked, "How do you know?" The troops of the Wei family came to besiege the Zhao family, and the Zhao family was destroyed. Then the disaster will inevitably come to the Han and Wei families. We agreed that after the Zhao family is destroyed, the three families will divide their land. Now, Jinyang City is only six feet away from the The water is submerged, the food in the city is exhausted, horses are already being slaughtered for food, and the city is about to be broken. However, these two people not only did not have happy expressions, but instead looked worried. If this is not rebellion, what is it?"

[Original text]

Tomorrow, Uncle Zhi told his two sons with flawed words, and the second son said: "This husband is slanderous and wants to lobby for the Zhao family, making the master suspicious of the two families and slack in attacking the Zhao family. Otherwise, the husband and the two families will not be in a good position to divide the Zhao family." Do you want to do something that cannot be done in danger?" The two sons went out, and when they entered, they said, "Why did the master tell the two sons what the minister said?" Zhibo said, "How do you know it?" Confrontation: "The minister sees his eyes. When a minister is in trouble and becomes ill, it is because the minister understands his feelings." Zhi Bo was not disappointed.Please make Yu Qi the defect.

Zhao Xiangzi sent Zhang Mengtanqian out to see the two sons, saying: "I heard that my lips are dead, and my teeth will be cold. Now Zhibo is in command of Han and Wei to attack Zhao. When Zhao is dead, Han and Wei will be next." The second son said: "I know it in my heart, and if I am afraid that things will not come to fruition, if I plan to vent, it will cause disaster." Zhang Meng said: "If you try to get out of the mouth of the two masters, and into the ears of the ministers, why hurt it?" The second son Naiqian and Zhang Meng Tan made an appointment and sent him for the date.At night, Xiangzi sent people to kill the officials guarding the embankment, and flooded Zhibo's army with water.Zhibo's army rescued the water and caused chaos. Han and Wei Yi attacked them.So he killed Zhibo and wiped out the Zhi clan.Only auxiliary fruit is there.

【Translation】

The next day, Zhiyao told Han and Wei what Zhen had said.The two said in unison: "This must be the villain trying to lobby for the Zhao family, so that you will doubt our two families, so as to relax your attack on the Zhao family. Don't believe this. How can our two families give up? Sooner or later, we will be divided. Zhao’s land, to plot something that is both dangerous and impossible?” After they left, Zai came in and asked, “My lord, why did you tell them what I said?” Zhiyao was astonished. "How did you know?" Jie said, "Just now when the two of them saw me, they looked at me carefully, and then hurried away. It can be seen that they already know that I have read their minds." Zhiyao didn't listen to Bei Despite his persuasion, he still refused to change his mind.Seeing this, he had no choice but to ask for an envoy to the state of Qi.

Zhao Xiangzi sent Zhang Mengtan out of the city secretly to meet Han and Wei, and said: "I heard that when lips are dead, teeth are cold. Now Zhiyao leads Han and Wei to attack the Zhao family. Once the Zhao family dies, they should be killed." It's your two's turn." Han Kangzi and Wei Huanzi said, "We know it will happen; I'm afraid that the plan will be leaked before the matter is finished, and disaster will be imminent." Zhang Mengtan said: " The plan came out of the mouths of the two lords, and it only entered into my ears, so what harm is there?" So they discussed with Zhang Meng in secret, agreed on a date for the incident, and then sent him back to the city.That night, Zhao Xiangzi sent people to kill the officials guarding the embankment of the Zhi army, broke the dike, and let the flood flood Zhiyao's barracks.Zhiyao's army formed a mess to save the water. The Han and Wei armies took the opportunity to attack from both sides. Zhao Xiangzi led his troops to attack from the front and defeated Zhiyao's army. kill.Only Fuguo's family survived.

[Comment and Analysis]

In 453 BC, the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei destroyed the Zhi family and divided the land of Jin into three.Since then, the state of Jin has been divided among Han, Zhao, and Wei.In 403 BC, Emperor Zhou officially recognized the three families as vassals, marking the beginning of the Warring States Period.This "Three Families Divide Jin" tells this story.The smug Zhiyao thought it would be easy to capture the Zhao family, but she didn't consider that the Han and Wei families would cooperate with the Zhao family for their own benefit.When Zhiyao was immersed in the dream of dominating the Jin Kingdom, she became the target of public criticism and ended up with her family ruined and her death.

Wu Qi's knowledge
[Original text]

The 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou
Wu Qi, a Weiren, served in Lu.The people of Qi attacked Lu, and the people of Lu wanted to think that they were generals, so they took Qi's daughter as their wife. The people of Lu were suspicious, so they killed their wives in order to seek generals, and defeated Qi's division.Or the marquis of Lu said: "In the beginning, he participated in the matter. His mother died and he did not go to the funeral. He once participated in it. Now he kills his wife in order to become a king and general. From now on, he is cruel and demeaning. He also has the reputation of defeating the enemy because of the fact that Lu is a small country. , then the feudal lords will follow Lu." Afraid of offending him, he heard of Wei Wenhou's virtuous, and returned home.Wenhou asked Li Ke, and Li Ke said: "Being greedy and lustful, but using troops, Sima Rangju can never pass." So Wenhou thought that he would attack Qin and pull out five cities.When he rises up as a general, he shares food and clothing with the lowest of the soldiers, sleeps without a mat, travels without riding, wraps up food for himself, and shares the labor with the soldiers.Those who died with gangrene started to suck it.The dead mother cried when she heard it.The man said: "My son, I died, and the general sucked his own gangrene, why cry?" The mother said: "That's not true. In the past, Wu Gong sucked his father's gangrene, and his father did not fight back, so he died of the enemy. Today, Duke Wu And sucking his son, I don't know what happened to his death, so I cry."

【Translation】

The 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou Dynasty (403 BC)
Wu Qi, a native of the state of Wei, was an official in the state of Lu.Qi State attacked Lu State, and Lu State wanted to appoint Wu Qi as a general, but Wu Qi's wife was from Qi State, so Lu State was a little worried about Wu Qi.Wu Qi killed his wife to become a general, and led his army to defeat the Qi army.Someone slandered Wu Qi in front of the Marquis of Lu, saying: "Wu Qi once studied under Zeng Shen, and he did not go to mourning when his mother died. Zeng Shen cut off ties with him because of this; Send a wife. Wu Qi is a cruel villain! Besides, it may not be a good thing for a small country of Lu to defeat a powerful enemy. With such a reputation, all countries will come together to deal with Lu." Wu Qi knew this and was worried about Lu. The country punishes him for his crimes.Hearing that Marquis Wen of Wei was a wise man, he went to join him.Wei Wenhou asked Li Ke for his opinion on Wu Qi. Li Ke said: "Wu Qi is a man, greedy and lustful, but in terms of fighting with troops, even Sima Rangju, the famous general of Qi State, is not as good as him." So Wei Wenhou appointed Wu Qi as a general and led the troops. He attacked Qin and captured five cities.Wu Qi served as a general of the Wei State, and he ate the same food and clothes as the most inferior soldiers, slept without laying bedding, marched without chariots and horses, and personally packed and carried the food to share the worries and problems of the soldiers.A soldier had a malignant sore, Wu Qi sucked the poison for him.When the soldier's mother heard about it, she burst into tears. Someone asked strangely: "Your son is just a soldier, but the general sucks the sore for him. Why are you crying?" Weeping. General Wu sucked the canker sores for the child’s father back then. His father fought desperately and did not come back. Now, General Wu sucked the canker sores for his son again. I don’t know where his son will die in battle. So I cry what!"

[Original text]

The 15th year of King An of Zhou
Qin conquered Shu and took Nanzheng.Wei Wenhou died, and the crown prince was established as Wuhou.

(End of this chapter)