Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 20 The Han Dynasty: The Banquet of the Hongmen (8)
[Original text]

The first six years of Emperor Xiaozhao of the Han Dynasty.In the early days, Su Wu migrated to the North Sea, but there was not enough food, so he dug wild rats to eat the grass.Zhang Han Jie shepherds the sheep, sits up and handles it, and the festival is completely lost.Wu was in the Han Dynasty, and both Li Ling and Li Ling were servants; Ling surrendered to the Huns and dared not ask for Wu.For a long time, Shan Yu sent the mausoleum to the sea to entertain Wu with wine, because he called Wu and said: "Shan Yu heard that the mausoleum and Ziqing are very thick, so the envoy said, treat each other with an open mind, and eventually they will not return to Han, and they will suffer from nothing; In the land of the dead, Xinyi'an has seen it! The two brothers, both of them committed suicide before; when they came, Mrs. Tai was already unlucky; , a man, it has been more than ten years now, and his survival is unknown. Life is like morning dew, how long has he suffered like this! When the mausoleum first came down, he was suddenly like a maniac, and he felt that he had failed the Han, and he was protected by his old matriarch. Over the mausoleum! Moreover, your majesty is old, laws are impermanent, and dozens of ministers have been wiped out without guilt. Safety is unknown, and who cares if Ziqing will return!" Wu said: "Father Wu and his son have no merits and virtues. They are all accomplished by your majesty. General, Marquis of Jue Tong, brothers are close, and always willing to kill the ground. Now I have to kill myself, even if I have an axe, ax and a wok, I am sincere and happy! A minister serves the king, just like a son serving his father. A son dies for his father, and he has no hatred. Please don't talk again!" Ling and Wu drank for a few days, and said again: "Ziqing listened to Ling's words!" Wu said: "I have been dead for a long time, and the king must want to surrender to the military. Please finish today's joy and die in the name of Go ahead!" Seeing his sincerity, Ling sighed and said, "What a shame, righteous man! The crimes committed by Ling and Wei Lv are as high as the heavens!" After weeping and touching his chest, he went with Wu Jue.Dozens of cattle and sheep were given to Wu.

【Translation】

The sixth year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (81 BC).At first, after Su Wu was exiled by the Xiongnu to the North Sea, he had no food supply, so he lived by digging wild rats and eating grass seeds in the rat holes.Despite such a hard life, he insisted on holding the talisman of the Han Dynasty to shepherd the sheep every day, whether he was sleeping or getting up, he had to carry it with him, so that the hair tassels on the scepter were worn off.When Su Wu was in the Han Dynasty, he and Li Ling both served as servants. After Li Ling surrendered to the Huns, he never dared to see Su Wu.After a long time, Shan Yu sent Li Ling to the North Sea to hold a banquet for Su Wu, and danced and danced for him.Li Ling said to Su Wu: "Shanyu heard that I have always had a deep friendship with you, so he sent me to persuade you to surrender. He is willing to treat you with humility. You will never return to the Han Dynasty in the end. Now I am here Suffering in vain in a desolate place, who can see your integrity! Your two brothers committed suicide not long ago; when I came here, your mother had also passed away; and your The wife is still young, and it is said that she has remarried to someone else; there are only two sisters, two daughters, and one son left. Now more than ten years have passed, and it is unknown whether they are still alive. Life is like a morning The dew is so short, why do you have to suffer yourself for such a long time! When I just surrendered to the Huns, I felt in a trance, like crazy, hated myself for failing the Han Dynasty, and implicated my mother in prison. Don’t you How could you be more willing to surrender to the Xiongnu than I am! Besides, the emperor is old now, and the decrees are unpredictable. There are dozens of families who have been exterminated for their innocence. The safety and danger are unpredictable. Who else do you want to keep your chastity for? !" Su Wu said: "My father and son didn't have any meritorious deeds, but thanks to the emperor's kindness, we were able to enjoy high positions and generous salaries, and were as famous as princes and generals, so that our brothers had the opportunity to be close to the emperor, so I always hope that we can I want to repay the emperor's great kindness with all my heart. Now I finally have the opportunity to sacrifice myself to serve the emperor. Even if I add an ax to my body and cook in a soup pot, I will not hesitate! Serving the monarch as a minister is like a son serving his father. A son is willing to serve Father dies without any regrets. I hope you don't say anything more." Li Ling drank with Su Wu for several days, and persuaded him, "Ziqing, just listen to me." Su Wu But he said: "I have had the desire to die for a long time. If the King must let me, Su Wu, surrender, then please end today's reunion and let me die before you!" Seeing Su Wu's sincerity, Li Ling sighed deeply: "Hey! You are a righteous man! The crimes of Wei Lu and I are as clear as heaven!" After speaking, he couldn't help crying, and then bid farewell to Su Wu.Before leaving, he gave Su Wu dozens of cattle and sheep.

[Original text]

After the mausoleum was restored to Beihai, Yuwu Yiwu Emperor collapsed.Wunan Township wailed and vomited blood, which lasted for several months.And Hu Yanda was Shan Yuli, his mother's family was not upright, and the country was deviant, and he was often afraid of Han soldiers attacking him, so Wei Lu conspired with Shan Yu and made peace with the Han.When the envoys of the Han Dynasty arrived, they begged Su Wu and others, but the Huns lied that Wu died.

When the envoy of the Later Han Dynasty returned to the Xiongnu, Chang Hui privately saw the envoy of the Han Dynasty, and taught the envoy to call him Shan Yu, saying: "The Son of Heaven shot into the forest and got a wild goose. There are enough silk scripts to say that Wu and others are in a certain lake." The envoy was overjoyed, like Hui Words to let Shan Yu.Shan Yu looked left and right and was startled, Xie Han envoy said: "Wu and others are real." They belonged to Wu and Ma Hong.For Ma Hong, Wang Zhong, the former deputy Guanglu doctor, made the Western Kingdom covered by the Xiongnu; Zhong died in battle, and Ma Hong was born and refused to surrender.Therefore, the Xiongnu returned to these two people in order to express their goodwill.So Li Ling bought wine to congratulate Wu and said: "I will return with one step. I will become famous to the Huns and show my achievements in the Han Dynasty. Although it is recorded in ancient bamboos and silks and painted in Danqing, how can I pass Ziqing! Although the mausoleum is cowardly, it will make the Han Dynasty punish the mausoleum. His old mother, who made great ambitions for great humiliation, was almost an alliance with Cao Ke, and this mausoleum has never been forgotten in the past. The mausoleum's family was taken in and slaughtered for the world, so why should the mausoleum be restored! It's over, Ling Ziqing Know my heart and ears!" Ling wept for a few lines, because of the duel with Wu.

Shanyu called the military officials to belong to them. Nine of them returned with the military.As soon as he arrived in the capital, he ordered Wu Fengyi to pay a visit to the Emperor Wu's garden temple, and worshiped him as a country under the Dian, with a rank of two thousand stones, a gift of 200 million yuan, two hectares of public land, and a residential area.Wuliu Xiongnu Fan was 19 years old. He started out strong, and when he returned, his beard and hair were all white.

【Translation】

Later, Li Ling came to the North Sea again and told Su that Emperor Wu of Wuhan had passed away.Su Wucong had to face the south every morning and evening and cry loudly, crying blood, and went like this for several months.Hu Yan Shanyu ascended the throne as the leader of the Xiongnu, but his mother, the Yan family, disintegrated the country because of her misbehavior. She was always worried that the Han army would come to attack, so Wei Lu offered advice to the Shanyu to make the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty reconcile.When the envoys of the Han Dynasty came to the Xiongnu, they demanded that Su Wu and other previous envoys of the Han Dynasty be released back to the country, but the Huns lied that Su Wu was dead.

Later, the Han envoy came to the Xiongnu again. Chang Hui asked the Han envoy in secret, and taught the Han envoy to say to Shan Yu: "The emperor of the Han Dynasty was hunting in Shanglinyuan and shot down a wild goose. , it says that Su Wu and others live in a certain lake.” The envoy was overjoyed, and asked Shan Yu according to Chang Hui’s words.Shan Yu then looked around at his attendants, was very surprised, and then apologized to the Han envoy, saying: "Su Wu is indeed still alive." So he had to send Su Wu, Ma Hong and others back to the Han Dynasty.Ma Hong used to be the envoy of the Han Dynasty to various countries in the Western Regions. He was the deputy envoy of Wang Zhong, the doctor of Guanglu. On the way, he was robbed and killed by the Huns army. Surrender to the Huns.So the Xiongnu put Su Wu and Ma Hong back this time in order to show their goodwill to the Han Dynasty.Therefore, Li Ling set up a banquet to celebrate Su Wu and said: "Now that you have returned to the Han Dynasty, your reputation has spread far and wide to the Xiongnu, and your achievements have been outstanding in the Han Dynasty. Even if you are recorded in the annals and depicted in Danqing, who can surpass you! Although I am dull and cowardly, if the Han Dynasty could forgive my sins and treat my mother kindly, so that I could bear the burden of humiliation, like the feat of Cao GUI hijacking Duke Huan of Qi in Kemeng during the Spring and Autumn Period, it would be the ambition I dare not forget day and night. Ah. But who would have thought that the Han Dynasty would have ransacked my entire family and treated me with the cruelest killing method in the world? What else do I have to worry about! Now everything is a thing of the past, I just let you know my heart !” Li Ling said goodbye to Su Wu with tears streaming down his face.

Shan Yu summoned all the officials and attendants of the Han Dynasty who came with Su Wu. Except for those who had surrendered to the Huns and died, the remaining nine returned to the Han Dynasty with Su Wu.After Su Wu and his party arrived in Chang'an, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty ordered Su Wu to use a cow, a sheep, and a pig each to worship the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty with the most solemn ceremony. Su Wu 200 million yuan, two hectares of public land, and one house.Su Wu was imprisoned by the Huns for 19 years. He was in his prime when he went, but he was already gray-haired and old when he came back.

[Comment and Analysis]

"Suwu Shepherd's Festival is not disgraceful...", this song "Suwu Shepherd" that has been sung for many years is about Su Wu's adherence to the Han Festival in the Western Han Dynasty and his refusal to surrender to the Huns.During the 19 years of being detained by the Huns, Su Wu never forgot that he was an envoy of the great Han.Even when he learned that his relatives were killed, his wife remarried, and the whereabouts of his children were unknown, he remained unwavering.This is the festival.People with integrity will move the world, so when the messenger said that the birds in the sky brought the news that Su Wu was still alive, Shan Yu of the Huns could only admit it.

Li Ling Incident
[Original text]

Emperor Shizong Xiaowu of the Han Dynasty, the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty

At the beginning, Li Guang had Sun Ling, who was a servant, good at riding and shooting, and a corporal who loved his lover.The emperor thought that there was a wind of Guang, so he worshiped the captain of the cavalry, and sent 5000 people from Danyang and Chu to teach Jiuquan and Zhangye to prepare for Hu.And the second division attacked the Xiongnu, and went to the mausoleum of the imperial edict. He wanted to make him the second division general. As a team, go to the south of Langan Mountain to divide the soldiers alone, and don't order them to go to the second division army." Shang said: "General evil belongs to evil! I have many troops, and I have no horses to give to women." Ling said: "No As far as cavalry is concerned, the minister is willing to attack the crowd with less, and 5000 infantry will be involved in the court." The strong and promised.Because of the order, General Bode's soldiers greeted the Lingling army halfway.Bode was also ashamed of the distance behind the mausoleum, and said: "Fang Qiu, the Xiongnu's horses are fat, and they are not ready to fight. I wish to stay in the mausoleum until spring." Zhao Bode led his troops to attack the Xiongnu in Xihe.Zhaoling was sent out in September, out of the barricade, to the Longle River in the south of Dongjunji Mountain, wandering and watching the captives, that is, they saw nothing, returned, and arrived at Hughes in the surrendered city.So Mausoleum sent 5000 infantrymen out of Juyan, traveled northward for [-] days, and stopped camping at Junji Mountain.Summoned by Bule, Daoling will lead the soldiers to die, and he will be very happy, and worship Bule as a man.

【Translation】

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the second year of Tianhan (99 BC)
At first, Li Ling, Li Guang's grandson, served as a servant. He was good at horseback riding and archery, cared for soldiers, and respected corporals.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt that Li Ling had the demeanor of his grandfather Li Guang, so he promoted him to the captaincy of cavalry and asked him to lead 5000 people from Danyang and Chu to teach archery in Jiuquan and Zhangye to prevent the Huns from invading.When the second division attacked the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned Li Ling and planned to let him escort the luggage.Li Ling immediately kowtowed and asked: "The people I lead to garrison the frontier are all mighty men and talented swordsmen from the Jingchu area. They are strong enough to capture tigers alive, and their archery skills are superb. I alone led a group of troops to the south of Langan Mountain, in order to disperse the Xiongnu Shanyu's forces, and prevent him from using all his strength against the troops of General Ershi." Han Wudi said: "It seems that you do not want to be subordinate. For others! But I have too many troops this time, so I don’t have any extra horses for you.” Li Ling said: “I don’t need horses. I just want to be able to win more with less. The royal court of the Xiongnu Shanyu." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was overwhelmed by Li Ling's courage, and immediately agreed to his request, and ordered Lu Bode to meet Li Ling on the way.Lu Bode was ashamed to be Li Ling's reinforcements, so he played Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and said: "It is autumn now, and the Huns are fat and strong. Don't fight with them easily. I hope your majesty can tell Li Ling to wait a little until next spring." Go out." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry, suspecting that Li Ling secretly instigated Lu Bode to write a letter because he was timid and repented and did not want to go out. So he ordered Lu Bode to lead his troops to Xihe to attack the Xiongnu, and at the same time ordered Li Ling to leave Juyan in September. Starting from Zheluzhang, he went deep into the Longle River south of Dongjunji Mountain to patrol and investigate the movement of the Xiongnu. If there was no sign of the Xiongnu, he retreated to the surrendered city to recuperate his soldiers.Therefore, Li Ling led 30 infantrymen and marched northward from Juyan. After walking for [-] days, they arrived at Junji Mountain, where they stopped and set up camp. Cheng Tu sent back to Chang'an.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty summoned Chen Bule and heard him report that Li Ling had the ability to make his subordinates fight to the death, so Longyan was very happy and asked Chen Bule to be the official.

[Original text]

From the mausoleum to Junji Mountain, it is the same value as Shanyu. It can ride [-] troops surrounding the mausoleum. The army lives between the two mountains and uses carts as camp.The mausoleum led soldiers out of the camp to serve as Chen, carrying halberds and shields in the front, and bows and crossbows in the back.Seeing that the Han army was small, the captives went straight to the camp.Attacking the mausoleum, thousands of crossbows were fired, and they fell in response to the strings.The captives went up the mountain, and the Han army pursued and killed thousands of people.Shan Yu was shocked, and he summoned more than [-] soldiers from the left and right to attack the mausoleum.The mausoleum fought and led southward. After a few days, it arrived in the valley. After several days of fighting, the soldiers were shot and wounded.Lead the troops to the southeast, follow the old Longcheng road for four or five days, and arrive at Daze among the reeds. The captives set fire from the upper wind, and the mausoleum also ordered the army to set fire to save themselves.Traveling south to the foot of the mountain, Shan Yu was on the southern mountain and ordered his son to ride on the mausoleum.The Ling army fought among the trees and killed thousands of people again. Because they shot Shanyu repeatedly with crossbows, Shanyu went down.That day the captives were captured, and he said, "Shanyu said: 'This Han's elite soldiers cannot be attacked, and they lead us south to the fort day and night, so there will be no ambush?" Thousands of horsemen attacked the Han with thousands of people and could not destroy them. Afterwards, there was nothing left to make the frontier officials lighten the Huns. Fighting again in the valley, it was still forty or fifty miles away, and the flat land was obtained. If it cannot be broken, it will be returned.'”

【Translation】

After Li Ling arrived at Junji Mountain, he met the Xiongnu army led by Shan Yu. About 3 Hun cavalry troops surrounded Li Ling's troops.Li Ling's troops were stationed between the two mountains, surrounded by carts end to end, and personally led the soldiers to form a formation outside the camp. The soldiers in the front row held halberds and shields, and those in the back row held bows and crossbows.Seeing that the Han army was few, the Xiongnu army went straight to the front of the Han army camp.Li Ling led his troops to meet them and fought fiercely. At that time, the Han army fired all arrows, and the Xiongnu soldiers fell in response. They had to retreat to the mountains. The Han army chased and killed thousands of Hun soldiers.Shan Yu was greatly surprised, and immediately ordered more than 3000 cavalry from the left and right wings to counterattack Li Ling.Li Ling led his troops to retreat southward while fighting, and after a few days, they came to a valley.The Han army fought repeatedly, and most of the soldiers were wounded by arrows, but they still insisted on fighting tenaciously. Those with three wounds sat in the car, those with two wounds drove the car, and those with one wound continued to fight with a weapon in their hands. The Huns had more than [-] people.Li Ling led his men to retreat to the southeast. After walking for four or five days along the old road of Longcheng, they came to a large swamp and reeds.The Xiongnu then set fire to the windward place in an attempt to burn Li Ling and his party to death; Li Ling also ordered his subordinates to set fire to the surrounding reeds to save themselves.The Han army continued to march south and came to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.Shan Yu then ordered his son to lead the cavalry to attack Li Ling's troops on Nanshan.The Han army fought against the Xiongnu on foot in the woods, killed thousands of Huns, and shot the Shanyu with a repeater, and the Shanyu hurried down the mountain to escape.On the same day, the Han army captured some Hun prisoners, and learned from them: "We heard from Shan Yu: 'This team is the elite soldiers of the Han Dynasty, and a strong attack failed to destroy them. They lured us to approach the south day and night. Hansai, is there an army in ambush there?" All the householders and princes also said: "Shan Yu personally led tens of thousands of cavalry to attack the team of only a few thousand Han troops, but they still could not destroy them, and they will not be able to in the future. Then give orders to the officials, which will make the Han Dynasty look down on the Huns even more. Therefore, we have to fight hard in the valley, and there are still forty or fifty miles away from the plains. If we still cannot win this time, then the Huns will be compelled to return.'”

(End of this chapter)