Zi Zhi Tong Jian

Chapter 21 The Han Dynasty: The Banquet of the Hongmen (9)
[Original text]

At that time, the Ling army was in a hurry, and the Xiongnu had many horses. They fought dozens of times a day, wounded and killed more than 800 captives.The captives were disadvantaged and wanted to go. Guan Gan, the marquis of the Huiling Army, was humiliated by the school lieutenant and surrendered to the Huns. Let's go, use the yellow and white banners. When you use fine cavalry to shoot at them, you will break them." Shan Yu was overjoyed and sent cavalry to attack the Han army, shouting: "Li Ling and Han Yannian are willing to surrender!" Attack the tomb.The mausoleum lives in the valley, and the captives are on the mountain, shooting from all sides, and the arrows are like rain.The Han army marched southward, but before they reached Dahan Mountain, they had exhausted 50 arrows a day, so they abandoned their chariots and left.More than [-] soldiers, just cut off the spokes of the chariots and held them. The military officers, armed with rulers and knives, went up the mountain and entered the narrow valley.After dusk, the mausoleum walked out of the camp alone in plain clothes, stopping to the left and right: "Don't follow, the husband will take Shan Yuer!" After a long time, the mausoleum returned, and Taixi said: "The army is defeated and dead!" , Ling sighed and said: "If you get dozens of arrows again, it is enough to get rid of them. Now there are no soldiers to fight again, and it is dawn, sitting and being bound, and the birds and beasts are scattered. There are still some who get rid of them and return to the emperor." The soldiers were ordered to hold two liters. A piece of ice is waiting for those who hide obstacles.In the middle of the night, the soldiers beat the drums, but the drums did not sound.Both Ling and Han Yannian got on their horses, followed by more than a dozen strong men, thousands of captive cavalry chased them, and Han Yannian died in battle.The mausoleum said: "Report to Your Majesty without a face!" Then he surrendered.The soldiers dispersed, and more than [-] people escaped to the fortress.

【Translation】

At this time, the situation of the Han army became more and more dangerous.The Xiongnu cavalry was very numerous, and they had to fight dozens of rounds a day. The soldiers of the Han army wounded and beheaded more than 2000 Huns.Seeing that the situation was going against them, the Xiongnu prepared to lead their troops away.But at this time, one of Li Ling's subordinates named Guan Gan, who was insulted by the school lieutenant, fled to the Xiongnu army and surrendered. He told the truth about the Han army and said: "Li Ling's troops are not There is no backup, and the arrows are almost used up. Only the general's subordinates and the school lieutenant Cheng'an Hou Han Yannian's troops each have 800 people to open the way in front, with yellow and white flags as signs. Elite cavalry should be sent to shoot them with strong crossbows. The Han army can be defeated immediately." Shanyu was overjoyed to get Guan Gan, and immediately ordered the Xiongnu cavalry to attack the Han army. At the same time, he made people shout: "Li Ling, Han Yannian, come and surrender!" Cut off the retreat of the Han army and launched a fierce attack on Li Ling.Li Ling's troops were trapped in the valley, and the Xiongnu army was on the mountain, shooting arrows from all directions, and the arrows rained down for a while.Li Ling led his troops to continue to retreat southward, but had not yet reached Mount Dahan, and had already used up all 50 arrows in one day, so he had to abandon his heavy vehicles and continue on his way.At this time, there were still more than 400 soldiers under him, so they had to cut off the spokes of the chariot and used them as weapons in their hands, and the civil servants also joined the battle ranks with sharp knives.Before the Han army reached the mountain, they retreated into the gorge. Shan Yu personally led his troops to cut off the retreat route of the Han army, and ordered the Huns to roll boulders from the mountain and smash them into the valley. Many Han soldiers were killed and could not move forward.After dusk, Li Ling walked out of the camp alone in plain clothes, stopped his left and right attendants and said, "Don't follow me, I will capture Shanyu alone!" The army has already been defeated, and I am about to die here!" After cutting down all the banners and burying them in the ground together with the treasures, Li Ling sighed, "If you give me dozens more arrows, we will be able to escape. Now we There are no weapons to resist, and after dawn, we can only capture them with nothing to fight, now it is better to run for our lives, so that some people can escape and go back to report to the emperor." So he ordered the soldiers to bring two liters of dry food and a piece of ice, Meet at Zheluzhang.In the middle of the night, Li Ling ordered the soldiers to beat the drums to wake them up, but the drums were broken and could not be beaten.Li Ling and Han Yannian had no choice but to mount their horses, accompanied by more than a dozen strong men.Thousands of Xiongnu cavalry pursued all the way, and Han Yannian unfortunately died in battle.Li Ling said: "I have no face to repay Your Majesty!" So he surrendered to the Huns.Others dispersed and broke through, and there were more than [-] Han troops who fled back to the frontier.

[Original text]

The place where the mausoleum was defeated was fortified for more than a hundred miles, and the frontier fortress was heard.Shang Yuling fought to the death; when he heard that the mausoleum had surrendered, Shang was very angry and blamed Chen Bule, who committed suicide.All the ministers were guilty of the mausoleum, and they asked Sima Qian, the mausoleum commander, who said: "The mausoleum is a matter of filial piety, trustworthiness with scholars, and often strives to serve the country's emergencies without regard for one's own. Unfortunately, the whole body of the minister who protects his wife will then match his shortcomings, which is really painful! Moreover, the number of infantry in Lingti is less than five thousand, and they are deeply ravaging the land of soldiers and horses. Tens of thousands of troops are suppressed. The people attacked and besieged him, fought for thousands of miles, exhausted the arrows, and the soldiers Zhang Kong shot, and took the sword, and headed north to fight the deadly enemy, winning the death power of the people, although the ancient famous generals are no more than that. Although the body is defeated, it is destroyed. It is also enough to be violent to the world. If he is not dead, it is better to repay the Han if he gets what he deserves." The superiors thought that they were slanderous, they wanted to suppress the second teacher, they lobbied for the mausoleum, and they were corrupt and punished.For a long time, I regretted that the mausoleum could not be saved, and said: "The mausoleum should be fortified, and the commander-in-chief of the strong crossbow will order to welcome the army; if you sit on the pre-edict, you will make the veteran treacherous."

The fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.At that time, Ao was sent deep into the Xiongnu to welcome Li Ling, but Ao's army failed to return, because he said: "If you capture a living person, you say that Li Ling taught Shanyu to serve as a soldier to prepare the Han army, so I have nothing to gain."After hearing it, it was Li Xu, the Han general who surrendered to the Xiongnu, not the mausoleum.Ling sent people to assassinate Xu.The Dayan family wanted to kill the mausoleum, but it was Shan Yu in the north of Hidden.When Da Yan died, he returned it.Shan Yu took his daughter's wife's mausoleum and established him as the king of the right school, and he and Wei Lu were both valuable.Wei Lu is always around Shan Yu; the mausoleum is outside, and when there are major events, they are discussed.

The first six years of Emperor Xiaozhao of the Han Dynasty.Huo Guang, Shangguan Jie and Li Lingsushan sent their old friend Ren Lizheng in Longxi to the Xiongnu to recruit them.The mausoleum said: "Gui Yi'er, my husband can no longer be humiliated!" So he died of the Xiongnu.

【Translation】

The place where Li Ling was defeated was only more than 100 miles away from the frontier fortress of the Han Dynasty, and the general of the frontier fortress immediately reported the incident to the court.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty hoped that Li Ling would fight to the death with the Huns, but when he heard that Li Ling had surrendered to the Huns, he was furious and reprimanded Chen Bule, who committed suicide in panic.Both civil and military officials in the Manchu Dynasty believed that Li Ling was guilty, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked Sima Qian, the Taishi Ling, for his opinion on the matter. The urgent need to save the country is exactly what he always volunteered for, and he has the demeanor of a countryman. Now that he encounters misfortune when he goes out to fight, those officials who only know how to save their own lives and their wives and children will follow suit and fabricate his shortcomings. It is really sad. What's more, Li Ling personally led an infantry force of less than 5000 people, and went deep into the hinterland of the Xiongnu, which was full of war horses, to defend against tens of thousands of enemy troops; Li Ling besieged Li Ling. Li Ling led his troops to travel thousands of miles and exhausted all their arrows. In the end, they had nowhere to go. The soldiers had to hold empty crossbows without arrows and risked the enemy's sharp bayonets. They still faced the north and fought hard to kill the enemy. To get such desperate service from his subordinates, even if it was placed on a famous general in ancient times, I am afraid it is nothing more than that! Although Li Ling was defeated, his blow to the Huns was unprecedented, which was enough to make him famous all over the world. The reason why Li Ling did not have a death festival must be I plan to look for opportunities to continue serving the country." After hearing this, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty believed that Sima Qian was framing and defrauding others, with the purpose of lobbying for Li Ling to be exonerated, so he ordered Sima Qian to be cruelly castrated.

It took a long time for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to regret his decision to leave Li Ling in a helpless situation.He said: "I should have arranged for the strong crossbow general Lu Bode to go to meet Li Ling when Li Ling led the army; but I issued an edict in advance, and the old general Lu Bode was treacherous and refused to go to meet Li Ling. .” So they sent envoys to reward Li Ling’s remaining troops who had escaped by chance.

The fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (97 BC).At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Gongsun Ao to lead an army deep into the hinterland of the Huns to meet Li Ling. As a result, Gongsun Ao returned without success, so he framed Li Ling and said: "According to the captured Huns captives, Li Ling taught Shanyu in the Huns to make weapons for Resist the Han army, so I get nothing." Emperor Wu of the Han then ordered Li Ling's family members to be killed.I heard later that this was the work of Li Xu, the general of the Han Dynasty who surrendered to the Huns, and had nothing to do with Li Ling.Li Ling then sent someone to assassinate Li Xu.The Xiongnu Shanyu's mother, the Dayan family, wanted to kill Li Ling for this reason, and the Shanyu hurriedly hid him in the north. After the death of the Dayan family, Li Ling was welcomed back to the royal court.Shan Yu later married his daughter to Li Ling, and made him the Right School King, who received the same respect as Wei Lu and held power.Wei Lu often served Shan Yu's left and right sides, while Li Ling lived in other places all the year round, and only went to the royal court to negotiate with the royal court when there were important matters.

In the sixth year of the first Yuan Dynasty (81 BC) of Emperor Zhaodi of the Han Dynasty ([-] BC), Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie had always had a deep relationship with Li Ling, so they specially sent Li Ling's old friend Ren Lizheng from Longxi to the Xiongnu to persuade Li Ling to return to China.Li Ling said to them: "It's not difficult to go back, but a man can't be insulted twice!" He died of old age in the Huns.

[Comment and Analysis]

Li Ling was not the first general of the Han Dynasty to surrender to the Huns, but he was the most tragic one.He led 5000 people deep into the hinterland of the Xiongnu, and surrendered to the Xiongnu when "the army had no survivors, and all arrows were shot", and he was prepared to return to the Han Dynasty as soon as he had the opportunity.Unexpectedly, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so ruthless that he killed his whole family, so he gave up his heart to return to Han and became a subject of the Huns, but his heart remained depressed until he died of old age.

Feiyan is light
[Original text]

The third year of Hongjia, Emperor Xiaocheng of the Han Dynasty

On a small walk past Master Yang's house, Zhao Feiyan, a singer and dancer, was called into the palace. It was a great fortune;During Emperor Xuan's time, Nao Fangcheng, a doctor wearing incense, was in the empress, and said: "This disaster is also a disaster, and the fire must be extinguished!"Empress Xu and Ban Yan fell out of favor.So Zhao Feiyan told Empress Xu and Ban Yan to coax and flatter the way, wishing and cursing the harem, and calling on the Lord.Winter, November, Jiayin, Empress Xu abolished the Zhaotai Palace, her sister Ye and others were all executed, and relatives returned to the old county.Examine Ban Ji, and he said to each other: "The concubine heard that 'death and life are fate, wealth and honor are in the sky.' Amendment has not been blessed, so what do you hope for evil desires! Make ghosts and gods know, and not be sued by disobedient ministers; if they are ignorant, What's the benefit of complaining! So I don't do anything about it." The Supreme Being is right, pardons him, and bestows a hundred catties of gold.Zhao's elder sister and younger brother were arrogant and jealous, fearing that they would see danger for a long time, so they asked to raise the Queen Mother together in Changxin Palace.On Xu Yan.

The first year of Yongshi, Emperor Xiaocheng of the Han Dynasty.In June, in Bingyin, the queen Zhao was established, and the world was amnesty.The queen is established, but the favor is less and less.Fortunately, his younger brother is Zhaoyi, who lives in Zhaoyang House: the courtyard is brightly lit and the hall is painted with lacquer; everything is made of copper and painted with gold; white jade steps; Decorate it.Since the harem, there has been nothing.Zhao Hou lived in a separate hall, and he was a minister with many contacts and a palace slave with many sons.Zhaoyi tasted that the emperor said: "The concubine and sister are so rigid that if they are framed by others, then the Zhao family will have no seed!"The emperor believed in it, and the emperor would kill those who had the traitor of the white queen.Because of the empress's obscenity, there is no one who dares to speak, but he has no children.

【Translation】

The third year of Hongjia, Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty (18 BC)
Emperor Xiaocheng of the Han Dynasty made a private visit, passing by Princess Yang'a's house, and Zhao Mei, the singing and dancing girl of the princess's house, was also called into the palace later, she was beautiful, pure and flawless.When people around Emperor Cheng saw her, they all praised her.There was a Dr. Pixiang during Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty named Nao Fangcheng, who happened to be standing behind Emperor Cheng to serve him, but he scolded: "This is a disaster for women, and the Han Dynasty will definitely perish in their hands in the future!" Zhao Feiyan The two sisters were conferred the title of lord by Emperor Cheng, and the honor and favor of the two sisters surpassed all the beauties in the harem.Empress Xu and Ban Yan fell out of favor because of this.Zhao Feiyan took the opportunity to slander Emperor Cheng, saying that Empress Xu and Ban Chuan used magic to curse the favored beauties in the harem, and even scolded the emperor.In November of winter, Empress Xu was abolished and moved to Zhaotai Palace.Empress Xu's sister Xu Ye and others were all killed, and all relatives of Empress Xu were deported back to their original places.Emperor Cheng interrogated Ban Ji, and Ban Ji replied: "I heard that 'death and life are fate, wealth and honor are in the sky', I insist on practicing justice, but I haven't received any happiness. If I have any evil thoughts, I'm afraid Let alone hope for good results. If the ghosts and gods know, they will not listen to the sorcery and curses of any treacherous ministers; I won’t do it.” Chengdi heard her words were very reasonable, so he pardoned her and rewarded her with a hundred catties of gold.The Zhao sisters became more and more arrogant and jealous, and Ban Chuan was afraid that after a long time, she would eventually be harmed by her, so she simply asked to serve the Queen Mother in Changxin Palace, and the emperor granted her request.

The first year of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty (16 BC).On June [-]th, Emperor Cheng appointed Zhao Feiyan as queen, and at the same time gave amnesty to the world.After Zhao Feiyan became the empress, Emperor Cheng's love for her began to decline day by day.But her younger sister was favored unprecedentedly, was named Zhaoyi, and was given to live in Zhaoyang House: the atrium of the residence was all painted vermilion, and the hall was painted black; the doors and windows were all wrapped with copper, and then painted The steps are also carved with white jade; there are many strip-shaped crossbars on the walls of the house, and gold rings are embedded everywhere on the crossbars, and the rings are inlaid with decorations such as Lantian jade, pearls and emerald feathers.Its level of luxury has never been seen in the harem.Empress Zhao lives in another palace, and has had many fornications with her assistant minister and the palace slave with many children.Zhao Zhaoyi once said to Emperor Cheng: "My sister is strong by nature. If she is framed, then our Zhao family will be extinct from now on!" Taking advantage of the situation, she cried very bitterly.Emperor Cheng naturally believed her words, and he would execute all those who reported the queen's adultery.From then on, Queen Zhao became more wanton and lustful, but no one dared to report to Emperor Cheng again, but she did not have children in the end.

[Comment and Analysis]

When Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty first succeeded to the throne, he doted on Ban Tan.Ban Yan is a woman who knows the general situation, and she is very talented and wise. She often persuades Emperor Cheng to be a good monarch.The Empress Dowager Wang also praised Ban Chan: "In ancient times there was Fan Ji, but now there is Ban Chan".Zhao Feiyan was originally a singing and dancing girl from Princess Yang'a's family. She was met by Emperor Cheng when he was visiting in micro-clothes, so she was loved by Emperor Cheng.She introduced her younger sister into the palace again, and the two sisters made the harem into a mess, and even framed Ban Yan and Empress Xu for cursing others with sorcery.In the end, Empress Xu was abolished, and Ban Chuan escaped with his own intelligence. He simply asked to serve the Empress Dowager in Changle Palace to avoid the persecution of the Zhao sisters.After Zhao Feiyan became a queen, in order to give birth to a son and have an affair with others, Emperor Cheng actually listened to Zhao Zhaoyi's lies and didn't pursue it anymore.

(End of this chapter)